Η μηχανοργάνωση των φορέων υγείας αποτελεί προαπαιτούμενο για τη βελτίωση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών τους ως προς τους πολίτες. Αν και η διεργασία έχει καθυστερήσει σημαντικά, φαίνεται πως οι εμπλεκόμενοι έχουν αντιληφθεί τη σπουδαιότητα της και πλέον ήδη βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη προγράμματα προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση. Η ορθοπαιδική κλινική του ΠΓΝΠ, αποτελεί υπόδειγμα στο συγκεκριμένο τομέα καθώς ήδη από δεκαετίας έχει ηλεκτρονικό αρχείο με βασικά στοιχεία των ασθενών που νοσηλεύτηκαν, ενώ το 2005 πήγε ένα βήμα παραπέρα και επέκτεινε τη μηχανοργάνωση της με ηλεκτρονικό φάκελο υγείας ασθενή, εντάσοντας και τις απεικονιστικές εξετάσεις. Στο παρόν κείμενο στην εισαγωγή γίνεται μια ανάλυση της υπάρχουσας κατάστασης και μια λεπτομερής περιγραφή των προγραμμάτων που βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη σχετικά με το θέμα. Δίνεται μια εξήγηση για την υστέρηση που έχει παρουσιαστεί και τα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζουν ανάλογα εγχειρήματα. Στην ενότητα 4 περιγράφεται σε γενικές γραμμές η εφαρμογή (λογισμικό) που εγκαταστάθηκε στην ορθοπαιδική κλινική και πως αυτή μηχανογραφεί της λειτουργικές διαδικασίες που ακολουθούνται στην καθημερινότητα του τμήματος. Στην επόμενη ενότητα η αναφορά εστιάζει περισσότερο στο “μικρόκοσμο” της κλινικής. Μιλάει με στατιστικά στοιχεία για το προσφερόμενο έργο της και ουσιαστικά αναλύει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο έγνε η εφαρμογή της μηχανοργάνωσης. Πώς ξεπεράστηκαν προβλήματα, τι χειρισμοί έγιναν με το προσωπικό, τι διαρθωτικές αλλαγές έγιναν ώστε να δημιουργηθεί ένα νέο τμήμα που ανέλαβε να κάνει το data entry. Η συνέχεια είναι με τις προοπτικές εξέλιξες οι οποίες χάρη σε μια θετική συγκυρία φαντάζουν εξαιρετικά ευοίωνες και στο τέλος παραθέτονται κάποια τεχνικά παραρτήματα που αφορούν περισσότερο το προσωπικό της κλινικής κι έχουν στόχο τη μετάδοση γνώσεων που θα βοηθήσουν στην εύρυθμη λειτουργία. / Computerization of health organizations consists precondition for the improvement of provided health services to citizens. Despite the process has an important delay, it seems the concerned parts are aware of the importance and projects aiming on this direction running already. The clinic of Orthopaedics at University Hospital of Patras, insists a positive sample in this sector. Since 90’s keeps a basic electronic database of patients’ data and in 2005 stepped forward adding health records and imaging platings (PAKS). Present thesis makes an analysis of present status and a description of relative projects in progress. An explanation for the hysteresis is given and solutions for past resolved problems. In chapter 4 presented the installed software in the clinic of Orthopaedics and how it is engaged with the procedures taking place in day life. In the next chapter the present thesis focuses on the clinic. It speaks in the language of statistics for the offered work towards the society and analysis the steps followed for the project of computerization. Finishing with the potential for evolution which seems to be very high thanks to a trend.

