Teaching conversational strategies has been effective for a wide array of clients with acquired neurologic disorders and their caregivers. Research indicates positive results for Supported Conversation in adults with Aphasia (SCA) secondary to stroke. Applying this method to work with caregivers of persons with memory impairment could prove to be a valid intervention tool. This investigation will examine the applicability of SCA with persons with memory impairment and their familial caregivers. This pilot study is intended to create a conversation regarding SCA and its implementation with persons with memory impairment who still live in the community with their caregivers. Analysis between the pre-training and post-training scores showed a trend to wards significance for Time (F(1, 9) = 0.064), no significance for Measure (F(3, 9) = 0.558), and no significance for the interaction of Time*Measure (F(3, 9) = 0.276). The effect size for Time was 0.732, for Measure was 0.494 and for Time*Measure was 0.956.

No description available.

UNICEF and WWF are leading nonprofit organizations in their field. They work globally with different projects and programs, trying to make a change for the better. This study examines and discusses the communication strategies used by nonprofit organizations in their Facebook posts by answering following questions: What communication strategies can be identified in UNICEF and WWF's Facebook posts in their aim to attract followers? Are there any linguistic patterns associated with those strategies? Are there any differences/similarities between the two organizations? The method used is based on corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, categorizing messages into the categories Information, Community and Action. The results show that both organizations mainly produce messages that are information based. They use less of the Community building and Action strategies. Some linguistic patterns were found to be associated with these strategies. These patterns were mostly connected to the communication strategy of Information.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar os fenômenos de contato entre línguas que surgem nas interações entre aprendizes de italiano como língua estrangeira (LE), cuja língua materna (L1) é o português-brasileiro, durante a realização em dupla de uma tarefa (task) escrita. Em especial, analisam-se as estratégias de compensação denominadas conscious transfer que incluem a inserção de regras e termos da L1 na L2, classificadas como estratégias utilizadas pelos falantes para fazerem frente a problemas de comunicação em LE. São elas: a troca de código, os estrangeirismos, a tradução literal e o transfer. Para garantir a naturalidade dos dados, decidimos levantá-los num contexto autêntico, ou seja, na aula de língua estrangeira. O corpus que compõe este estudo é formado por 15 horas de gravações, posteriormente transcritas, realizadas numa classe formada por seis aprendizes de nível B2, inscritos no programa do curso de graduação em Língua e Literatura Italiana de uma universidade do Estado de São Paulo. Para classificar e analisar as estratégias de comunicação presentes nas interações de aprendizes cuja L1 é próxima à LE, valemo-nos da taxonomia proposta por Dörnyei e Kormos (1998), que procura conciliar a perspectiva psicológica com a perspectiva sociointeracional. A abordagem adotada para a análise das sequências dialógicas situa-se num espaço de confluência de disciplinas como a etnografia, a análise da conversação e os estudos interacionistas. Da análise do corpus emerge que os aprendizes, para realizar uma tarefa, optaram pelo uso da língua alvo em lugar da L1. A existência de um controle menor por parte do professor aumentou a ocorrência das atividades de natureza metalinguística, porque estimulou os interactantes, na tentativa de serem entendidos, a melhorarem seu output por meio de um conjunto de auto e heterocorreções. Entretanto, o uso das estratégias denominadas conscious transfer não visa somente à superação de determinados obstáculos linguísticos. Com efeito, a interlíngua dos aprendizes observados é caracterizada por um espaço dinâmico, híbrido e em construção, um espaço disputado entre o exolinguismo, constituído por todas as estratégias que servem para compensar as lacunas linguísticas devidas à falta de recursos adequados para expressar-se em LE, e o bilinguismo, caracterizado seja por estratégias discursivas seja por estratégias eminentemente expressivas, realizadas por meio da L1 ou, por que não dizer, da L3 e L4, destinadas à obtenção de um tipo de efeitos e de funções comunicativas que a LE não possui. Portanto, seria oportuno falar mais de estratégias de comunicação plurilíngue do que de estratégias de compensação. À luz dos dados levantados, podemos afirmar que, mesmo quando o contexto poderia induzir os alunos a utilizarem com maior probabilidade a L1, não há razões que justifiquem o receio manifestado por professores e alunos, porque, dependendo do tipo de atividade realizada, é provável que seja iniciado um processo de negociação que, sem dúvida, levará ao enriquecimento e à construção da interlíngua. / This research aims to study phenomena of contact between languages that arise in the interactions between learners of Italian as a second language (L2), who have Brazilian Portuguese as first language (L1), while executing a written task in pairs. In particular, we analyze the compensation strategies called conscious transfer that include the insertion of rules and terms of L1 on L2, classified as strategies used by speakers to face communication problems in LE. Namely, they are: code switch, loanwords, literal translation, and transfer. In order to guarantee the data naturalness, we have decided to collect them in an authentic context, that is, in the L2 classroom. The corpus that constitutes this study is comprised of 15 hours