Frontline managers in the banking industry support geographically dispersed employees and face significant obstacles in communicating effectively to motivate their virtual team members. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore communication strategies frontline managers in the banking industry used to motivate virtual team members. Vroom's expectancy theory was the conceptual framework for the study. Participants consisted of 5 frontline banking managers in Michigan who had successfully implemented communication strategies to motivate virtual team members. Data were collected using face-to-face semistructured interviews, a review of company documents, and a review of company websites. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Yin's 5-step process of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding the data. The 3 emergent themes were a clarification strategy, a technology strategy, and a motivation strategy. Frontline banking managers leading virtual teams might use the findings from this study to improve the clarity of their communications with team members, make effective use of technology in their communication strategy, motivate team members through consistent messaging, and offer adequate rewards and facilitating peer competition among team members. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential for frontline banking managers to improve job satisfaction and motivation among virtual team members, resulting in higher employment rates, improved local economic stability, and enhanced rapport and volunteerism within their local communities.

This study investigates the strategies that learners of isiZulu use to understand and make themselves understood when they communicate in computer chatrooms. Chatrooms are viable tools for capturing linguistically rich interactions in conditions that are less restricted than the traditional classroom. The number and types of communication strategies that second language learners attempt, as well as their success in deploying them, have been a topic of interest to researchers in second language acquisition (SLA) because of their apparent role in the acquisition process. Strategies involve the efficient use of language to achieve successful communication in situations where there is some communicative deficiency, either in understanding or in self-expression. Examples of strategies are when learners ask for assistance from their chat partners, or when they check with their partners for confirmation of whether what they said is understood. This study explores differences in the strategies that intermediate learners of isiZulu use when the person they are chatting with is another isiZulu learner, compared to when their chat partner is a native speaker. The study also investigates whether the topic and type of interlocutor have any effect on communication strategy production. Eight learners were given cultural and personal topics to discuss alternately between their peers and native speakers. Given the tenet of the Interaction Hypothesis that language is best learned through interaction (Gass, 1997, 2003; Long, 1983, 1996), which is facilitated by communication strategies, exploring how strategies are utilized is important to the field of SLA as well as to African language pedagogy. The results of this study show no difference in the number, category and type of strategies used when chatting with peers versus native speakers about personal or cultural topics. The highest learners' use of CSs overall was to solve problems of self-expression when they chatted about cultural topics. This finding encourages the integration of culture and technology use in language classrooms. This study contributes to the small research base in technology and SLA for less commonly taught languages and, it is hoped, will promote the use of online chats and other communication technologies in the teaching of these languages.

<p>Purpose/Aim: The purpose is to describe, analyze and compare the two communication campaigns Världens Chans and Utrota Fattigdomen Nu, and discuss how and to what extent communication campaigns in Sweden can be used to reduce global poverty. The theoretical framework is mainly based on communications strategies and other relevant aspects of the planning process of campaigns.</p><p>Material/Method: Within the qualitative case study as an overall method, the main material to the two cases is obtained through five qualitative interviews with the premier representatives of the campaigns.</p><p>Main results: Världens Chans can be seen as an information campaign by the government which purpose is to contribute to the fulfilment of the millennium goals by drawing the attention of the public to their existence. Utrota Fattigdomen Nu, on the other hand, is an influence campaign by the civil society which purpose is to exterminate poverty by putting a pressure on power holders and to change the attitudes and the behaviours among the public. Both campaigns are based on a network with lots of different actors, functioning as opinion makers. Furthermore, communication campaigns are important tools in the fight against poverty.</p>

