Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 James Alan dos Santos Franco.pdf: 1255390 bytes, checksum: 468c37ab1da8620ff6aef7cb453a4b72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / It is legitimate that children or adolescents who are under precarious living situation, come to be supported by means of protective measures, including being placed in residential care services, always fulfilling the determinants of Integral Protection. Applying those protective measures without observing the criteria designed to maintain family ties would not be legitimate. This thesis regards to the Concentrated Hearings as a formality built for trying to shorten the stay of the child or adolescent under hostage measures and send him/her to his/her own family or, in special situations, to a surrogate family. Obviously, the Focused Hearing must work under the principles of the contradictory and legal defense, without which we would go back to the Juvenile Code, where retailed practices reigned, justified by the irregular situation of the child or adolescent. We seek ,therefore, to explore speeches of professionals who work directly in Concentrated Hearings, in order to identify their practices - to check if there still are traces of retailing and of prospect illegal situation - and to understand the characteristics of the new working style , guided by the Comprehensive Protection . Based on a qualitative approach, we have analyzed the contents of 05 ( five) recordings made by NCA- PUC, which included the lines of two state judges, two prosecutors, a public defender and a group of about 90 (ninety ) Professional social workers and psychologists who spoke specifically about the Concentrated Hearings. Historically, global society, including the Brazilian one, trod a tortuous pathway until reaching the principles of integral protection of children and adolescent, outdoing the period during which children were treated as objects. As a basis, we have used the jurisdictional practices of the contradictory and the legal defense, current knowledge regarding the irregular situation and retail, the advances on the citizens human rights, and the right of full protection of the child and the adolescent, in order to analyze the current situation of the ACs, held during the implementation of protective measures of institutional home. The content analysis of these professionals speeches showed that the legislative advance determined changes in institutional practices: former orphanages were replaced by institutional homes, which task involved the development of the prospect of full protection of children and adolescents under their responsibility. However, some issues still remain to be overcome: the practices guided by the retail thinking, together with the limitation of public policies and the lack of dissemination of ECA in law courses, cause the law-robe professionals to hinder the advancement of full protection of children and adolescents, especially during the application of protective measure of institutional care. Finally, the ACs reveal an attempt, by the judiciary , to improve the conditions of children and adolescents. At the same time, this confirms our initial hypothesis that, in regard to protective measures, there is disrespect to the constitutional principles of law as to the contradictory and the full defense / É legitimo que crianças ou adolescentes que estejam em situação precária de vida, venham a ser amparados por meio de medidas protetivas, inclusive podendo ser inseridas em serviços de acolhimento institucional, sempre cumprindo os determinantes da Proteção Integral. O que não é legitimo, seria aplicar essas medidas protetivas sem a observância de critérios tendentes à manutenção dos vínculos familiares. Esta dissertação se refere às Audiências Concentradas como formalidade construída para tentar abreviar a permanência da criança ou do adolescente em medida de acolhimento e encaminha-la à sua própria família ou, em situações especiais, a uma família substituta. Obviamente a Audiência Concentrada precisa funcionar obedecendo aos princípios do contraditório e da ampla defesa, sem os quais voltaríamos aos períodos dos Códigos de Menores, onde imperavam práticas menoristas, justificadas pela situação irregular da criança ou do adolescente. Buscamos, assim, explorar falas de profissionais que atuam diretamente nas Audiências Concentradas para identificar, suas práticas - para verificar se ainda existem traços do menorismo e da perspectiva da situação irregular - e apreender traços da nova maneira de