Vård- och omsorgspersonal påverkas i dagsläget av hög stressrelaterad ohälsa, samtidigt som få interventioner implementeras för att hantera det. Studiens syfte var att utforska vård- och omsorgspersonals upplevelse av en internetbaserad stresshanteringskurs utifrån compassionfokuserad terapi med fokus på kursens genomförbarhet och hur den påverkat hantering av arbete och vardagligt liv. Flertalet regioner i Sverige representerades av elva deltagare som arbetade med direkt patientkontakt inom vård- och omsorg. Deltagarna besvarade frågeformulären Treatment Credibility Scale och “Utvärdering av stresshanteringskursen”. Sju deltagare deltog även i en semistrukturerad intervju som syftade till att utforska upplevelsen av kursen. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys samt deskriptiv sammanställning av frågeformulären. Resultatet påvisade att kursen hade hög genomförbarhet som ökade deltagarnas upplevda stresshantering. Alla deltagarna beskrev nya förhållningssätt utifrån bland annat ökade insikter och nya färdigheter. Studiens resultat indikerar att en liknande kurs kan implementeras i större skala för att öka vård- och omsorgspersonals hantering av stress samt öka välmående. / Care and nursing staff are currently affected by high-stress-related health issues, while few interventions are implemented to handle it. The purpose of the study was to explore care and nursing staff´s experiences of an internet-based stress management course based on compassion-focused therapy with a focus on the course's feasibility and how it affected coping of work and everyday life stress. Some regions in Sweden were represented by eleven participants who worked with direct patient contact in healthcare. Participants answered the questionnaires Treatment Credibility Scale and “Evaluation of the stress management course”. Seven participants also participated in a semi-structured interview which aimed to explore the experience of the course. The material was analyzed with qualitative content analysis and a descriptive compilation of the questionnaires. The results showed that the course had high feasibility that increased the participants' stress management. All participants described new approaches based on, for instance, increased insights and new skills. The results of the study indicate that a similar course can be implemented to a greater extent to increase care and nursing staff's coping of stress and well-being. / ICOP

Denna essä har som syfte att undersöka hur diagnosen klimatångest hos unga har dimensioner som kan vara svåra att möta i en klassisk vårdmiljö. Det finns frågor av etisk och existentiell natur som behöver bemötas och besvaras. Det är inte bara hos klienten som dessa uppstår utan även hos den behandlande terapeuten. Denna essä är ett försök att rikta ljuset mot några av de aspekter som en behandlande terapeut eller annan personal kan behöva ta hänsyn till i sitt praktiska handlande till vardags.   Den belyser frågor som neutralitet, objektivitet, autenticitet och medkänsla. Den andra delen av essän behandlar frågan om professionellt och personligt ansvar och resonerar kring frågor om skuld, kollektiv ansvar, utvidgat ansvar och om terapirummets offentlighet och avskildhet. / The purpose of this essay is to examine how the diagnosis of climate anxiety in young people has dimensions that can be difficult to meet in the classic healthcare environment. There are questions of an ethical and existential nature that need to be addressed and answered. This essay is an attempt to shed light on some of the aspects that a clinical therapist or other clinical professions may need to take into account in their everyday practical actions. It highlights issues such as neutrality, objectivity, authenticity and compassion. The second part of the essay deals with the question of professional and personal responsibility and reasons around issues of guilt, collective responsibility, extended responsibility and about the publicness and privacy of the therapy room.