The aims of this thesis were to describe the experiences of persons with aphasia and their significant others of their conversations and use of communication strategies, examine current practice of family-oriented speech-language pathology (SLP) services, and test a family-oriented intervention in the early phase of rehabilitation. The persons with aphasia valued having conversations despite perceiving their aphasia as a serious social disability. They acknowledged the importance of the communication partners’ knowledge and understanding of aphasia and their use of supporting conversation strategies. Their own use of communication strategies varied considerably. The persons with aphasia longed to regain language ability and to be active participants in society. A majority of the significant others perceived their conversations with the person with aphasia as being less stimulating and enjoyable than conversations before stroke onset. Aphasia was considered a serious problem. The significant others took on increased communicative responsibility, where two thirds had changed their communicative behaviour to facilitate conversations. Type and severity of aphasia were especially related to the communicative experiences of the significant others and their motivation to be involved in SLP services. Thirty percent of the speech-language pathologists worked with people with aphasia and typically met with their families. They considered the involvement of significant others in SLP services as very important, especially in providing information about aphasia and communication partner training (CPT). However, involvement of significant others was restricted because of a time shortage and perceived limited skills and knowledge. In addition, there were national differences regarding aphasia rehabilitation services. The intervention consisted of three sessions directed to significant others (primarily emotional support and information) and three directed to the dyads (a person with aphasia and a significant other) (primarily CPT). All six participants (three dyads) felt that their knowledge and understanding of aphasia had increased and that their conversations had improved. These improvements were also evident to some extent with formal assessments. These results suggest the following: CPT should be an integral part of SLP services, national clinical guidelines are needed, and further education of speech-language pathologists and implementation of new knowledge into clinical practice requires consideration.

Bakgrund: TV-reklam är något som de allra flesta kommer i kontakt meddagligen, och det är ett vanligt samtalsämne. Diskussioner kan fokusera på den roliga reklamfilmen som du kan se på TV just nu eller hur irriterande det är när en spännande film stannar för ett reklamavbrott. Vad vi kan säga är att de flesta människorna har en uppfattning om TV-reklam och en del människor tycker att reklam är något positivt och en del människor ser det som något negativt. TV är en av de största marknadsföringskanalerna, men samtidigt ett av de reklamformat som uppfattas mest negativt. Detta innebär ett problemför företag som väljer denna reklamkanal då de tilltänkta mottagarna väljer att byta kanal vid reklampauserna. Hur ska reklamfilmerna utformas för att minska risken att det problemet uppstår? Syfte: Författarna vill, utan att generalisera, öka förståelsen för hur de olikakommunikationsstrategierna, den rationella strategin, den känslomässiga strategin, den repetitiva strategin och den sociala strategin uppfattas. Med hjälp av studien vill författarna bidra till att ta reda på hur en reklamfilm kan utformas för att minska risken för att den tilltänkta konsumenten zappar förbi reklamfilmen. Metod: I studien använde sig författarna av fokusgruppsundersökningar föratt se tendenser kring ungdomars åsikter om reklamfilm. Författarna använde också semiotik för att genomföra analyser av reklamfilmer. Resultat: Alla kommunikationsstrategier innehåller delar som deltagarna uppskattar, men det är tydligt vilken av kommunikationsstrategierna som uppskattades mest. Det visar sig också tydligt, efter undersökningen, hur en effektiv reklamfilm kan utformas. / Television advertising is something that the vast majority comes in contact with every day, and it is a common topic of conversation. Discussions may focus on the funny commercials that you can see on TV at the moment or how annoying it is when an exciting movie stops for a commercial break. What we can say is that people have an opinion about television advertising; some people think that advertising is something positive and some people see it as negative.A thesis from 2008 made at Gothenburg University showed that only 14% of the population perceive television advertising as something positive. Despite this, television remains one of the largest advertising forums in Sweden. 2006, the investment in television advertising stood for 15% of the total investment in advertising. Is it possible to receive TV advertising to become popular with most? Or at least reduce the negativity of television advertising? There have been four different communication strategies to adapt marketing to the audience that is most interesting. These communication strategies are developed based on the audience thinking, rational or emotional. They are also based on how motivated the audience is in their buying behavior. These strategies are the basis of our study. Our study raises the question if one of the communication strategies is more appreciated than the others, and in that case, what does that strategy contain that the other strategies lack? A response to this could lead to the conclusion that not all television advertisements are perceived as equally negative, and thus, by using the most positively perceived communication strategy, it would be easier for a company to get its message across. Many companies spend large sums on televisionadvertising and they want to feel sure that their message gets across. Now their intended consumers change channel during the commercial break because the advertising is seen as boring and annoying.

