With the spread of the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus and sexually transmitted diseases, it is extremely important for sexually active individuals to protect themselves properly if they decide to engage in sexual intercourse. Knowledge of HIV and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has been associated with safer sexual practices, but knowledge alone does not totally explain risky sexual practices. This study examined how 154 college students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS, relationship status, perceptions of condom use, and perceptions of personal risk affect condom use during sexual intercourse. The impact of trust and love justifications along with the approval of peers were also examined. Perceptions of condom use and perceptions of personal risk were compared by gender and ethnicity; how perception of personal risk is related to condom use and condom use intentions was also examined. Condom use intention was found to be a significant predictor of condom use, and a significant difference of means for condom use intentions was reported between individuals who used condoms during their last experience with sexual intercourse and those who did not use condoms during their last sexual experience

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: B, page: 6009. Adviser: Dorothy K. Waller. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T18:32:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO REZENDE PEREIRA CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 1352465 bytes, checksum: 3481c73a8eaa2b12ea683840100503a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T18:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO REZENDE PEREIRA CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 1352465 bytes, checksum: 3481c73a8eaa2b12ea683840100503a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-28 / Os preservativos masculinos são os principais instrumentos de proteção contra doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e controle de natalidade no mundo e são produzidos, principalmente, a partir do látex natural. Desde os anos 80, com o aumento significativo na utilização de preservativos, a indústria desenvolveu novos modelos com diferentes tamanhos, espessuras e aromas. Com o aumento de relatos de reações alérgicas induzidas pelo látex foram desenvolvidos modelos de preservativos fabricados a partir de outros materiais, como o poliuretano. Estudos sugerem que o poliuretano pode representar uma boa alternativa ao látex, apesar de não possuírem as mesmas propriedades físicas e químicas. Desde 2002 os preservativos de látex são certificados compulsoriamente pela Anvisa e o Inmetro. Atualmente, essa certificação segue os requisitos estabelecidos pela RDC 62/2008. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou verificar se os requisitos mínimos exigidos para os dispositivos de látex podem ser aplicados aos de poliuretano. Para isso, foram realizados os ensaios de dimensões, espessura, determinação da capacidade volumétrica e pressão de estouro, verificação de orifícios e da integridade da embalagem primária, ensaios descritos na RDC 62/2008, além de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difratometria de raio-x, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva e ensaios mecânicos. Os resultados dos ensaios demonstraram as diferenças nas propriedades físico-químicas dos materiais e que os ensaios da norma não podem ser aplicados na íntegra aos preservativos de poliuretano. De acordo com os resultados pode-se concluir que é necessário estabelecer valores de referência para certificação dos preservativos de poliuretano, considerando sua maior resistência e menor elasticidade em comparação ao látex. / Male condoms are the main instruments of protection against sexually transmitted diseases and birth control in the world and are produced mainly from natural rubber. Since the 80s, with the significant increase in the use of condoms, the industry has developed new models with different sizes, thicknesses and tastes. With the increase in reported allergic reactions induced for latex, models of condoms made from other materials such as polyurethane have been developed. Studies suggest that polyurethane can be a good alternative to latex, despite not having the same physical and chemical properties. Since 2002 latex condoms are compulsorily certified by ANVISA and INMETRO. Currently this certification follows the requirements established by RDC 62/2008. Thus, this study aimed to determine if the minimum requirements for rubber devices can be applied to polyurethane. For this, testing of dimensions, thickness, determining the volumetric capacity and bursting pressure, check for holes and integrity of primary packaging, the tests described in RDC 62/2008 were performed, and also scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and mechanical testing. The test results showed the differences in the physicochemical properties of materials and the testing of the standard cannot be applied in full to polyurethane condoms. According to the results it can be concluded that it is necessary to establish standards for certification of polyurethane condoms, considering its greater elasticity and lower resistance compared to natural rubber.

