La rhétorique du blâme dans l’Histoire Auguste se propose d’étudier comme un objet littéraire le recueil de biographies impériales connu sous le nom d’Historia Augusta, officiellement rédigé par six auteurs à la fin du IIIe siècle ap. J.C. et au début du IVe siècle ap. J.C., mais qui serait en réalité issu du fruit de l’imagination d’un unique rédacteur ayant vécu à la fin du IVe siècle ap. J.C., si l’on s’en tient à la thèse de l’historien allemand Hermann Dessau formulée à la fin du XIXe siècle. Le présent mémoire entend analyser les différentes stratégies destinées à dépeindre des images sombres d’une série d’empereurs légitimes et d’usurpateurs, compris dans la période historique qui débute avec le règne d’Hadrien et s’achève avec la chute de Carin (IIe-IIIe siècles ap. J.C.), dans un texte mêlant étroitement réalité et fiction. Le recours à des procédés de nature lexicale, stylistique, thématique et structurelle que l’on peut observer révèle l’importance de la mise en œuvre des ressources de la rhétorique épidictique, ainsi que la présence de nombreux phénomènes d’intertextualité, fondés notamment sur les Vies des douze Césars de Suétone, principal modèle du recueil. L’enquête conduit à un élargissement de la réflexion qui s’intéresse aux cibles de la critique. Si, derrière les figures des mauvais princes, le rédacteur cherche à fustiger les dérives du principat, il cherche également à mettre en oeuvre sa propre écriture, en tâchant de se distinguer des autres historiographes, dans un style qui accorde une large place à la fantaisie, à l’autodérision et au persiflage. Le mémoire s’efforce donc d’étudier la représentation des figures et des événements de l’histoire et de souligner les articulations entre poétique et rhétorique dans un texte majeur de la littérature latine de l’Antiquité tardive. / Rhetoric of Condemnation in the 'Historia Augusta' intends to study the collection of imperial biographies known as Historia Augusta as a literary object. The biographies were officially written by six authors at the end of the 3rd Century A.D. and at the beginning of the 4th Century A.D., but they were actually produced through the imagination of a single writer who lived at the end of the 4th Century A.D. according to the 19th Century thesis of the German historian Hermann Dessau. Through analysing a text that intricately mixes reality and fiction, this thesis will examine the different strategies intended to depict the sombre images of both legitimate and usurping emperors throughout the historical period that begins with Hadrian's reign and ends with the fall of Carin (2nd to 3rd Centuries A.D.). Observing the lexical, stylistic, thematic and structural methods reveals the importance of utilizing epideictic rhetoric as well as numerous intertextuality phenomena, particularly based on Suetonius's Vitae XII Caesarum, which is the main model of the collection. This inquiry drives to widen the thought interested by the target of the critic. If, behind the figures of bad princes, the writer tries to castigate the principate system that enables princely transgressions, he also tries to enhance his own writing. The writer tries to be different from other historiographers in a style that grants a large place to fantasy, self-mockery and raillery. This thesis endeavours, therefore, to study the representation of historical characters and events while underlining articulations between poetics and rhetoric in a major text of late Antiquity Latin literature.

This project examines the landscape of the farming community of Beagle, Oregon prior to and during the Second World War and the effect on it due to the construction of Camp White, a World War II training facility. The Beagle landscape is examined through the prism of current theory that suggests that landscapes are not discrete units of analysis but are, instead, symbiotic relationships between land and people. Utilizing archives, contemporary newspaper accounts, photographs, oral histories, and archaeological investigation, the history of the construction of Beagle landscape, the effects of the construction of Camp White, the subsequent removal of Beagle residents, and postwar renewal are examined. The project concludes that the Beagle landscape was, and is, a holistic entity that, though dramatically changed in 1942, continues to exist and inform the lives of surviving original residents as well as the history of the Beagle area. / Graduation date: 2007