I idrottsvärlden är det vanligt förekommande att utövare upplever krav och press från sin omgivning, vilket vid misslyckanden ofta leder till en hög grad av självkritiska tankar. I sammanhanget har självmedkänsla visat sig vara en hjälpsam strategi för att hantera negativa tankar, men relativt lite forskning inom denna domän återfinns inom den idrottsliga kontexten. Vidare indikerar aktuell forskning att effekten av självmedkänsla påverkas av anknytningsstil. Således var syftet med denna experimentella studie att undersöka om en kortvarig intervention med fokus på självmedkänsla kan påverka grad av självkritiska tankar hos kvinnliga fotbollsspelare, samt om spelarnas anknytningsstil kan predicera förmågan att framgångsrikt ta till sig interventionen.  Urvalet bestod av aktiva kvinnliga fotbollsspelare i åldrarna 15–31 år (N=74) från sex lag som randomiserades till en interventionsgrupp, respektive kontrollgrupp. För att besvara frågeställningarna användes självskattningsformulären Self-compassion Scale Athlete Version (SCS-AV), Self-criticism Scale Athlete Version (SC-AV) samt Experiences in Close Relationships - Relationship Structures questionnaire (ECR-RS). Varians- och regressionsanalyser visade att interventionen signifikant påverkat deltagarnas upplevda grad av mindfulness och samhörighet, samt att grad av undvikande anknytning kan predicera deltagarnas upplevda omsorg och vänlighet mot sig själv. Sammanfattningsvis ger studien visst stöd till att en korttidsbaserad intervention i självmedkänsla kan ge gynnsamma effekter på kvinnliga fotbollsspelares självmedkänsla. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på vad som är verksamma mekanismer i interventioner av självmedkänsla i en idrottspopulation för att åstadkomma goda och reliabla behandlingsutfall. / In the sports world, it is common for practitioners to experience demands and pressure from their surroundings, which in the event of failure often leads to a high degree of self-critical thoughts. In this context, self-compassion has been shown to be a helpful strategy for dealing with negative thoughts, but relatively little research in this domain is found within the sporting context. Furthermore, current research indicates that the effect of self-compassion is influenced by attachment style. Thus, the aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether a short-term intervention focusing on self-compassion can affect the degree of self-critical thoughts in female soccer players, as well as whether the players' attachment style can predict the ability to successfully adopt the intervention. The sample consisted of active female soccer players aged 15-31 years (N=74) from six teams who were randomized to an intervention group and a control group, respectively. To answer the questions, the assessment forms Self-compassion Scale Athlete Version (SCS-AV), Self-criticism Scale Athlete Version (SC-AV) and Experiences in Close Relationships - Relationship Structures questionnaire (ECR-RS) were used. Variance and regression analysis showed that the intervention significantly affected the participants' perceived degree of mindfulness and common humanity, and that the degree of avoidant attachment can predict the participants' perceived self-kindness. In summary, this study provides some support that a short-term self-compassion intervention can have beneficial effects on female soccer players' self-compassion. Future research should focus on the mechanisms at work in self-compassion interventions in an athletic population to achieve good treatment and reliability outcomes.

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da Terapia Focada na Compaixão em grupo no transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Desenho: Estudo randomizado controlado, cego, dois braços paralelos, no grupo controle a Terapia de Apoio em grupo (TA-G) e no grupo experimental a Terapia Focada na Compaixão em grupo (TFC-G). Duração e frequência: Os dois grupos receberam oito sessões semanais de 90 minutos e, caso necessário, tratamento psiquiátrico. Todos preencheram escalas de avaliação, antes (T-1), depois da terapia (T-2) e no seguimento de três meses (T-3). Oitenta e sete pacientes foram randomizados (TA-G=44 e TFC-G=43) e sessenta e um pacientes completadores foram analisados (TA-G=30 e TFC-G=31). Resultados: Os pacientes melhoraram significativamente e não houve efeito de interação entre os grupos e os