Le commerce international ne cesse de se développer avec l'évolution des technologies de l'information de nos jours. Le crédit documentaire, qui est un instrument de règlement du prix de prestations commerciales entre un vendeur exportateur et un acheteur importateur, fait partie du domaine touché par l'évolution électronique. C'est la raison pour laquelle la Chambre de commerce international de Paris a adopté récemment le Guide sur le crédit documentaire informatisé (eRUU), supplément aux règles et usances uniformes (les RUU 500) appliqué aux crédits documentaires. Le crédit documentaire doit être basé sur une grande confiance et une énorme sécurité. Ainsi, la fraude nuit au principe de l'autonomie de la lettre de crédit et détruit le besoin de sécurité qu'elle engendre. Les divergences relatives à certains critères de la fraude et la délimitation des obligations de la banque dans la vérification des documents sur support papier sont assez complexes pour les commerçants internationaux et pour les banques. Et même si la dématérialisation des documents a tendance à diminuer la fraude en la matière, le crédit documentaire dématérialisé serait encore loin d'être réalisé sans difficultés, avec l'émergence directe des tiers dans l'opération. Son analyse exhaustive doit donc continuer sur le plan doctrinal. La délimitation du devoir de la banque dans la recherche de cette fraude électronique, et dans le paiement des documents électroniques deviendrait aussi discutable que celle dans le crédit documentaire traditionnel. Les banques devraient, entre autres, être sensibilisées sur la nécessité de prendre dans les meilleurs délais certaines dispositions, pour permettre à la clientèle des entreprises d'effectuer des présentations ou des réceptions électroniques des documents de la lettre de crédit en conformité avec le règlement eUCP. / The international trade does not cease developing with the evolution of information technology nowadays. The documentary credit, which is an instrument of payment of the price of commercial services between an exporting salesman and an importing purchaser, is part of the field touched by the electronic evolution. This is why the international Chamber of Commerce of Paris recently adopted the Guide on the computerized letter of credit (eRUU), supplement to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (RUU 500). The letter of credit must be based on a great confidence and an enormous safety. Thus, the fraud harms the principle of the autonomy of the letter of credit and destroyes the need for safety which it generates. The divergences relative to certain criteria of the fraud and the delimitation of the obligations of the bank in the checking of the documents on paper medium are complex enough for the international tradesmen and the banks. And even if the dematerialization of the documents tends to decrease the fraud on the matter, the dematerialized credit on security would be still far from being carried out without difficulties, with the direct emergence of the thirds in the operation. Its exhaustive analysis must then continue on the doctrinal level. The delimitation of the duty of the bank in the search for this electronic fraud, and in the payment of the electronic documents would become as debatable as that in the traditional documentary credit. The banks would have to be somewhat sensitized on the need for making certain provisions as soon as possible, to allow companies' customers to carry out presentations or electronic receptions of the documents of the letter of credit in conformity with the eUCP. / "Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit des affaires (LL.M)"

Nya dator– och robotsystem utvecklas ständigt och är på väg in i så gott som alla branscher. En mycket omdiskuterad artikel från USA har med anledning av detta beräknat en så kallad automatiseringssannolikhet för samtliga yrkesgrupper i landet. 2010 gjorde författarna ett försök att förutspå framtiden och drog slutsatsen att 47 procent av alla yrken i USA kommer att försvinna till följd av automatisering under de kommande 20 åren. Denna studie undersöker, med hjälp av måttens svenska motsvarighet, i vilken utsträckning digitaliseringen påverkat sysselsättningsfördelningen i Sverige mellan 2001-2013. Då fler faktorer naturligtvis kan ha betydelse har variabler såsom sannolikhet för att flytta delar av produktionsprocessen utomlands (offshoring) och grad av rutinmässighet (RTI) också tagits med i modellerna. Resultatet visade att det finns ett statistiskt säkerställt samband mellan förändringen i andel sysselsatta i ett yrke och yrkets automatiseringssannolikhet, även om effekten är svag. Ju högre automatiseringssannolikhet ett yrke har, desto sämre har sysselsättningsutvecklingen i termer av yrkets andel av den totala sysselsättningen varit. Även RTI och offshoring uppvisar ett negativt samband med sysselsättningsutvecklingen.

The thesis present usage of information technologies in public sector and is focused on e-procurement. The aim is to inform about possible solutions which increase transparency and efficiency of public tenders. It begins with theoretic aspects of public sector, corrupt conduct, assumptions and barriers of implementing information technologies in the public sector. E-procurement is mentioned together with the European and national approach and both are compared. Furthermore, special tools and systems, which are available in the Czech Republic at all levels of public administration, are described. Finally, the closing part illustrates the usage of e-procurement tools in the environment of particular public authority.