of records, which thereafter have been transcript, taken in a class formed by six learners of level B2, enrolled in the undergraduate program of Italian Language and Literature at a university of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For the purpose of classifying and analyzing the communication strategies present in the interactions of learners whose L1 is akin to L2, we used the taxonomy proposed by Dörnyei e Kormos (1998), which intends to reconcile the psychological perspective with the socio-interactive one. The approach adopted for the analysis of dialogical sequences is situated in a space of confluence between disciplines such as ethnography, conversation analysis, and interactionist studies. The analysis of the corpus shows that the learners, in order to accomplish a task, have opted for using the target language instead of L1. The existence of less control by the teacher has increased the occurrence of metalinguistic activities, because it stimulated the interactants, as they tried to be understood, to improve their output by means of a combination of self- and hetero-corrections. However, the use of strategies the compensation strategies called conscious transfer does not seek only to overcome specific linguistic obstacles. Indeed, the interlanguage of the observed learners features a dynamic and hybrid space in permanent construction, a space disputed by exolinguism comprised of all the strategies for compensating linguistic gaps due to the lack of proper resources to express oneself in L2 and bilinguism characterized by discursive strategies as well as by eminently expressive ones, which are accomplished using L1 or, so to speak, L3 and L4, and destined to obtaining a kind of effects and communicative functions that L2 does not possess. Therefore, we are convinced that it is more a case of plurilingual communication strategies than of compensation strategies. In light of the collected data we can state that, even when the context could induce a greater probability that learners used L1, there are no reasons that justify the concern manifested by teachers and students, because depending on the type of activity performed, it is probable that it will be initiated a process of negotiation that, with no doubt, shall lead to an enrichment and to the construction of interlanguage.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:11:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Fatima Barros Silva.pdf: 1557576 bytes, checksum: ce20b3a964007859322e60682cfdec86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-30 / The information is a necessity of our times, reaches different areas of knowledge and is present in daily life of everyone. Any public institution that does not prioritize communication tends to be retroactive in its productivity. Thus, participatory and democratic leadership is of paramount importance for both internal communication with regard to the relationship between employees, and externally, to keep up with technological advances of the globalized market. Every organization to achieve its mission to encourage dialogue, exchange of information between the executive management and operational base in pursuit of quality of products or services. This study examined the process of communication in Campus Manaus Industrial District of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas - CMDI / IFAM, identifying organizational strategies that minimize barriers identified in the communication process that institution and result in productivity improvements. This research sought to make a diagnosis of the communication process in CMDI / IFAM that identified bottlenecks of internal communication and developed a new flowchart, based on Blue Ocean strategy, proposing actions that optimize communication in the institution, making a retelling of communication with based on two fundamental supports that go together: social and technological . The use of the Blue Ocean theory is justified by integrating functional and operational activities of communication by proposing a new value curve from the existing reality to, through the model of the four actions, eliminate points considered essential to communication, reduce those below established standards, raise that should be above the standards and create attributes never offered by the communications sector. In order to have achieved the goals outlined a case study was conducted, with the universe for all servers in the CMDI / IFAM which were investigated through questionnaires consisting of open and closed questions, providing data that allowed us to evaluate the process of communication will be effected through the application of tools that enable institutional change and growth, targeted for an open, transparent and credible communication. / A informação é uma necessidade dos novos tempos, atinge diversas áreas do conhecimento e está presente no cotidiano de todos. Qualquer instituição pública que não priorize a comunicação tende a retroagir em sua produtividade. Assim, uma liderança participativa e democrática é de suma importância para a comunicação tanto interna, no que se refere ao relacionamento entre funcionários; quanto externa, para acompanhar os avanços tecnológicos do mercado globalizado. Toda organização para alcançar sua missão deve estimular o diálogo, a troca de informações entre a gestão executiva e a base operacional na busca da qualidade dos produtos ou serviços. Este estudo analisou o processo da comunicação no Campus Manaus Distrito Industrial do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas CMDI/IFAM, identificando estratégias organizacionais que minimizem entraves identificados no processo comunicacional dessa instituição e resultem em melhorias de produtividade. Essa pesquisa buscou fazer um diagnóstico do processo da comunicação no CMDI/IFAM que identificou gargalos da comunicação interna e elaborou