Eighty-nine single, sexually active, heterosexual college students (ages 17-24) participated in one of two intervention conditions. Experimental groups were taught skills specific to condom use and sexual communication via a multimedia presentation. Control groups viewed a video on an unrelated topic. Individuals in the experimental conditions were expected to show higher levels of self-efficacy, greater knowledge concerning diseases, and improved attitudes about condoms immediately following the intervention. They were also expected to report safer sexual practices at the one month follow-up. Findings reveal that improved attitude and knowledge scores did not translate into behavioral changes.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objective of the study was to determine the level of self-reported sexual risk behaviour of student men who have sex with men at a South African higher educational institution. The secondary objective was to determine the level of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) knowledge among student men who have sex with men, and lastly to determine the extent to which the theory of planned behaviour is applicable in explaining intentions to use condoms. A sample of fifty student men who have sex with men were recruited to take part in an online baseline and follow-up survey, three months apart. Many of the student men who have sex with men reported sexual behaviour, which may place them at risk of contracting HIV. More than fifty percent (56%) had used alcohol or drugs during sexual intercourse in the past. Six percent (6.1%) reported having been forced to have sexual intercourse against their will. While 8% had experienced abuse and violence on campus, 22% had experienced abuse only and another 6% reported having experienced some form of violence due to their sexual preference. Most participants (70%) reported having used condoms almost always or always when engaging in penetrative sexual behaviours, but 30% had used condoms inconsistently or not at all in the past. The sample of student MSM scored high on a questionnaire of basic HIV knowledge, with a mean score of 14.57 (80.94%). The present study questions the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in understanding and predicting intention to use condoms among a sample of student men who have sex with men attending a South African higher education institution. Only two of the major theoretical variables, namely attitude and perceived group norms, could significantly predict intention to use condoms. Attitudes regarding condom use were found to have an inverse The primary objective of the study was to determine the level of self-reported sexual risk behaviour of student men who have sex with men at a South African higher educational institution. The secondary objective was to determine the level of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) knowledge among student men who have sex with men, and lastly to determine the extent to which the theory of planned behaviour is applicable in explaining intentions to use condoms. A sample of fifty student men who have sex with men were recruited to take part in an online baseline and follow-up survey, three months apart. Many of the student men who have sex with men reported sexual behaviour, which may place them at risk of contracting HIV. More than fifty percent (56%) had used alcohol or drugs during sexual intercourse in the past. Six percent (6.1%) reported having been forced to have sexual intercourse against their will. While 8% had experienced abuse and violence on campus, 22% had experienced abuse only and another 6% reported having experienced some form of violence due to their sexual preference. Most participants (70%) reported having used condoms almost always or always when engaging in penetrative sexual behaviours, but 30% had used condoms inconsistently or not at all in the past. The sample of student MSM scored high on a questionnaire of basic HIV knowledge, with a mean score of 14.57 (80.94%). The present study questions the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in understanding and predicting intention to use condoms among a sample of student men who have sex with men attending a South African higher education institution. Only two of the major theoretical variables, namely attitude and perceived group norms, could significantly predict intention to use condoms. Attitudes regarding condom use were found to have an inversrelationship with intention to use condoms. The results from the hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the linear combination of the theory of planned behaviour variables could significantly account for 68% of the variance in intention to use condoms when the predictors were considered together. Interventions that seek to lessen HIV risk behaviour among student men who have sex with men should endeavour to incorporate elements which should aim to augment perceived subjective norms regarding condom use. The findings advocate for additional research to be undertaken on the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in informing health communication and sexual health interventions that aim to reduce HIV transmission risk among student men who have sex with men at higher educational institutions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die studie was om die vlak van self-gerapporteerde