O objetivo desta dissertação de Mestrado é propor a análise do impacto das mudanças tecnológicas na relação entre o capital e o trabalho, especificamente na composição orgânica de ambos, a partir da situação do trabalhador bancário evidenciando a precarização de salários e consequente compressão psicossocial dos trabalhadores desta indústria de serviços, buscando um olhar desta História econômica contemporânea que enxergue as questões políticas e sociais do cotidiano no trabalho qualificado na sociedade informatizada. Para esse intento, veremos a formação do sistema bancário brasileiro, acompanharemos a trajetória do maior banco público brasileiro, o Banco do Brasil, conceituaremos o trabalho imaterial problematizando a apropriação do conhecimento da categoria bancária pelos sistemas informáticos que atendem aos bancos. / The objective of this Master\'s thesis is to propose the analysis of the impact of technological changes on the relation between capital and labor, specifically on the organic composition of both, based on the situation of the banking worker - evidencing the precariousness of wages and consequent psychosocial compression of the workers in this service industry, seeking a look at this contemporary economic history that sees the political and social issues of daily life in the skilled work in the computerized society. For this purpose, we will see the formation of the Brazilian banking system, we will follow the trajectory of the greater Brazilian public bank, Banco do Brasil, we will conceptualize immaterial work and will problematize the appropriation of knowledge of the banking category by the computer systems that serve the banks.

Vertinami šeimos gydytojų kompiuteriniai įgūdžiai ir poreikiai Kauno, Klaipėdos ir Tauragės PSP įstaigose. Taip pat BPG naudojamasis IT darbe; įgūdžių tobulinimo galimybės. / Evaluate computer skills of general physicians and their needs in Kaunas, Klaipėda and Tauragė cities. Also IT needs at their work places, opportunities for computer skills improvement.

This study examines the relations among information technology (IT), workplace organization and the demand for skilled labor. Recently, demand for skilled labor has relatively increased. One of the causes of this great increase is skill- biased technical change. Firms that are intensive users of IT tend to adopt a complementary set of organizational practices that include: decentralization of decision authority and a greater reliance on skill and human capital. I have explored the affects of IT on skill and organizational architecture of firm by using a detailed data which was collected from the aioecam Group of Company. I have tested that IT usage is complementary or substitutionary to a new workplace organization which includes broader job responsibilities, more decentralized decision-making and more self-managing teams together with IT and new organization are complements with worker skill measured in variety of ways.