nÃo hà / A inversa internaÃÃo psiquiÃtrica e a perversa morte de DamiÃo Ximenes Lopes, em 1999,no Hospital Casa de Repouso Guararapes, de Sobral, Estado do Cearà convoca-nos a discutir o surgimento dos Direitos Humanos apÃs a Segunda Guerra Mundial, dando Ãnfase ao direito humano à saÃde mental e a Reforma PsiquiÃtrica Brasileira. No confronto destes pontos constatamos que a morte de DamiÃo Ximenes Lopes levou o Brasil a ser condenado pela primeira vez na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, em 2006. A SentenÃa deste caso à objeto da nossa pesquisa, na medida em que ela representa uma verdadeira âcondenaÃÃo da saÃde mentalâ brasileira e aponta novas medidas para a consolidaÃÃo da Reforma PsiquiÃtrica pelo lado dos direitos humanos e supervisiona seus rumos em nossos tempos. Neste sentido, alinhado ao campo da Psicologia Social CrÃtica, utilizamos o mÃtodo do âestudo de casoâ, contextualizando-o com elementos da teoria do âestado de exceÃÃoâ, da âvida nuaâ e da âexclusÃo inclusivaâ de Giorgio Agamben a fim de compreender o campo manicomial da Casa de Repouso Guararapes e o consequente caso de morte PsiquiÃtrica hospitalar. A pesquisa revela como a era dos direitos, aplicada à âexceÃÃoâ, foi executada desaplicando-se. Trata-se de uma perspectiva que nos ajuda a lanÃar novas crÃticas sobre a morte de DamiÃo Ximenes Lopes, levando em consideraÃÃo que a SentenÃa da referida Corte à o caminho para se repensar a saÃde mental brasileira, nÃo somente como fim (com o cumprimento da SentenÃa), mas sim como meio sem fim para consolidaÃÃo da Reforma PsiquiÃtrica Brasileira em nossos tempos. / Reverse psychiatric hospitalization and the perverse death of DamiÃo Ximenes Lopes in 1999 in the Rest Home Hospital Guararapes, in Sobral, Cearà called us to discuss the emergence of Human Rights after the Second World War, emphasizing the human right mental health and the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. In the comparison of these points we found that the death of DamiÃo Ximenes Lopes led Brazil to be sentenced for the first time in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2006. The judgment in this case is the subject of our research, to the extent that it represents a real " condemnation of mental "Brazilian health and points further actions to consolidate the psychiatric reform from the side of human rights and supervises its directions in our times. In this regard, aligned to the field of Critical Social Psychology, we use the case study method, contextualizing it with elements of the theory of the state of emergency of bare life and inclusive exclusion of Giorgio Agamben in order to understand the field of asylum House Rest Guararapes and the subsequent case of psychiatric hospital death. The research reveals how the era of rights applied for exception, was performed desappling itself. It is a perspective that helps us to launch new criticism about the death of DamiÃo Ximenes Lopes, taking into account that the said Court judgment is the way to rethink the Brazilian mental health, not only as an end (to the rule of sentence), but as a means endless for consolidation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform in our times.

Cette thèse interroge l'apparente contradiction scalaire entre la proclamation de lois spatialement uniforme à l'échelle nationale et la territorialisation des populations françaises. Elle essaye de comprendre comment le système judiciaire hexagonal réussit à concilier ses exigences constitutionnelles d'indivisibilité et d'égalité avec la pluralité des territoires. L'analyse, enchevêtrant une démarche qualitative et une démarche quantitative par l'exploitation des données des juridictions et du casier judiciaire national, permet de conclure que les institutions judiciaires sont productrices d'injustices. Plus ou moins asphyxiés par les flux de délits à réprimer, les tribunaux de grande instance ne condamnent pas uniformément à l'échelle nationale, d'autant plus qu'ils doivent suivre les priorités définies dans la politique pénale du procureur de la République. Possédant une propension diverse à devenir de véritables acteurs politiques de leur territoire, les chefs du parquet jouent ainsi un rôle essentiel de passeur scalaire mais accentuent l'iniquité du système pénal. En effet, l'égalité proclamée comme un des fondements de la République française est abandonnée au profit d'une stigmatisation des territoires les plus défavorisés qui sont plus sévèrement condamnés que ne laisserait attendre la géographie des délits alors même qu'ils sont oubliés dans les politiques de prévention de la délinquance. Rompant dès lors complètement avec le principe de l'équité, les institutions judiciaires accentuent les fractures socio-spatiales du territoire français. Ces processus de fragmentation révèlent d'une part la pertinence de l'analyse de la justice pénale par la géographie et d'autre part l'impossibilité de ne penser une amélioration du système judiciaire qu'en vase-clos. / This thesis questions the seeming scalar contradiction between the spatially uniform proclaiming of laws on a national scale, and the public policy approach that focuses on the territory of French populations. It tries to understand how the French judiciary system succeeds in conciliating its constitutional demands of indivisibility and equality together with the plurality of territories. The analysis, mixing a quality and a quantitative approach by using the data of jurisdictions and the national police recrod, allows concluding that judiciary institutions produce injustices. More or less suffocated by the number of offences to be punished, the district courts do not condemn uniformly on the national level, all the more since they must follow the priorities defined in the penal policy by the public prosecutor. Having a different propensity to become genuine political actors in their territory, the public prosecutors are thus playing an essential part as scalar linkmen, but stress the iniquity of the penal system. Indeed, the equality claimed as a base of the French Republic, is forgotten in the benfit of a stigmatization of the most disadvantaged territories, which are more severely condemned that the geography of offences would expect, even when they are forgotten in the policies of deliquency preventing. Thus breaking totally with the principle of equity, the judiciary institutions stress the social-spatial dislocations of the French territory. These processes of fragmentation disclose that on the one hand, an analysis of the penal justice through geography is relevant, and on the other hand that it is impossible for a closed group only to think the improvement of the judiciary system.