seksuele risiko gedrag van studentemans wat seks beoefen met mans (MSM) by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwysinstelling te bepaal. Die sekondêre doel was om die vlak van kennis oor die Menslike Immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) onder studente MSM te bepaal, en laastens om die mate waarin die teorie van beplande gedrag toepaslik is om die voorneme om kondoom gebruik te verduidelik. ʼn Steekproef van vyftig studente MSM was gewerf om aan ʼn aanlyn basislynopname en opvolgopname deel te neem. Talle van die studente MSM het seksuele gedrag gerapporteer wat die mans blootstel aan die risiko om MIV op te doen. Meer as vyftig persent (56%) het in die verlede alkohol of dwelms gebruik tydens seksuele omgang. Ses persent (6,1%) het gerapporteer dat hulle al gedwing is om seksuele omgang teen hul wil te hê. Terwyl agt persent mishandeling en geweld op kampus ervaar het, het 22% slegs misbruik ervaar en nog 6% het een of ander vorm van geweld ervaar as gevolg van hul seksuele voorkeur. Die meeste deelnemers (70%) het gerapporteer dat hulle tydens penetratiewe seks byna altyd kondome gebruik, maar 30% het óf glad nie, óf ongereeld in die verlede kondome gebruik. Die studente MSM wat aan die steekproef deelgeneem het, het hoë tellings behaal in ‘n vraelys oor basiese MIV-feite, met ' ʼn gemiddelde telling van 14.57 (80.94%). Die huidige studie bevraagteken die toepasbaarheid van die teorie van beplande gedrag om die voorneme om kondome te gebruik onder ’n steekproef van studente MSM aan ’n Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwysinstelling te verstaan en te voorspel. Slegs twee van die belangrikste teoretiese veranderlikes, naamlik houding en subjektiewe groepnorme, kon beduidend die voorneme voorspel om kondome te gebruik. Houding oor kondoom gebruik het ʼn omgekeerde verwantskap met die voorneme om kondome te gebruik voorspel. Die resultate van die hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-ontleding het aangedui dat, wanneer die voorspellers saam oorweeg word, die lineêre kombinasie van die teorie van beplande gedrag veranderlikes betekenisvol tot 68% van die variansie in die voorneme om kondome te gebruik kan verklaar. Ingrypings wat daarop gemik is om MIV-risiko gedrag onder studente MSM te verminder, behoort elemente in te sluit wat streef daarna om waarneembare subjektiewe norme rakende kondoomgebruik aan te vul. Die bevindinge wys dat addisionele navorsing oor die gebruik van die teorie van beplande gedrag in gesondheidskommunikasie en seksuelegesondheid intervensies wat daarop gemik is om die risiko van MIV-oordrag tussen studente MSM by inrigtings vir hoër onderwys te verminder nodig is.

Condom trace evidence must not be overlooked in sexual assault cases; understanding the chemical and physical characteristics of condoms is imperative if condoms are to be useful evidence. Previous research shows that condom identification is possible, but it is equally important to evaluate durability of condom residues versus time. Using FT-IR, this study examined vaginal swabs from subjects who self-sampled at intervals for up to 72 hours after having intercourse with a condom. This study investigated whether age and the stage of the menstrual cycle affected the durability of residues in the vagina over time. This study revealed that condoms containing nonoxynol-9, silicone-based lubricants, and particulates provide valuable information for identification, and that nonoxynol-9 specifically withstands the vaginal environment for up to 72 hours. Additionally, age and menstrual cycle both appeared to have an effect on the durability of residues although larger sample size is desirable.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, School of Human and Community Development, 2005.

Introdução: A adolescência é caracterizada por marcantes mudanças biológicas e psíquicas. Nesta fase, o aumento da produção dos androgênios resulta na ativação do comportamento sexual o que pode contribuir para uma iniciação sexual precoce. Objetivos: Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a idade média da primeira relação sexual dos adolescentes matriculados em escolas estaduais do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP, bem como verificar o número médio de parceiros dos alunos e a frequência do uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e uso de preservativos nesta população. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal para o qual foram incluídos os adolescentes do ensino médio. As informações sobre idade da primeira relação sexual, o número de parceiros dos alunos, uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e uso de preservativos foram obtidas por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. As variáveis quantitativas foram expressas em média e desvio padrão e as qualitativas em frequências absolutas e relativas. O teste qui-quadrado para variáveis qualitativas e o teste t-student para variáveis contínuas foram empregados para comparar as médias de idade e idade da primeira relação sexual de acordo com o gênero dos alunos. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o auxílio do programa SAS, versão 9.4. Resultados: Foram avaliados 202 alunos que responderam ao questionário, sendo 69 (34.16 %) homens e 133 (65,84%) mulheres. A idade da sexarca para homens variou de 7 a 18 anos e para mulheres de 7 a 17 anos, onde 48 (36.01%) das meninas e 21 (30,43%) dos meninos cursavam o primeiro ano do ensino médio, 63,37% dos adolescentes revelaram já ter tido relação sexual que 56,25 % usaram preservativo na primeira relação sexual, mas 36,72% disseram que fazem sexo seguro na maioria das vezes e 83,59% confirmaram que tiveram a primeira relação sexual por estarem \"a fim\". Conclusão: Mais da metade dos estudantes de escolas pública tiveram iniciação sexual precoce, na qual, a maioria não usou preservativo nem um método anticoncepcional efetivo; gostariam de receber informações sobre a temática através dos pais e professores e as principais motivações para iniciação sexual foram estarem a fim e experimentação / Introduction: Adolescence is characterized by significant biological and psychic changes. At this stage, increased production of androgens results in the activation of sexual behavior which may contribute to early sexual initiation. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to verify the average age of the first sexual intercourse of adolescents enrolled in state schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto / SP, and to verify the average number of students\' partners and the frequency of contraceptive use and condom use in this school. population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to which high school adolescents were included. Information on the age of first sexual intercourse, the number of partners of the students, use of contraceptive methods and use of condoms were obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. The chi-square test for qualitative variables and the t-student test for continuous variables were used to compare the means of age and age of the first sexual relation according to the gender of the students. All statistical analyzes were developed with the help of the SAS program, version 9.4. Results: We evaluated 202 students who answered the questionnaire, being 69 (36.36%) men and 133 (63.64%) women. The sex age for men ranged from 7 to 18 years and for women aged 7 to 17 years, with 48 (36.01%) of the girls and 21 (30.43%) of the boys attended the first year of high school, 66,94% of adolescents reported sexual intercourse with 56.25% used a condom at the first sexual intercourse, but 36.72% said they had safe sex most part of the time and 83.59% confirmed that they had their first sexual intercourse happened because they \"have a crush on\". Conclusion: More than half of public school students had early sexual initiation, in which most did not use condom or effective contraceptive method; would like to receive information on the subject through parents and teachers and the main motivations for sexual initiation were personal choice and curiosity

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PPG saude e comportamento.pdf: 422077 bytes, checksum: 81cbd1ddf9d98e490c3e4956ddd633c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-02 / This study evaluated sexual behavior and contraceptive usage among male adolescents in Pelotas, Sothern Brazil. 974 youngsters age 18-19 years were interviewed during medical inspection of military enlistment in July 2010. 84% were sexually active and the average age of beginning of sexual activity was 14,8 years. More than one fourth of them had begun sexual activity before the age of fifteen, and early poorer families, with lower schooling level and whose mothers had also lower level of formal education. Consistent and adequate usage of contraceptives was observed in 31,7% of the adolescents. This use was less frequent among adolescents who maintained stable relationships (RP 0,75 IC 0,58 to 0,97 p= 0,031), even after adjustment for education level. / Este estudo avaliou o comportamento sexual e o uso de contraceptivos entre adolescentes do sexo masculino na cidade de Pelotas. A amostra foi composta por 974 adolescentes com idades entre 18 e 19 anos, entrevistados durante a inspeção de saúde do alistamento militar, em julho de 2010. Destes jovens, 84% mantinham relações sexuais e a média de idade de início foi 14,8 anos. Mais de um quarto iniciou atividade sexual antes dos 15 anos de idade. O início precoce foi mais freqüente entre jovens das classes D ou E, com menor escolaridade e cujas mães também tinham menor nível educacional. O uso consistente e adequado de contraceptivos foi observado em 31,7% dos jovens. Este uso foi menos freqüente entre jovens em relacionamentos estáveis (RP 0,75 IC 0,58 a 0,97 p= 0,031), mesmo após ajuste para escolaridade

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Ante a complexidade da problemÃtica da AIDS entre adolescentes e percebendo o uso do preservativo como um comportamento de essencial importÃncia para a sua prevenÃÃo, foi realizada a presente investigaÃÃo, que teve como objetivo geral avaliar a intenÃÃo comportamental de uso do preservativo durante as relaÃÃes sexuais e os seus determinantes entre adolescentes participantes e nÃo participantes de aÃÃes educativas em saÃde no ambiente escolar, que envolvam aspectos preventivos à AIDS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, que utilizou como embasamento teÃrico-metodolÃgico a Theory of Reasoned Action â TRA. Foi realizada em duas escolas pÃblicas, localizadas em JoÃo Pessoa-PB, junto a adolescentes de treze a dezenove anos, de ambos os sexos, da 8 sÃrie do nÃvel fundamental ao 3 ano do nÃvel mÃdio. O seu desenvolvimento