Com base no estudo da Lei 11, 419 de 19 de dezembro de 2006, conhecida como “Lei do processo eletrônico”, decretada pelo Congresso Nacional, pretende-se contextualizar o desenvolvimento da informatização do judiciário no Brasil, levando em conta as experiências que já vêm ocorrendo não apenas no Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas em diferentes instâncias judiciais do país, por exemplo, nos tribunais localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região e o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul que, em uso de sistemas informáticos, operacionalizam a prestação jurisdicional mediante a transmissão eletrônica de dados com base na Lei 11.419/06. Destaca-se também que a informatização do judiciário comporta celeridade na tramitação de peças processuais, sem desconhecer a adoção de cautelas que garantam suficientemente a segurança das informações relativas ao processo e às partes, o que se constata através da aplicação de assinaturas eletrônicas respaldadas por certificado digital que atende aos requisitos de autenticidade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da Medida Provisória 2.200-2/2001 relativa à criação da Infraestrutura de Chaves Pública Brasileira. Como resultado destas considerações, formula-se um diagnóstico situacional para a implantação de um processo eletrônico em El Salvador. / Based on the study of Law 11, 419 of 19 December 2006, known as the "Law of the electronic process," enacted by Congress, seeks to contextualize the development of computerization of the judiciary in Brazil, taking into account not also the experiences into the Supreme Federal Court, but in differents courts around the country, such as the courts located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: The Federal Court of the 4th Region, the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region and the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in use of computer systems, effectuate the adjudication by the electronic transmission of data based on the Law 11.419/06. Also noteworthy is that the computerization of the judiciary behaves quickly, without ignoring the adoption of safeguards to ensure sufficient security of information relating to the proceedings and the parties, which is verified through the application of electronic signatures supported by digital certificate that meets requirements of authenticity, the legal validity and interoperability of Provisional 2.200-2/2001 on the creation of the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure. As a result of these considerations, it makes up a situation analysis for the deployment of an electronic process in El Salvador.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:42:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_gj_dr_botfca.pdf: 1859734 bytes, checksum: 7ee6ce03252a261c7a2f338d7a784f53 (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver proposta metodológica para a construção de um modelo participativo, através da inclusão digital de membros da agricultura familiar, reunidos em um empreendimento cooperativo, buscando estabelecer um novo ambiente de eficiência para a produção familiar. Partindo da hipótese de que um importante obstáculo para a inserção do pequeno agricultor familiar nos mercados é a mão-de-obra especializada, o capital humano, desenvolveu-se um modelo de treinamento e rastreabilidade para atividades em propriedades familiares. A segunda hipótese prediz, que é possível criar um modelo, cientificamente sustentado por regras amplamente aceitas oriundas da norma de certificação GlobalGAP, que é referência mundial de boas práticas agrícolas. Com a utilização destas regras o modelo procura alcançar a rastreabilidade de produtos e operações agropecuárias, a partir da preservação da identidade da informação entre os elos da cadeia produtiva. O trabalho também faz uso intensivo da tecnologia de informação, ao apresentar sistema informatizado, que unifica módulos de certificação, gerenciamento de operações agrícolas e de comércio eletrônico, tendo em vista minimizar o elevado custo da troca de informações entre os diversos atores envolvidos ao longo da cadeia produtiva. Todos os sistemas foram desenvolvidos com ferramentas gratuitas (Linux, Apache, Mysql, PHP), barateando o desenvolvimento. As rotinas foram projetadas para funcionarem na Internet, como módulos de um gerenciador de conteúdo, onde poderão receber correções, atualizações e melhoramentos. A metodologia de trabalho empregada na criação dos sistemas informatizados foi desenvolvida partindo da implantação de um projeto piloto utilizando a infra-estrutura pública... / The objective of this work is to develop a methodological proposal for the construction of a participative model by means of digital inclusion of family agriculture members, gathered around a cooperative undertaking, seeking to establish a new efficiency environment for family production. Starting from the hypothesis that skilled workforce, the human capital, is an important obstacle for the integration of the small family farmer in markets, we developed a training and traceability model for activities in family properties. The second hypothesis states that it is possible to create a model scientifically corroborated by widely accepted rules stemming from the certification norm GlobalGAP, which is a world reference for good agricultural practices. By using these rules the model seeks to achieve the traceability of agricultural and livestock products and operations by preserving the identity of the information among the links of the production chain. The work also makes extensive use of information technology as it shows a computerized system that unifies certification modules, agricultural operations and electronic commerce management in order to minimize the high cost in the exchange of information among the various actors involved in the production chain. All systems have been developed with free tools (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP), which reduced the costs of development. Routines were projected to work on the Internet as modules of a content management system, where corrections, updates and improvements can be made. The working methodology used in the creation of computerized systems was developed based on a pilot project using public computer infrastructure of the State, the so-called infocenters, in the town of Bom Sucesso de Itararé (latitude 24º19'04 south and longitude... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Com base no estudo da Lei 11, 419 de 19 de dezembro de 2006, conhecida como “Lei do processo eletrônico”, decretada pelo Congresso Nacional, pretende-se contextualizar o desenvolvimento da informatização do judiciário no Brasil, levando em conta as experiências que já vêm ocorrendo não apenas no Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas em diferentes instâncias judiciais do país, por exemplo, nos tribunais localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região e o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul que, em uso de sistemas informáticos, operacionalizam a prestação jurisdicional mediante a transmissão eletrônica de dados com base na Lei 11.419/06. Destaca-se também que a informatização do judiciário comporta celeridade na tramitação de peças processuais, sem desconhecer a adoção de cautelas que garantam suficientemente a segurança das informações relativas ao processo e às partes, o que se constata através da aplicação de assinaturas eletrônicas respaldadas por certificado digital que atende aos requisitos de autenticidade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da Medida Provisória 2.200-2/2001 relativa à criação da Infraestrutura de Chaves Pública Brasileira. Como resultado destas considerações, formula-se um diagnóstico situacional para a implantação de um processo eletrônico em El Salvador. / Based on the study of Law 11, 419 of 19 December 2006, known as the "Law of the electronic process," enacted by Congress, seeks to contextualize the development of computerization of the judiciary in Brazil, taking into account not also the experiences into the Supreme Federal Court, but in differents courts around the country, such as the courts located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: The Federal Court of the 4th Region, the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region and the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in use of computer systems, effectuate the adjudication by the electronic transmission of data based on the Law 11.419/06. Also noteworthy is that the computerization of the judiciary behaves quickly, without ignoring the adoption of safeguards to ensure sufficient security of information relating to the proceedings and the parties, which is verified through the application of electronic signatures supported by digital certificate that meets requirements of authenticity, the legal validity and interoperability of Provisional 2.200-2/2001 on the creation of the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure. As a result of these considerations, it makes up a situation analysis for the deployment of an electronic process in El Salvador.