From the Proceedings of the 1972 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - May 5-6, 1972, Prescott, Arizona / Pressure is being brought to bear on national resources of air, earth, and water in the growing cities in the arid southwest. Legal questions involved in capturing urban runoff and putting it to a beneficial use are examined. Urbanization of a watershed results in a 3 to 5 fold increase in runoff amounts. Legal aspects include tort liability from floods, water rights to the increased flows, land use restrictions along banks and flood plains, condemnation of land for park development and flowage easements, financing problems, zoning applications, and coordination of governmental bodies responsible for parks, storm drainage and related services. Urban runoff is the most obvious legal problem in the tort liability area. It appears feasible to divert small quantities of water from urban wastes for recreational uses which provide flood control benefits. It appears that municipalities could appropriate increased flows caused by urbanization. The ultimate legal questions remain to be resolved by legislation, litigation or extension of the appropriative system.

本論文では、日米両国の環境法における理論状況が法体系の性質からも大いに異なることを前提とした上で、米国において1970年代以降に制定された様々な環境法をめぐる議論を取り上げ、各種救済の態様について、事後救済、事前予防の両面から検証を行った。具体的には、我が国で検討の不十分な環境市民訴訟規定適用の根拠および要件と救済の機能、各種環境規制の導入において生じる収用をめぐる議論の検討を行った。 / This research examined the remedies of U.S. environmental law after 1970s. While their legal systems are quite different, the argument in U.S. could be helpful that of Japanese. The focus point of research is on the ground of citizen suits provisions and on the case when the plaintiff made consent decree. Environmental land use regulations and taking clause matter were also examined in this context since the private property rights is a crucial factor for environmental regulations to protect environmental injury. / 博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

This paper will look at the interpretation and translation of ἀρσενοκοῖται (1 Cor 6:9) in the list of people who will not inherit the kingdom of God. The word is mentioned in 1 Cor 6:9-10, and it has been translated in ways going from “homosexual”, “men who lay with men” and “sodomite” to “a man who lets others use himself or who uses others for debauchery” and “pedophile”. By looking at the views on sexuality, and male same-sex sexuality in particular, pertaining the Greco-Roman society and the Jewish culture contemporary to Paul, and also paying attention to the textual context as well as the context of the congregation in Corinth, the study has its aim set on finding what the word might have denoted to the first readers in the congregation in Corinth, and to Paul. The goal, then, is not to find a translation of the word ἀρσενοκοῖται that is literal, but to find one that is as close to a dynamic equivalent as is possible. This goal will, hopefully, be attained by giving the translation to the modern reader that is the one most likely to connote the same ideas and emotional connotations as the Greek word did in its original context. As the meaning of words change with time and context, there is a need for a translation that can bridge the gap created by that shift of meaning. Building that bridge in the case of ἀρσενοκοῖται is the goal of this paper. When the meaning, or meanings, that is found most likely to have been attained by the ancient readers is found, there will be a critical evaluation of some of the modern translations (and some a bit older) of the word in 1 Cor 6:9 to see if there already exists a translation that can be said to reach the goal of dynamic equivalence, given the meaning that is found most plausible in this paper. The study will argue that that is not the case, and therefore also propose a new translation, one that is argued to be closer to dynamic equivalence than those that has been evaluated. This translation is ”Men who sexually exploit men to gain social powers”. / Denna uppsats undersöker översättningen och tolkningen av ordet ἀρσενοκοῖται, det ord som avslutar 1 Kor 6:9 och är del av en lista över dem som inte kan ärva Guds rike (6:9-10). Ordet har översatts på olika sätt genom tiderna, med förslag som sträcker sig från “homosexuella”, “sodomiter”, “män som ligger med män” till “en man som låter utnyttja sig eller utnyttjar andra till osedlighet” och “pedofiler”. Genom att titta på hur sexualitet, och främst då manlig homosexualitet, sågs i den grekisk-romerska och judiska kontexten på Paulus tid, samt studera ordets litterära kontext och församlingens kontext i Korint, är målet att utröna vad ἀρσενοκοῖται bar med sig för betydelser och konnotationer för Paulus och de första mottagarna i Korint. Vad ett ord betyder är inte alltid statiskt över tid och rum utan förändras ofta, om än gradvis. Det riskerar därför att uppstå en klyfta mellan det som ordet från början innebar samt uppfattades som att det innebar, och hur det uppfattas idag. Den här uppsatsens mål är att överbrygga den klyftan för ἀρσενοκοῖται genom att ta reda på vad det grekiska ordet innebar i sin ursprungliga kontext och sedan ge en översättning som på bästa möjliga sätt ger en modern läsare konnotationer som i högsta möjliga grad stämmer överens med de konnotationer som de antika läsarna fick när de mötte ordet. Detta innebär alltså att målet inte är att ge en bokstavlig översättning av ἀρσενοκοῖται, utan en dynamisk ekvivalent översättning, där läsaren så långt det är möjligt får möjligheten att uppfatta det de första läsarna uppfattade. När den, eller de, meningar det är mest troligt att ordet bar med sig i sin ursprungliga kontext är konstaterade, kommer en kritisk utvärdering utifrån den slutsatsen göras av ett antal moderna översättningar (och några lite äldre), för att se om det finns en existerande översättning som uppnår dynamisk ekvivalens. Det kommer visa sig att så inte är fallet, och en ny översättning kommer därför att föreslås: ”Män som sexuellt utnyttjar män för att vinna social makt”.