Background: In the past decade, Social Media has been an interesting Internet phenomenon. Social Media has increased the ability for Internet users to communicate and interact with one another, allowing them to overcome boundaries that once made communication difficult and slow. It has become a big part of everyday life and has fundamentally changed the way we send and receive information. This transformation has led to businesses acknowledging the need for a change in the way they communicate with their customers. The purpose of this thesis is to understand what makes a business successful in Social Media and what are the tools that businesses may use in order to communicate with their consumer community. Method: This study is exploratory and qualitative in nature. Authors conducted a case study research and used an inductive approach in order to answer research questions. Several methods of gathering data are used in the thesis for the full analysis of the case study: interview, survey, netnography (“internet – based ethnography”). Qualitative measures are used to draw conclusions regarding Social Media metrics and consumer engagement. Conclusion: Authors state that there is no universal communication strategy suitable for every company, but the appropriate one may be build according to the company goals and means. Process of creating the communication strategy should focus on several targets which companies may identify by themselves or with the help of guides. One of those targets is identifying appropriate ways of engaging with the customers with the combination of Brand Awareness, Brand Engagement and Word of Mouth. Three main parts of the communication strategy are interconnected: Brand Awareness, Brand Engagement and Word of Mouth. Effectiveness of communication strategy (different combination of Brand Awareness, Brand Engagement and Word of Mouth) may be measured by specific metrics or statistical ones. Increasing those interconnected metrics depends on ability to follow the customer needs and the quality of content. Main B2C Social Media tools nowadays are Facebook, Twitter, YouTube. This thesis found out strong relationship between those three (“Social Media Triangle” model). Company having accounts in each of those networks should use it as a whole and not as separate tools.

Undersökningens syfte har varit att kartlägga vilka strategier paren i de utvalda familjerna använder för att arbeta med sina relationer. Vi riktar uppmärksamheten mot den sociala responsivitetens och kommunikationens betydelse för arbetet med relationerna och hur detta påverkas av den sociala kontexten. De frågeställningar som aktualiseras med uppsatsen gäller hur paren i de utvalda barnfamiljerna försöker utveckla strategier för att bevara och utveckla sina relationer över tid. Därvid belyses även mer specifika frågor; vilken påverkan har den sociala kontexten på parens relationer och vilken betydelse har parens kommunikations mönster för utformningen av deras relationer, samt i vilken omfattning är paren öppna för hjälp utifrån av familjerådgivare när det gäller att bevara relationerna. Uppsatsens centrala frågeställning: Hur ser strategier ut i en parrelation? Undersökningen bygger på tio kvalitativa intervjuer som vi sedan utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv analyserat och kopplat till relevant litteratur. Samtliga par i vår undersökning har utvecklat strategier för att bevara och fördjupa sina relationer över tid. Strategiernas karaktär varierar hos de olika paren. Kommunikation som strategi utkristalliserades hos alla par. Den sociala kontextens betydelse påverkade paren, såsom den socioekonomiska aspekten genom att begränsa eller möjliggöra. Samtliga par var öppna för hjälp utifrån Familjerådgivning när det gäller att bevara relationerna. / The study's objective was to identify strategies pairs in the selected families use to work with their relationships. We direct attention to the social responsitivity and the importance of communication work on relationships and how this is affected by the social context. The issues raised by the essay is how the pairs in the selected families with children trying to develop strategies to preserve and develop their relationship over time. In doing so, highlights even more specific questions: what impact has the social context of couples relationships and importance of couple’s communication patterns, and to what extent are the pairs open to outside help from family counselors when it comes to maintaining relationships. Essay central question: What strategies look like in a partner relationship? The survey was based on ten qualitative interviews we then calculated from a hermeneutic perspective, analyzed and linked to relevant literature. All the couples in our study have developed strategies to maintain and deepen their relationships over time. The strategy nature varies among the different pairs. Communication as a strategy emerged for all couples. The social context influenced significance pairs, such as the socio-economic aspect by restricting or permit. All couples were open to outside help from family counselling when it comes to maintaining relationships.