um novo fluxograma, com base na estratégia do Oceano Azul, propondo ações que otimizem a comunicação na instituição, fazendo uma releitura da comunicação, com base em dois suportes fundamentais que se completam: o social e o tecnológico. A utilização da teoria do Oceano Azul justifica-se por integrar atividades funcionais e operacionais da comunicação, propondo uma nova curva de valor a partir da realidade existente para, por meio do modelo das quatro ações, eliminar pontos considerados indispensáveis à comunicação, reduzir aqueles abaixo dos padrões estabelecidos, elevar os que devem estar acima dos padrões e criar atributos nunca oferecidos pelo setor de comunicação. Para que fossem alcançados os objetivos delineados foi realizado um estudo de caso, tendo como universo de pesquisa todos os servidores do CMDI/IFAM que foram investigados por meio de questionários constituídos de perguntas abertas e fechadas, fornecendo dados que permitiram avaliar o processo da comunicação que será efetivada através da aplicação de ferramentas que possibilitem mudanças e crescimento institucional, direcionados para uma comunicação aberta, transparente e de credibilidade.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Translation Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The study focuses on communication during consultations between English-speaking foreign medical doctors, patients and nurses as interpreters in the Limpopo province. It aims to identify and describe the communication strategies, politeness strategies, influence of gender on the communication process as well as a review of the policy on language practice in the hospitals with a view to suggesting amendments. Through a field work carried out in 10 public health facilities in Limpopo province, the study adopts an eclectic research method of semi-structured interviews, audio recording, and observation in the collection of data. Thirty-five patients, thirteen nurses and nineteen medical doctors are involved in the study. All the interviews and audio recordings were transcribed and translated wherever needed. Collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Nvivo softwares. Results showed that many foreign doctors were frustrated that they could not communicate directly with patients because they could not speak the indigenous language and the assumption that most patients could communicate in English often turned out to be erroneous. The hospitals are ill equipped to deal with the language problems. The linguistic barrier made it difficult to give equal medical care to all patients and doctors resorted to avoidance strategies in selecting patients. Five consultations types based on the turn-taking were identified. These are clarification, continuation, convergence, knowledge and avoidance strategies. The study also reveals that the doctors use more positive politeness strategies when communicating with the patients and nurses. Gender was found to influence the choice of communication strategies by the foreign doctors. The inadequacies of the National Department of Health Language Practice Policy are highlighted and suggestions are made towards its amendment. KEY CONCEPTS English-speaking foreign medical doctors, communication strategies, politeness strategies, gender, language policy, interpreters.

<p>Att ta ett större ansvar inom miljömässiga, ekonomiska och sociala frågor blir en allt viktigare punkt på många företags agendor, och en allt betydelsefullare aspekt för konsumenter att ta hänsyn till när de överväger köp av produkter eller tjänster. Företagsansvar, internationellt benämnt som corporate social responsibility eller CSR, har också fått ett genombrott bland myndigheter och andra officiella organ såsom FN och EU, som jobbar för att underlätta för företag genom olika riktlinjer och redovisnings­standarder för CSR. Fristående intresseorganisationer har också en viktig del i CSR-frågan, både som samarbetspartner och som granskare. Många av företagens intressenter är intresserade just av statistik och resultat, men hur kommunicerar ett konsumentföretag till sina kunder att de satsar på CSR-frågor? Hur kan företag använda av olika typer av strategier, kanaler och budskap för att stärka sitt varumärke och nå ut med sitt ansvarstagande? Trots att arbetet med CSR ofta föregås av noggranna strategiska överväganden och diskussioner om hur CSR påverkar varumärket, är det inte alla företag som har en tydlig plan för hur de ska kommunicera CSR mot konsumenter.</p><p>Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur kommunikationen kring företags CSR-arbete sker, ser ut och uppfattas hos den intressentgrupp som företagets produkter eller tjänster riktar sig mot ­– konsu­menterna. I en form av nulägesanalys har fallstudier utförts på två svenska konsumentföretag, Arla och Löfbergs Lila, som båda har inledda CSR-åtaganden och har certifierade produkter i sitt sortiment. I fallstudierna ingick djupintervjuer med företagens CSR-ansvariga, kvalitativa innehålls­analyser av deras marknadsföringsmaterial och en enkätundersökning om konsumenternas kännedom och agerande inom området samt deras uppfattning av fallstudieföretagens ansvarstagande. Kopplat till en referens­ram innehållandes teorier om CSR som begrepp, CSR i dagens samhälle och hur CSR-orienterad kommunikation kan ske har frågor och modeller för dessa metoder tagits fram och analyserats.