ocorreu em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi aplicado um questionÃrio para o levantamento das crenÃas modais salientes (N=95). Na segunda, aplicou-se um questionÃrio construÃdo a partir das crenÃas identificadas, constituÃdo por escalas tipo Likert (N=566). Os dados foram analisados a partir da frequÃncia, mÃdia, desvio padrÃo, coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, Teste t-Student, coeficientes de correlaÃÃes r de Pearson e regressÃo mÃltipla por etapas. Na primeira etapa, prevenÃÃo das DSTs, da gravidez e da AIDS foram as crenÃas comportamentais identificadas em ambas as escolas, nÃo havendo diferenÃa significativa entre estas. IncÃmodo, diminuiÃÃo do prazer e risco de romper foram as desvantagens apontadas para o uso do preservativo, nÃo se mostrando significativas as diferenÃas das emissÃes entre as escolas. MÃe, pai e amigos foram as principais crenÃas normativas positivas citadas pelos adolescentes de ambas as escolas, nÃo havendo diferenÃa significativa entre as freqÃÃncias das emissÃes dos grupos pesquisados. As crenÃas normativas modais negativas foram menos frequentes em comparaÃÃo Ãs positivas, sendo amigos e primos citados pelos adolescentes das escolas A e B e irmÃos e tios somente pelos adolescentes da B, nÃo havendo diferenÃas significativas entre os grupos pesquisados. A intenÃÃo comportamental de uso do preservativo se mostrou positiva para os dois grupos (escola A=1,45, escola B=1,39). Evidenciaram-se significativas correlaÃÃes entre os componentes atitudinais (r=0,168), normativos (r=0,166) e entre ambos com a medida da intenÃÃo comportamental nas duas escolas pesquisadas (NS r=0,290; A r=0,210; CN r=0,163; CC r=0,258). As quatro variÃveis independentes contribuÃram significativamente para a explicaÃÃo da variÃncia da intenÃÃo de uso do preservativo entre os adolescentes da escola A (R2=0,134), sendo que a norma subjetiva apresentou maior poder explicativo para o comportamento estudado (R2=0,069; p=0,000). Entre os adolescentes da escola B, verificou-se que crenÃa comportamental, norma subjetiva e atitude explicaram a intenÃÃo de uso do preservativo (R2=0,242), sendo que a crenÃa comportamental apresentou maior poder explicativo (R2=0,138; p=0,004). Os resultados revelaram maior intenÃÃo comportamental de uso do preservativo entre os adolescentes que participam de aÃÃes de educaÃÃo em saÃde, bem como as atitudes e normas que sustentam a intenÃÃo de adotar este comportamento e as crenÃas que originaram as atitudes e normas, podendo subsidiar o planejamento de estratÃgias que visem à saÃde sexual dos adolescentes, evidenciando assim a adequaÃÃo da TRA para tratar o tema proposto. / Facing AIDS problem in adolescence and regarding the use of condom as of essential importance in its prevention, in a way that this behavior can be promissory when induced by actions in health education developed at school, it was made this present research, which goal was to evaluate the behavioral intention with the use of condom in sexual intercourse, and its determinants among adolescents participating an non-participating in educational health actions at school related to prevent AIDS. It is a quantitative research that used the Theory of Reasoned Action â TRA. The research was taken in two Public Schools, in JoÃo Pessoa, with adolescents from 13 to 19 years old, both sexes, from 7th grade in Fundamental level to 3rd grade of High School. It was taken in two steps. On 1st step, a form was filled to make a survey of behavior beliefs and pronounced modal standard. On 2nd step, a test based on the beliefs identified on step 1, made of Likert Type Schools, was applied to 566 students. Data was analyzed from different statistic tools: absolute frequency and percentage, mean, standard mean, Cronbach Alpha coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient r, Multiple Regression by steps. The results from first step brought up the same categories of positive pronounced modal behavior standards in both schools (STD, pregnancy and AIDS prevention). Among all adolescents from both schools, troublesome, less pleasure and rupture risk were the pointed handicaps on using condoms. Positive standards beliefs were mothers, fathers and friends who were pointed by adolescents from both schools. Negative modal standard beliefs were less frequent comparing to positive, friends and cousins were named by adolescents from schools A and B, and brothers and uncles only from the ones of school B. The behavior intention of using condom was positive in both groups researched, but mean was a discretely higher among adolescents from School A. Expressive evidence correlated behavior and standard components as a measure of intentional behavior in both schools. Four independents variables contributed significantly to explain the variance of intention of using condoms in school A, but subjective standard presented more powerful explanation for the behavior studied. Among adolescents from school B, it was verified that behavior beliefs, subjective rule and stance explain the intention in using condoms, but behavior beliefs came to be stronger. The results showed stances and rules that sustain the intention in using condoms, as well as beliefs that build those stances and rules, which can give subsidies to planning strategies aiming sexual health care and put in evidence to validate TRA to work the proposed subject.