trabalhar, norteada pela Proteção Integral. Com base em uma abordagem, qualitativa analisamos o conteúdo de 05 (cinco) gravações realizadas pelo NCA-PUC, sendo que estas incluíam as falas de dois juízes de direito, dois promotores de justiça, uma defensora pública e um grupo de aproximadamente 90 (noventa) profissionais assistentes sociais e psicólogos que falaram especificamente sobre as Audiências Concentradas. Historicamente, a sociedade mundial, incluída a brasileira, trilhou um caminho tortuoso até chegar aos princípios da proteção integral da criança e do adolescente, superando o período em que as crianças eram tratadas como objetos. Utilizamos como embasamento, as práticas jurisdicionais do contraditório e da ampla defesa; os conhecimentos vigentes acerca da situação irregular e do menorismo; os avanços nos direitos humanos dos cidadãos; e o direito à proteção integral à criança e ao adolescente, para realizar uma análise da presente situação das ACs, realizadas por ocasião da execução de medidas protetivas de acolhimento institucional. A análise dos conteúdos das falas dos profissionais mostrou que o avanço legislativo determinou mudanças nas prática institucionais: os antigos orfanatos deram lugar aos serviços de acolhimento institucional com a tarefa de desenvolverem a perspectiva de proteção integral de crianças e adolescentes sob sua responsabilidade. No entanto, ainda restam alguns pontos a serem vencidos: as práticas pautadas pelo ideário menorista que, somadas à limitação de politicas públicas e à falta de disseminação do ECA nos cursos jurídicos, fazem com que os profissionais da toga prejudiquem o avanço da proteção integral da criança e do adolescente, especialmente em situação de aplicação de medida protetiva de acolhimento institucional. Por fim, as ACs revelam uma tentativa, por parte do judiciário, de melhoria nas condições das crianças e dos adolescentes. Ao mesmo tempo, comprovam nossa hipótese inicial de que, no que tange às medidas protetivas, existe um desrespeito aos princípios constitucionais do direito ao contraditório e à ampla defesa

<p>Ekstrakcija zuba je intervencija prilikom koje se zub vadi iz svog leži&scaron;ta u zubnoj alveoli. Rana koja nastaje kao posledica ove intervncije je takvog oblika da njene ivice nije moguće približiti jednu drugoj , te zarasta per secundam intentionem. Ekstrakcija zuba ima za posledicu mnogobrojne promene na tvrdim i mekim tkivima alveolarnog nastavka u periodu od nekoliko meseci do godinu dana nakon intervencije. Savremena stomatologija se i dalje intenzivno bavi proučavanjem procesa zarastanja ekstrakcione rane iz potrebe da se &scaron;to bolje razumeju promene u tkivu koje nastaju po gubitku zuba da bi se mogle prevenirati i/ili usmeriti tako da se omogući kasnija lak&scaron;a protetska rehabilitacija pacijenata. Mnoge studije su pokazale efikasnost faktora rasta u tokom procesa zaceljivanja tkiva.Opisan je veliki broj tehnika za pripremu autolognih krvnih preparata koji sadrže faktore rasta, ali su njihova praktična primena i efikasnost su dalje nejasni zato &scaron;to svaka od ovih metoda dovodi do izrade različitog produkta sa različitom biologijom i potencijalnim indikacijama za upotrebu. Ekstrakcije mandibularnog trećeg molara spadaju u jednu od najče&scaron;ćih intervencija sa kojom se u svom radu svakodnevno sreću oralni i maksilofacijalni hirurzi. Ova hirur&scaron;ka procedura je povezana za postoperativnim efektima koji u velikoj meri utiču na kvalitet života pacijenta kao &scaron;to su bol, trizmus, edem, infekcija i alveolitis. U literaturi postoje dokazi da aplikacija nekog od autolognog krvnog preparata sa visokim sadržajem faktora rasta u određenoj meri može da pobolj&scaron;a proces zarastanja tkiva i da umanji neželjene propratne pojave hirur&scaron;ke intervencije nakon ekstrakcije mandibularnog trećeg molara. Cilj ovog rada je bio da utvrdimo da li primena autolognih krvnih preparata sa koncentrovanim faktorima rasta ubrzava stvaranje ko&scaron;tanog tkiva u ekstrakcionoj rani, kao i da li utiče na učestalost pojave alveolitisa i pojavu aproksimalinih parodontalnih džepova na susednim zubima nakon hirur&scaron;ke ekstrakcije donjeg trećeg molara. Studija je sprovedena kao prospektivna klinička studija split-mouth dizajna. U studiju je bilo uključeno 30 pacijenata kod kojih je indikovana ekstrakcija oba mandibularna treća molara i kod kojih su ovi zubi bilateralno u približno istom položaju u odnosu na drugi donji molar. Nakon hirur&scaron;ke ekstrakcije u jednu alveolu je aplikovan preparat koncentrovanih faktora