</p><p>Analysen visar på att inget av företagen ännu har en tydlig strategi för sin CSR-kommunikation. Företagen har implementerat CSR-arbetet väl internt inom företaget, men kommunicerar bara i liten utsträckning externt mot konsumenter. Det finns en svårighet i att involvera konsumenter i CSR-frågan och låta denna dialog influera och ingå i CSR-kommunika­tionen. Båda företagen ger tillgång till mycket information kring sitt ansvarstagande via sina webbsidor, men webbsidornas information tycks inte nå fram till konsumenterna då de inte är en välintegrerad del av marknadsföringen. Primärt knyts CSR-värden till företagens pro­dukter, och konsumenter relaterar företagens ansvarstagande med deras certifierade produkter framför­allt. Företagen använder sig av olika typer av kommunikations­budskap, vilka i Arlas fall är för vaga och visionsfokuserade, och i Löfbergs Lilas fall har svårt att väcka känslor för varumärket och ansvarstagandet. Konsumenterna visar på ett intresse för att agera i ansvars­frågor samt en viss kunskap inom området, men när det kommer till hur de uppfattar företagens ansvars­tagande finns det en stor osäkerhet och låg kännedom om vad företagen faktiskt gör inom CSR-området. En stor del av respondenterna har inte fått reda på någon information om hur företagen tar ansvar, och det är ännu inte många bland konsumenterna som aktivt söker upp information eller deltar i en dialog med företagen.</p> / <p>To take greater responsibility in environmental, economic and social issues is an increasingly important item on many companies' agendas, and an increasingly important aspect for consumers to take into account when considering purchase of a product or a service. This field, internationally called corporate social responsibility or CSR, has also made a breakthrough among authorities and other official orga­nizations such as the UN and the EU, which are facilitating for companies engaging in CSR by provi­ding various guidelines and accounting standards for CSR. Non-governmental organizations are also an important part of the CSR issue, both as partners and as reviewers. Many of the companies' stakehol­ders are interested in statistics and results, but how do consumer businesses communicate to their customers that they are investing in CSR issues? How can companies use different kinds of strategies, channels and messages to strengthen their brand and make the public notice their responsibility? Although the work with CSR is often preceded by careful strategic considerations and discussions about how CSR affects the brand, not all companies have a clear plan how to communicate CSR to consumers.</p><p>This thesis paper aims to examine how information concerning the companies' CSR initiatives is communicated, designed and perceived by the stakeholder group which the products or services are made for – the consumers. In the form of a situation analysis, case studies have been conducted on two Swedish consumer companies, Arla and Löfbergs Lila, both of which have initiated CSR commitments and have certified products in their range. The case studies included interviews with corporate CSR managers, qualitative content analysis of the companies' marketing materials and a survey of consumer knowledge and behavior in CSR issues as well as of the customers' view of the case study companies' responsibility. Linked to a theoretical framework including theories of CSR as a concept, CSR in today's society and how CSR-oriented communication can be designed, the issues and models for these methods have been developed and analyzed.</p><p>The analysis shows that neither of the companies have a clear strategy for their CSR communication. The companies have implemented CSR well within the organisation, but communicate only to a small extent externally. There is a difficulty in involving consumers in CSR issues and making this dialogue influence and be part of the CSR communication. Both companies provide access to much information about their responsibility through their web pages, but this information does not appear to reach consumers as the web pages are not well-integrated in the marketing. Primarily, the CSR values are connected to the companies' products, and consumers in particular relate the companies' CSR involvement to their certified products. The companies use different types of communication messages, which in Arla's case are too vague and vision focused, and in Löfbergs Lila's case have difficulties to arouse fee­lings for the brand and the CSR issues. Consumers show an interest to act on CSR issues and have a certain knowledge in the field, but when it comes to how they perceive the companies' CSR initiatives, there is a great uncertainty and low knowledge of what companies actually do in the CSR field. A large proportion of the respondents has not found out any information about how the companies are taking responsibility, and it is at this time not many among the consumers who actively seek out information or participate in a dialogue regarding CSR issues with companies.</p>

Kunskap och förståelse för kommunikation och interaktion mellan sjuksköterskan och barn/föräldrar är nödvändigt för att förbättra patientsäkerheten. Alla har rätt att få information utifrån sina egna förutsättningar, individanpassad information. Litteraturstudiens syfte var att belysa kommunikationens betydelse för föräldrars delaktighet i barnets vård. Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar hittades vilket matchade syftet. Slutsatserna i artikelresultaten ledde fram till följande kategorier: omgivande faktorer, sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt och kommunikationsstrategier. Faktorer som påverkar kommunikationen och föräldrars delaktighet i barnets vård var: tidspress, bemanning, hjälpmedel i form av informationsblad på olika språk, sagor och tolk. Även förmågan att individanpassa informationen utifrån förälderns kunskapsnivå utifrån deras situation framkom som viktigt. Kommunikationsstrategier som fungerade var att upprepa information på ett enkelt språk och att föräldern återberättade. En öppen och personlig attityd hos sjuksköterskan gjorde att föräldern kände sig delaktig. Användandet av nutidens teknik inom vården bör öka. Forskning kring olika skattningsinstrument av föräldrarnas läs- och skrivförmåga, och deras "health literacy", känns angeläget att fokusera på för att anpassas till svenska förhållanden.