Purpose/Aim: The purpose is to describe, analyze and compare the two communication campaigns Världens Chans and Utrota Fattigdomen Nu, and discuss how and to what extent communication campaigns in Sweden can be used to reduce global poverty. The theoretical framework is mainly based on communications strategies and other relevant aspects of the planning process of campaigns. Material/Method: Within the qualitative case study as an overall method, the main material to the two cases is obtained through five qualitative interviews with the premier representatives of the campaigns. Main results: Världens Chans can be seen as an information campaign by the government which purpose is to contribute to the fulfilment of the millennium goals by drawing the attention of the public to their existence. Utrota Fattigdomen Nu, on the other hand, is an influence campaign by the civil society which purpose is to exterminate poverty by putting a pressure on power holders and to change the attitudes and the behaviours among the public. Both campaigns are based on a network with lots of different actors, functioning as opinion makers. Furthermore, communication campaigns are important tools in the fight against poverty.

<p>Bakgrund: TV-reklam är något som de allra flesta kommer i kontakt meddagligen, och det är ett vanligt samtalsämne. Diskussioner kan fokusera på den roliga reklamfilmen som du kan se på TV just nu eller hur irriterande det är när en spännande film stannar för ett reklamavbrott. Vad vi kan säga är att de flesta människorna har en uppfattning om TV-reklam och en del människor tycker att reklam är något positivt och en del människor ser det som något negativt. TV är en av de största marknadsföringskanalerna, men samtidigt ett av de reklamformat som uppfattas mest negativt. Detta innebär ett problemför företag som väljer denna reklamkanal då de tilltänkta mottagarna väljer att byta kanal vid reklampauserna. Hur ska reklamfilmerna utformas för att minska risken att det problemet uppstår?</p><p>Syfte: Författarna vill, utan att generalisera, öka förståelsen för hur de olikakommunikationsstrategierna, den rationella strategin, den känslomässiga strategin, den repetitiva strategin och den sociala strategin uppfattas. Med hjälp av studien vill författarna bidra till att ta reda på hur en reklamfilm kan utformas för att minska risken för att den tilltänkta konsumenten zappar förbi reklamfilmen.</p><p>Metod: I studien använde sig författarna av fokusgruppsundersökningar föratt se tendenser kring ungdomars åsikter om reklamfilm. Författarna använde också semiotik för att genomföra analyser av reklamfilmer.</p><p>Resultat: Alla kommunikationsstrategier innehåller delar som deltagarna uppskattar, men det är tydligt vilken av kommunikationsstrategierna som uppskattades mest. Det visar sig också tydligt, efter undersökningen, hur en effektiv reklamfilm kan utformas.</p> / <p>Television advertising is something that the vast majority comes in contact with every day, and it is a common topic of conversation. Discussions may focus on the funny commercials that you can see on TV at the moment or how annoying it is when an exciting movie stops for a commercial break. What we can say is that people have an opinion about television advertising; some people think that advertising is something positive and some people see it as negative.A thesis from 2008 made at Gothenburg University showed that only 14% of the population perceive television advertising as something positive. Despite this, television remains one of the largest advertising forums in Sweden. 2006, the investment in television advertising stood for 15% of the total investment in advertising. Is it possible to receive TV advertising to become popular with most? Or at least reduce the negativity of television advertising? There have been four different communication strategies to adapt marketing to the audience that is most interesting. These communication strategies are developed based on the audience thinking, rational or emotional. They are also based on how motivated the audience is in their buying behavior. These strategies are the basis of our study. Our study raises the question if one of the communication strategies is more appreciated than the others, and in that case, what does that strategy contain that the other strategies lack? A response to this could lead to the conclusion that not all television advertisements are perceived as equally negative, and thus, by using the most positively perceived communication strategy, it would be easier for a company to get its message across. Many companies spend large sums on televisionadvertising and they want to feel sure that their message gets across. Now their intended consumers change channel during the commercial break because the advertising is seen as boring and annoying.</p>

This report first reviews issues emerging from English usage as a lingua franca, including distinctions among errors and variations in L2 English, attitudes toward L2-accented English, and communication strategies among non-native English speakers. Informed by the English learning as a second language literature, this report provides some suggestions for English teachers in Taiwan to help their students improve interactions with English speakers around the world. These suggestions involve promoting students’ respect for errors and accents in different varieties of English, which is expected to help students improve their own learning habits in order to lower their concerns about their “Taiwanese English.” The suggestions also encourage teachers to integrate issues regarding communication among non-native English speakers into English classes since these issues are often not the focus of traditional English classes in Taiwan. / text