rasta. Kontrolnu grupu u istraživanju činilo je 30 zubnih alveola u koje nije aplikovan preparat koncentrovanih faktora rasta. U eksperimentalnu grupu spadalo je 30 alveola u koje su aplikovani preparati koncentrovanih faktora rasta nakon ekstrakcije zuba. Pacijentima je prvi obavezan kontrolni pregled zakazivan za 7 dana nakon intervencije, tokom koga su uklanjane suture, a vr&scaron;en je i klinički pregled rane i parodontolo&scaron;kom sondom je proveravana dubina parodontalnog džepa na distalnoj povr&scaron;ini drugog molara. Druga postoperativna kontrola je zakazivana 4 nedelje nakon intervencije, a treća nakon 8 nedelja i na ovim kontrolama je merena dubina parodontalnog džepa na distalnoj povr&scaron;ini drugog molara. Ispitanicima su napravljena tri CBCT snimka operisanih regija i to po sledećoj dinamici- prvi snimak neposredno nakon ekstrakcije zuba, drugi 4 nedelje i treći 8 nedelja po intervenciji. Svaki CBCT snimak je analiziran da bi se prikupili željeni podaci: zapremina &scaron;upljine alveole koja je ostala nakon ekstrakcije zuba i gustina novostvorenog ko&scaron;tanog tkiva, &scaron;to su parametri na osnovu kojih procenjujemo proces zarastanja ko&scaron;tanog tkiva nakon intervencije. Ova metodologija je originalna , obzirom da su do sada kori&scaron;ćene dvodimenzionalne radiografske metode snimanja sa ciljem praćenja ko&scaron;tanog zarastanja nakon ekstrakcije zuba manje precizne i pouzdane. Dobijenu podaci su obrađeni odgovarajućim matematičko-statističkim postupcima. Najznačajniji rezultati istraživanja su zatim tabelarno i grafički prikazani. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata do&scaron;li smo do zaključka da iako primena koncentrovanih faktora rasta dovodi do intenziviranja procesa ko&scaron;tanog zarastanja i smanjenja dubine parodontalnog džepa na distalnoj povr&scaron;ini susednih zuba, ta razlika nije statistički značajna. Obzirom da ni u jednom slučaju nije do&scaron;lo do pojave alveolitisa, nismo mogli zaključiti na koji način primena koncentrovanih faktora rasta utiče na učestalost ove komplikacije.</p> / <p>Tooth extraction is an intervention during which a tooth is removed from its socket. A wound that remains after this is of specific size and shape and it heals per secundam intentionem. Where once was a tooth, in following months and years, a large number of changes in composition of hard and soft tissues occure. Haeling of extraction wound in still in focus of contemporary dentistry, since it is imperative to understand all tissue changes in order to prevent and/or gide them and enable prosthodontic rehabilitation of the patient. Many studies confirm a benefitial effect of growth factors douring wound healing. A large number of techniques is developed to prepare autologous blood concentrates containing growth factors, like platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) , but their aplicability and efficancy are still unclear because each of these methods results in product with different biology and physical characteristics, as well as different potential indications. Third mandibular molar extraction is one of the most frequent interventions that oral and maxillofacial surgeon face in their everyday clinical practice. This procedure is usually followed by postoperative effects affecting such as pain, trismus, edema, infection and alveolitis. In contemporary literature there is enough evidence to suport beneficial role of autologous blood preparations in wound healing, and some authors even sugest that they can reduce incidence of postextraction complications afther third molar surgery. The aim of this study was to determin weather concentrated growth factors have beneficial effect on bone healing after tooth extraction, as well as their effect on the incidence of alveolitis and do they reduce pocket depth on distal side of adjacent tooth. This study was conducted as prospective clinical split-mouth designed study. 30 patients with both mandibular third molars indicated for the extraction, in similar position, were included in the study. On the same day surgical removal of both mandibular molars was performed, and in one socket PRF was placed. Patients were scheduled for a check-up and suture removals on the 7th postoperative day. During this visit, as well as after 4 and after 8 weeks, depth of distal pocket of the second molar was measured. CBCT was made on the day of surgery, 4 and 8 weeks afther surgery. On these radiographs volume of the bone defect was measured as well as density of newly formed bone tissue in the socket. This is original methodology, while previous studies used two-dimensional radiography methods in order to evaluate bone healing after tooth extractions, with less precision and liability. We processed and analyzed gained data using appropriate mathematical-statistical methods. According to our data we concluded that application of PRF in the extraction socket improves bone healing and reduces depth of pocket on the adjacent teeth, although this effects are not statistically significant. In our study, alveolitis did not occur neither in control nor in the experimental group, so we could not conclude if the application of PRF has any effect on prevention of this complication.</p>