tempos, exceto na escala de trauma CAPS-5, F (1, 171) = 4,35, p = 0,041. Houve uma diminuição expressiva, comparando a média do T-3 em relação ao T-1, nos dois grupos (TA-G e TFC-G, respectivamente) nas escalas: CAPS-5 de trauma (24,40 e 29,77), DTS de trauma (31,83 e 33,94), BDI de depressão (9,77 e 12,06), BAI de ansiedade (7,33 e 8,23), BHS de desesperança (3,53 e 3,55), ATQ-N de pensamentos automáticos negativos (15,67 e 14,90), OAS de vergonha (8,20 e 7,68), FSCS de autocrítica (9,07 e 6,71) e aumento na escala ATQ-P de pensamentos automáticos positivos (10,96 e 16,36) e SCS de autocompaixão (0,50 e 0,52). Conclusões: A significativa melhora dos pacientes comprova a importância da terapia em grupo no tratamento do TEPT. A redução de 30 pontos na escala de trauma CAPS-5, em apenas oito semanas, somente no grupo da Terapia Focada na Compaixão, é uma evidência robusta de que este modelo de tratamento focado na compaixão, vergonha, culpa e autocrítica, é seguro, eficaz e uma esperançosa opção no tratamento de pessoas que vivenciaram eventos traumáticos / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Group Compassion-Focused Therapy in posttraumatic stress disorder. Design: A randomized controlled trial, blind study, with two parallel arms, control group with Supportive Therapy Group (SUP-G) and experimental group with Compassion-Focused Therapy Group (CFT-G). Duration: The two groups received eight weekly sessions of 90 minutes and, if necessary, psychiatric treatment. All patients completed evaluation scales, before (T-1), after therapy (T-2) and in three months follow-up (T-3). Eighty-seven patients were randomized (SUP-G=44 and CFT-G=43) and sixty-one completers were analyzed (SUP-G=30 and CFT-G=31). Results: Patients improved significantly and there was no interaction effect between groups and times, except for the trauma scale CAPS-5, F (1, 171) = 4.35, p = 0.041. There was an expressive decrease, comparing the mean of T-3 in the relation to T-1, in both groups (SUP-G and CFT-G, respectively) in the scales: trauma CAPS-5 (24,40 and 29,77), trauma DTS (31,83 and 33,94), depression BDI (9,77 and 12,06), anxiety BAI (7,33 and 8,23), hopelessness BHS (3,53 and 3,55), automatic negative thoughts ATQ-N (15,67 and 14,90), shame OAS (8,20 and 7,68), self-critical FSCS (9,07 and 6,71) and an increase in the scales of automatic positive thoughts ATQ-P (10,96 and 16,36) and self-compassion SCS (0,50 and 0,52). Conclusions: Significant improvements in the patients confirm the importance of group therapy in PTSD treatment. The 30-point CAPS-5 trauma scale reduction, in eight weeks only, in the Compassion-Focused Therapy group alone, is robust evidence that this treatment model focused on compassion, shame, guilt and self-criticism, is safe, effective and a hopeful option in treating people who have experienced traumatic events

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da Terapia Focada na Compaixão em grupo no transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Desenho: Estudo randomizado controlado, cego, dois braços paralelos, no grupo controle a Terapia de Apoio em grupo (TA-G) e no grupo experimental a Terapia Focada na Compaixão em grupo (TFC-G). Duração e frequência: Os dois grupos receberam oito sessões semanais de 90 minutos e, caso necessário, tratamento psiquiátrico. Todos preencheram escalas de avaliação, antes (T-1), depois da terapia (T-2) e no seguimento de três meses (T-3). Oitenta e sete pacientes foram randomizados (TA-G=44 e TFC-G=43) e sessenta e um pacientes completadores foram analisados (TA-G=30 e TFC-G=31). Resultados: Os pacientes melhoraram significativamente e não houve efeito de interação entre os grupos e os tempos, exceto na escala de trauma CAPS-5, F (1, 171) = 4,35, p = 0,041. Houve uma diminuição expressiva, comparando a média do T-3 em relação ao T-1, nos dois grupos (TA-G e TFC-G, respectivamente) nas escalas: CAPS-5 de trauma (24,40 e 29,77), DTS de trauma (31,83 e 33,94), BDI de depressão (9,77 e 12,06), BAI de ansiedade (7,33 e 8,23), BHS de desesperança (3,53 e 3,55), ATQ-N de pensamentos automáticos negativos (15,67 e 14,90), OAS de vergonha (8,20 e 7,68), FSCS de autocrítica (9,07 e 6,71) e aumento na escala ATQ-P de pensamentos automáticos positivos (10,96 e 16,36) e SCS de autocompaixão (0,50 e 0,52). Conclusões: A significativa melhora dos pacientes comprova a importância da terapia em grupo no tratamento do TEPT. A