In the present study, the institutional discourse in health care was examined, focusing onspeech therapists and occupational therapists in interaction with a common patient withaphasia. The purpose of the present study was to identify common communication strategiesused in the professional conversation between a speech therapist and a patient and between anoccupational therapist and the same patient. Specific research questions were: Whatcommunicative strategies are used in interaction between a speech therapist and a patient withaphasia and between the occupational therapist and the same patient? Are theredifferences/similarities between how speech therapists and occupational therapists interactwith patients with aphasia?Six people in total, two patients in interaction with a speech therapist and an occupationaltherapist respectively, were recorded during treatment sessions of each profession. Generaland specific aspects of the institutional interaction were then analysed according to principlesof conversation analysis.Similarities in the use of closed questions as a strategy to increase the effectiveness ininteraction could be seen between the two different professions studied. The use ofevaluations in interaction was also relatively similar between the two occupations.Some differences were identified in the ways that each profession used repetitious behavior,co-constructions and non-verbal communication. In terms of use of communication aids tosupport the patient's understanding, clear differences between the professions were observed. / I föreliggande studie undersöks det institutionella samtalet inom vården, med inriktning pålogoped och arbetsterapeut i samspel med gemensam patient. Syftet med studien var attkartlägga de vanligt förekommande kommunikativa strategier som används i detprofessionella samtalet mellan logoped och patient med afasi samt mellan arbetsterapeut ochsamma patient. Specifika frågeställningar var: Vilka kommunikativa strategier används isamtal mellan logoped och patient med afasi och i relationen mellan arbetsterapeut ochsamma patient? Finns det skillnader/likheter mellan hur logopeder och arbetsterapeuterinteragerar med patienter som har afasi?Två patienter i interaktion med varsin logoped och varsin arbetsterapeut, sex personer totalt,spelades in under patientens behandlingstillfällen hos respektive profession. Generella ochspecifika aspekter av det institutionella samtalet analyserades sedan enligt samtalsanalytiskaprinciper.Likheter i användandet av slutna frågor som strategi för att effektivisera kommunikationenkunde ses mellan yrkeskategorierna i studien. Även användandet av utvärderingar var relativtlika mellan yrkesgrupperna.Vissa skillnader synliggjordes i respektive yrkesgrupps sätt att använda repetitioner,reparationer, samkonstruktioner och icke-verbal kommunikation. Gällande användande avkommunikativa hjälpmedel som stöd för patientens förståelse, sågs tydliga skillnader mellanyrkeskategorierna.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the editorial staff from the Swedish radio program Morgonpasset i P3 and the Norwegian radio program P3morgen uses Facebook and Twitter and how they can use social media as a tool in the production. The purpose is also to examine how active both of the editorial staff are on Facebook and Twitter and which kind of language they use on Facebook and Twitter. The radio programs both work under a lot of similar conditions and are both controlled by public service in both countries. To conduct the study qualitative interviews was performed with the web editor Christoffer Malm from Morgonpasset i P3 and the radio presenter Silje Nordnes from P3morgen in combination with a quantitative content analysis. The study was conducted over a limited period of the autumn of 2013. The essay is based on theories on strategic communications, public relations and language in social media. The result of this study shows that both of the editorial staff uses Facebook and Twitter to create a relationship with the listeners and also to create an on-going dialog. The editorial staff at Morgonpasset i P3 are more active on social media then the editorial staff at P3morgen. Both of the radio programs editorial staff is using a young, non-bureaucratically language on Facebook and Twitter. This study also shows that the public service organisation SR in Sweden have a more worked out strategy plan for how to use Facebook and Twitter than the public service organisation NRK in Norway have.