Cette thèse de doctorat s'inscrit dans un projet pour le développement du transport ferroviaire piloté par la société ALSTOM Transport. Il répond aux prévisions de quadruplement des déplacements interurbains et régionaux en France à l'horizon 2020 en respectant les contraintes environnementales très sévères, dont les normes restrictives du niveau de bruit émis par les trains. Une réduction importante du bruit émis par le moteur est donc nécessaire. Notre mission dans ce projet a été de développer un outil capable de prédire le bruit d'origine électromagnétique produit par les moteurs synchrones à aimants permanents, équipés d'un bobinage distribué ou concentré, et alimentés par des tensions MLI. Pour cela, un modèle multi-physique a été développé.Un couplage numérique - analytique a été mis en place pour calculer les forces magnétiques dans l'entrefer. La perméance globale d'entrefer et les inductances synchrones sont ainsi calculées grâce à des simulations éléments finis en statique, et très rapides. Un niveau de précision et de rapidité de résolution inégalé est obtenu pour le calcul des forces magnétiques. L'alimentation MLI, la perméabilité des clavettes, la saillance du rotor et l'asymétrie des dents du stator sont pris en compte. La rapidité de l'outil permet un couplage avec un superviseur d'optimisation. Deux prototypes ont été dimensionnés et fabriqués dans le but de valider le modèle multi-physique / This thesis is part of a project for the development of rail transportation piloted by ALSTOM TRANSPORT. It meets the forecasts of fourfold increase of the interurban and regional travels in France before 2020, by respecting very severe environmental requirements, among which the restrictive standards of noise level emitted by trains. An important reduction of the noise radiated by motors is required. Our mission in this project was to develop a tool capable of predicting the electromagnetic noise produced by permanent magnet synchronous motors equipped with distributed or concentrated windings, and fed by a PWM converter. For that purpose, a multi-physics model was developed.A numerical - analytical coupling was set up to calculate the airgap magnetic pressures. Global airgap permeance and synchronous inductances are thus calculated thanks to statics finite element simulations. An unequalled level of precision and speed of resolution is obtained for the computation of airgap magnetic pressures. The PWM supply, the wedge permeability, the rotor shape and the asymmetry of stator teeth are taken into account. The quickness of the resolution allows coupling our tool with an optimization supervisor. Two prototypes were designed and built in order to validate the multi-physics model

集村興建農舍制度是2000年農地政策劇烈轉變的重要一環。制度執行涉及代理關係，以往集村農舍相關文獻大多偏重於特定地區個案及建築景觀或住宅功能的探討，也缺乏探討政府內部執行分工及互動對制度執行成效的影響，而代理理論中的多重委託多重代理觀念，不僅更貼近社會的真實情況，也能解析集村農舍制度的執行結構與執行結果間的關係。因此本研究從中央主管機關的委託及地方政府的執行代理結構，就集村農舍制度設計初始農地政策目標，分別探討制度執行規則與政府同一層級及不同層級的委託代理安排，調查分析整體執行現況及不同區域案例對農地利用與管理的影響，以釐清制度執行的問題真相，期望作為農地政策與農舍制度執行相關研究之基礎。 傳統的委託代理研究途徑，都描述了一部分制度或政策執行的現象。多重委託多重代理理論可以更完整作為分析階層政府推動政策或制度執行過程中複雜的互動與回應基礎，而政府內部多重委託代理及複雜的訊息問題，也比模型化的理論更加複雜。除了制度環境以外，也因為集村農舍制度執行分工安排不當，致使組織職能目標及資訊傳遞太過複雜，且未建立協商平台，加深執行結果偏離維護完整農業生產環境之政策目標。本研究建議必須回歸集村興建農舍制度原本立法目的調整中央農業主管機關內部制度安排，並透過多重委託代理雙方協商平台機制，促進正確資訊流通及共同合作。最後，如果執行一再偏離農地政策目標且陷於無效率狀態，也必須考慮制度予以廢除。 / The Concentrated Farmhouses Institution was an important part in the drastic change of Farmland Policy in 2000. As the institution implementation was conceded involved agency relationship, previous literatures mostly only focused on explorations of specific regional cases and structure landscape or residential functionalities. Furthermore, it also lacked explorations on the influence of institution implementation effects from government internal implementation of work diversification and interaction. Therefore, from principal of the central government authority to implementing agency structure of the regional government, and by basing on the initial Farmland Policy aim of the Concentrated Farmhouses Institution plan, this study explored on the institutional implementation regulation and principal agent arrangement within same-level and different levels of government. It investigated the entire implementing status and cases in different regions that influence on farmland utilization and management, and expected to clarify the actual problems of institutional implementation. The outcome seeks to be the foundation of relevant studies on Farmland Policy and farmhouses institution implementation. The approach of traditional principal agency studies all described a part of institution or norms of policy implementation. The concept of Multi-Principal and Multi-Agent could be more complete in analyzing various levels of the government in promoting the policy, or the complex interaction and response basis of institutional implementation process. In addition, the problem of governmental internal multi-principal agency and complicate messages were more complex in comparison to the model theory. Despite of the institutional environment, inappropriate diversification of work in implementation of the Concentrated Farmhouses Institutional has led to over-complexity of organizational function aim and message transmission. As there was no establishment of consultation platform, the implemented outcome has intensified the deviation on policy aim of maintaining a complete agriculture production environment. This study suggested that the internal institution arrangement in agriculture authority of the central government was required to readjust its original legislative aim of the Concentrated Farmhouses Institution. Through multi-principal agency of consultation platform mechanism of both parties, it would encourage accurate information circulation and cooperation. Lastly, if the implementation deviated constantly from Farmland Policy aim, it would fall into an ineffective status, and eventually the consideration of institution abolishment would be required.

Epidemiological studies have shown strong and consistent associations between exposure to air pollution and increases in morbidity and mortality. Key air pollutants that have been identified include fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3), both major contributors to smog. However, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved and the relative contributions of individual pollutants. A controlled human exposure facility was used to carry out inhalation studies of concentrated ambient fine particles (CAP), O3, CAP+O3 and filtered air following a randomized design. Exposures were 2 hrs in duration at rest. Subjects included mild asthmatics and non-asthmatics. This thesis focuses on acute cardiovascular responses including blood pressure (BP), brachial artery reactivity (flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]) and markers of systemic inflammation (blood neutrophils and interleukin [IL]-6). Results showed that for CAP-containing exposures (CAP, CAP+O3) there were small but significant transient increases in diastolic BP (DBP) during exposures. Furthermore, neutrophils and IL-6 increased 1 - 3 hrs after and FMD decreased 20 hrs after CAP-containing exposures. Responses to O3 were smaller, comparable to filtered air. The data suggests that adverse responses were mainly driven by PM. The DBP increase was rapid-developing and quick to dissipate, which points to an autonomic irritant response. The magnitude of the DBP increase was strongly negatively associated with the high frequency component of heart rate variability, suggesting parasympathetic withdrawal as a mechanism. In comparison, IL-6, neutrophil and FMD responses were slower to develop, indicative of an inflammatory mechanism. An intriguing finding was that IL-6 increased 3 hrs after CAP, but not after CAP+O3. Further investigation revealed that exposure to CAP+O3 in some individuals may trigger a reflex inhibition of inspiration, decreasing their tidal volume and inhaled pollutant dose, leading to a reduction in systemic IL-6, a potential protective mechanism. Together the findings support the epidemiological evidence of adverse fine PM health effects. Many questions remain to be answered about the health effects of air pollution including a better understanding of how inhaled pollutants result in cardiovascular effects. It is hoped that the insights gained from this thesis will advance the understanding of air pollution health effects.