redução de 30 pontos na escala de trauma CAPS-5, em apenas oito semanas, somente no grupo da Terapia Focada na Compaixão, é uma evidência robusta de que este modelo de tratamento focado na compaixão, vergonha, culpa e autocrítica, é seguro, eficaz e uma esperançosa opção no tratamento de pessoas que vivenciaram eventos traumáticos / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Group Compassion-Focused Therapy in posttraumatic stress disorder. Design: A randomized controlled trial, blind study, with two parallel arms, control group with Supportive Therapy Group (SUP-G) and experimental group with Compassion-Focused Therapy Group (CFT-G). Duration: The two groups received eight weekly sessions of 90 minutes and, if necessary, psychiatric treatment. All patients completed evaluation scales, before (T-1), after therapy (T-2) and in three months follow-up (T-3). Eighty-seven patients were randomized (SUP-G=44 and CFT-G=43) and sixty-one completers were analyzed (SUP-G=30 and CFT-G=31). Results: Patients improved significantly and there was no interaction effect between groups and times, except for the trauma scale CAPS-5, F (1, 171) = 4.35, p = 0.041. There was an expressive decrease, comparing the mean of T-3 in the relation to T-1, in both groups (SUP-G and CFT-G, respectively) in the scales: trauma CAPS-5 (24,40 and 29,77), trauma DTS (31,83 and 33,94), depression BDI (9,77 and 12,06), anxiety BAI (7,33 and 8,23), hopelessness BHS (3,53 and 3,55), automatic negative thoughts ATQ-N (15,67 and 14,90), shame OAS (8,20 and 7,68), self-critical FSCS (9,07 and 6,71) and an increase in the scales of automatic positive thoughts ATQ-P (10,96 and 16,36) and self-compassion SCS (0,50 and 0,52). Conclusions: Significant improvements in the patients confirm the importance of group therapy in PTSD treatment. The 30-point CAPS-5 trauma scale reduction, in eight weeks only, in the Compassion-Focused Therapy group alone, is robust evidence that this treatment model focused on compassion, shame, guilt and self-criticism, is safe, effective and a hopeful option in treating people who have experienced traumatic events

Studien undersöker utmaningar inom socialtjänstens arbete med barnutredningar och relationen till föräldrar, specifikt när relationen till föräldrar inte blir produktiv och snarare hindrar utredningsarbetet. Konsekvenser av en dålig relation kan vara att barnet blir osynligt i processen då fokus hamnar på föräldrars problematik och känsloliv, samt att barnets situation inte kan utredas och barnet riskerar att fara illa. Studien är kvalitativ och använder sig av semi-strukturerade intervjuer som tolkats ur begrepp från compassion-fokuserad terapi. Studien har genomförts med en deduktiv ansats och en tematisk analys. Resultat visar att relationens problem ofta handlar om föräldrars känsloliv och primitiva affektsystem, vilket beror på biologiskt och evolutionärt naturliga reaktioner i situationer där föräldraskapet hotas. Möjligtvis kan socialsekreterare bemöta föräldrar på ett mer ödmjukt sätt om de har en generell kunskap om hur affektsystemen påverkar föräldrar i mötet med socialtjänsten samt låta föräldrarnas affekt vara en del av processen. / This study examines the challenges that social workers in the child protective services face in relations to parents, specifically when the relationship with parents become problematic and hinders the investigation. The consequences of a bad relationship can be that the child becomes invisible in the investigation process because the problems and feelings of parents stand in the way. There is also the risk that the living situation of the child is left undiscovered and that harm may come the child. This is a qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews, analyzed through terms from compassion-focused therapy. The study used a deductive approach with a thematic analysis. The result shows that problems in the relationship often come from the feelings of parents and how they are effected by primitive affects that can be explained by biology and evolution. These reactions are natural in these circumstances regarding how parents might feel threatened in their parental status. Social secretaries might be able to treat parents in a humbler manner, with a general knowledge of how parents react according to primitive affects when meeting the child protective services, and maybe let the feelings of parent be a part of the process.