Epidemiological studies have shown strong and consistent associations between exposure to air pollution and increases in morbidity and mortality. Key air pollutants that have been identified include fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3), both major contributors to smog. However, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved and the relative contributions of individual pollutants. A controlled human exposure facility was used to carry out inhalation studies of concentrated ambient fine particles (CAP), O3, CAP+O3 and filtered air following a randomized design. Exposures were 2 hrs in duration at rest. Subjects included mild asthmatics and non-asthmatics. This thesis focuses on acute cardiovascular responses including blood pressure (BP), brachial artery reactivity (flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]) and markers of systemic inflammation (blood neutrophils and interleukin [IL]-6). Results showed that for CAP-containing exposures (CAP, CAP+O3) there were small but significant transient increases in diastolic BP (DBP) during exposures. Furthermore, neutrophils and IL-6 increased 1 - 3 hrs after and FMD decreased 20 hrs after CAP-containing exposures. Responses to O3 were smaller, comparable to filtered air. The data suggests that adverse responses were mainly driven by PM. The DBP increase was rapid-developing and quick to dissipate, which points to an autonomic irritant response. The magnitude of the DBP increase was strongly negatively associated with the high frequency component of heart rate variability, suggesting parasympathetic withdrawal as a mechanism. In comparison, IL-6, neutrophil and FMD responses were slower to develop, indicative of an inflammatory mechanism. An intriguing finding was that IL-6 increased 3 hrs after CAP, but not after CAP+O3. Further investigation revealed that exposure to CAP+O3 in some individuals may trigger a reflex inhibition of inspiration, decreasing their tidal volume and inhaled pollutant dose, leading to a reduction in systemic IL-6, a potential protective mechanism. Together the findings support the epidemiological evidence of adverse fine PM health effects. Many questions remain to be answered about the health effects of air pollution including a better understanding of how inhaled pollutants result in cardiovascular effects. It is hoped that the insights gained from this thesis will advance the understanding of air pollution health effects.

Der Einfluss bodenspezifischer Größen auf die Rillenerosion wurde in Überströmungsversuchen in einem eigens dafür konstruiertem Kleingerinne untersucht. Die Neigung des 2 m langen und 0,1 m breiten Gerinnes wurde dafür zwischen 2, 4 und 6 % variiert. Im Gerinne wurden zum einen natürliche Böden, zum anderen künstliche, aus Schluff und Sand gemischte Substrate mit 0,060 l*s-1, 0,125 l*s-1 und 0,300 l*s-1 überströmt. Die Körnung der natürlichen Böden reichte von stark schluffig bis sandig-lehmig, die der künstlichen Substrate von stark schluffig bis sandig. Die künstlichen Substrate wiesen im Gegensatz zu den natürlichen Böden keine Aggregierung auf und waren frei von organischer Substanz. Zu Beginn der Versuche wird der Boden zunächst flächig überströmt. Währenddessen bilden sich Mikrorillen auf der Gerinnesohle aus. Selektiver Sedimenttransport bewirkt die Akkumulation der nicht transportablen Fraktion auf der Bodenoberfläche, wodurch sich Rippel bilden. Über den Rippeln formen sich stehende Wellen im Abfluss. Die stehenden Wellen erzeugen Sohlschubspannungsspitzen auf die Gerinnesohle, welche zu verstärkter lokaler Erosion, zur Ausbildung von Mikrodepressionen und im weiteren zur Entstehung von Rillenköpfen führen. Die Rillenköpfe wandern entgegen dem Gefälle und hinterlassen Rillen, in denen sich der Abfluss konzentriert. In den Rillen können weitere Rillenköpfe entstehen. Anhand des Beginns der Rillenerosion, der Rillenkopfneubildungsrate, dem Erosionsfortschritt der Rillenköpfe, der Bestandsdauer der Rillenköpfe und der Sedimentkonzentration im Abfluss kann das Phänomen „Rillenerosion“ erfasst und quantifiziert werden. Diese erosionsspezifischen Kennwerte zeigen sich dabei in Abhängigkeit von bodenspezifischen Größen, wie der Lagerungsdichte, der Korngrößenzusammensetzung sowie der Aggregatgrößenverteilung und –stabilität. Aus den Korrelationsanalysen zwischen den bodenspezifischen Größen und den spezifischen Kennwerten der Rillenerosion leiten sich empirische Beziehungen ab. Diese Beziehungen sind nicht-linearerer und nicht-stetiger Natur. Parallel zu den Versuchen im Kleingerinne wurden Überströmungs- und Beregnungsversuche in einem Großgerinne durchgeführt. Die Projektion der laborativen Ergebnisse des Kleingerinnes auf das naturnahere Großgerinne zeigte dabei Parallelen.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-11T21:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VERALÚCIA SEVERINA DA SILVA – TESE (PPGEP) 2016.pdf: 6421802 bytes, checksum: 9b42464393ac9c935bb0b5026ad45fc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T21:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VERALÚCIA SEVERINA DA SILVA – TESE (PPGEP) 2016.pdf: 6421802 bytes, checksum: 9b42464393ac9c935bb0b5026ad45fc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / A secagem é um processo termodinâmico, em que há transferência simultânea de calor e a remoção da umidade de um material poroso. Os produtos argilosos quando expostos a uma secagem sem controle pode sofrer fissuras e deformações, reduzindo sua qualidade póssecagem. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar teórico e experimentalmente a transferência de calor e massa em sólidos com forma complexa com, com ênfase a secagem de materiais cerâmicos argilosos. Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático para descrever as trocas de calor e massa durante o processo de secagem, utilizando o método da capacitância global em corpos vazados. A solução analítica das equações governantes foi feita usando o método de separação de variáveis. Foram realizados experimentos de caracterização química e terrmo-hídrica da argila, e secagem de materiais cerâmicos argilosos vazados e com formas não-convencionais, em diferentes temperaturas (60, 70, 80, 90 e 100ºC). Resultados da composição química e granulometria da argila, e cinéticos de perda de massa e aquecimento das peças cerâmicas são apresentados e analisados. Verificou-se que o processo de perda de umidade ocorre a uma velocidade mais baixa do que o aquecimento do material cerâmico, que a temperatura e forma do corpo afetam fortemente os fenômenos de transporte de calor e massa, que a secagem a baixa temperatura favorece a redução de problemas no material pós secagem e melhoramento na qualidade final, e que os números de Biot de transferência de calor e de massa influenciam diretamente no tempo que o produto atinge sua condição de equilíbrio. A comparação entre o teor de umidade e temperatura preditos pelo modelo matemático proposto e os dados experimentais permitiu a estimativa dos coeficientes de transferência de massa e calor na superfície do material, com boa precisão. / Drying is a thermodynamic process, in which there is simultaneous heat transfer and moisture removal of a porous material. Clay products exposed to drying without control may suffer cracks and deformations, reducing its quality post-drying. This work aims to study theoretical and experimental the drying of solids with complex shape. It was developed a mathematical model to describe heat and mass transfer during the drying process, using the global capacitance method of hollow bodies. The analytical solution of the governing equations was made using the variable separation method. It were realized experiments of chemical and thermo-hydric characterization of clay, and drying of hollow and non-conventional clay ceramic materials at different emperatures (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100ºC). Results of the chemical composition and granulometry, and mass loss and heating of ceramic parts are presented and analyzed. It was verified that the moisture loss process occurs at a lower velocity than the heating of the ceramic material, the temperature and body shape strongly affect heat and mass transport phenomena, drying at low temperature favors the reduction of the problems in the material post-drying and improvement in the final quality, and that Biot numbers of heat and mass transfer directly affect the time to the product to reach its equilibrium condition. Comparison between predicted and experimental moisture content and temperature permitted estimative of the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients at the surface of the material, with good precision.

Dans le milieu automobile, les règlementations visant à limiter l’émission de particules fines et de gaz à effet de serre sont devenues de plus en plus sévères au cours des dernières années. Cette tendance ne va pas s’inverser et des solutions doivent être trouvées pour améliorer le rendement des moteurs à combustion interne (ICE) qui propulsent la majorité des véhicules de tourisme dans le monde.Une des solutions permettant d’améliorer le rendement thermodynamique de l’ICE est d’utiliser un turbocompresseur. Cet organe de suralimentation permet d’accroître le couple du moteur en augmentant la pression d’air dans les cylindres et par conséquent la quantité de comburant. Le turbocompresseur présente cependant un inconvénient pour l’agrément de conduite. Selon la technologie employée, un temps de latence (turbo lag) plus ou moins important apparait entre le moment ou le conducteur appui sur la pédale d’accélérateur et le moment ou le couple est disponible sur les roues.Pour pallier ce problème, on peut utiliser une machine électrique venant assister le turbocompresseur durant la phase de montée en vitesse. Cette machine peut faire partie d’un système indépendant de compression d’air et placée en amont du turbocompresseur, on parlera alors de turbo assisté électriquement. Cette machine peut aussi être intégrée directement au turbocompresseur, on parlera alors de turbo électrique. Dans les deux cas, le temps de réponse du turbocompresseur est amélioré ce qui impacte directement la dynamique du véhicule et le plaisir de conduite. Dans le cas du turbo électrique, l’intégration de la machine électrique directement sur le turbocompresseur permet son fonctionnement en génératrice en offrant ainsi une amélioration du rendement global de l’ICE.Le sujet de la thèse est la modélisation et la conception des machines électriques haute vitesse pour ces applications. Les principales qualités recherchées pour ces machines seront :-leurs capacités à pouvoir fonctionner à haute vitesse : les vitesses recherchées se situe typiquement entre 70 000 et 150 000 tr/min pour des vitesses périphériques de l’ordre de 150 m/s ;-leurs densités de puissance : on recherche des puissances de 3 à 15 kW pour des machines compactes qui devront être intégrées sous le capot du véhicule ;-des rendements élevés de l’ordre de 95 % ;-une conception adaptée à la production en grande série pour l’automobile.Pour répondre à cette problématique, les travaux suivants ont été entrepris :Dans un premier temps, nous avons modélisé finement les phénomènes électromagnétiques et mécaniques liées aux machines électriques haute vitesse à encoches et aimants permanents positionnés en surface. Pour cela, nous avons développé un modèle de calcul en sous-domaines pour la partie électromagnétique et un modèle multicouches de résistance des matériaux pour le calcul de la tenue du rotor à haute vitesse.Dans un deuxième temps, pour pouvoir explorer des topologies de machines très différentes, nous avons eu recourt aux méthodes de calcul par éléments finis. Nous avons pu identifier et de comparer plusieurs topologies de machines à encoches, sans encoches, à bobinage dentaire ou toroïdal. Cette étude paramétrique a permis de comparer la densité de couple et le rendement de ces machines.Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous avons traité le cas du prototypage et des mesures de ces machines. Pour cela, sur la base des études réalisées, nous avons prototypé trois machines aux performances prometteuses. La conception mécanique des différentes machines est abordée ainsi que les méthodes de mesures et les difficultés liées aux caractérisations à haute vitesse.Au cours de ce travail de thèse, d’autres aspects ont aussi été abordés tel que la modélisation des pertes du système machine électrique et convertisseur de puissance, la dynamique des rotors ou encore les émissions acoustiques. / In the automotive industry, regulations to limit the emission of greenhouse gases have become more and more severe. This trend is not going to change and solutions must be found to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) that drive the majority of passenger cars in the world.Turbochargers are a clever solution to improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the ICE. This forced induction device increases the air pressure in the cylinders and therefore the engine torque. However, turbochargers have a major disadvantage for the driver experience: a lag time (turbo lag) between the moment when the driver steps on the accelerator and the moment when torque is available.To overcome this problem, an electric machine can be used to assist the turbocharger during the speed up phase. This machine can be a part of an independent system of air compression and placed upstream of the turbocharger or it can be integrated directly into the turbocharger. In both cases, the response time of the turbocharger is greatly reduced which directly impacts the dynamic of the vehicle and the driving pleasure. The integration of the electric machine directly on the turbocharger allows its operation as a generator to improve the overall efficiency of the ICE.The subject of this thesis is the modeling and design of high speed electric machines for these applications. The main requirements are:-High-speed operation: between 70,000 and 150,000 rpm and peripheral speeds around 150 m/s.-Power density: from 3 to 15 kW for compact machines that will have to be integrated under the hood of the vehicle.-High efficiency: around 95 % and above.-A design adapted to mass production for the automotive industry.To cope with this requirements, the following tasks were undertaken:Firstly, we modeled the electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of high-speed slotted electric machines with surface-mounted permanent magnets. For the electromagnetic part, we developed a subdomain calculation model. For the mechanical part, we worked on a multilayer model to evaluate the rotor strength at high speed.Secondly, we used finite element analysis methods to explore different machine structures. We compared several topologies of slotted and slotless machines, with tooth-coil winding and toroidal winding. This parametric study allowed us to compare the torque density and efficiency of these machines.Finally, we dealt with the case of prototyping and measurements of these machines. Based on the previous studies, we prototyped three machines with promising performances. The mechanical design of the different machines is discussed as well as the measurement methods and the difficulties associated with high speed characterization.During this thesis work, other aspects were also discussed such as the losses in power converters driving high-speed electric machines, rotor dynamics and acoustic emissions.

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