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PEDOT Coated Viscose Fibers by Optimized OCVD Process : Washing and Stretch Sensing PropertiesALI, MAJID January 2013 (has links)
Electroactive textile fibers are key components in smart and interactive textile applications. In previous research on textile base conductive fibers, viscose fibers were coated with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophne) (PEDOT) using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) technique[1]. Ferric chloride was used as oxidant and reaction conditions were optimized at which better electrical as well as mechanical properties of conductive viscose fibers could be achieved. In this thesis work, effect of new parameters such as pretreatment of viscose fibers with solvents, drying of oxidant treated viscose fibers at different time and temperature and comparison of two different oxidants have been tried. One new and important oxidant, ferric (III) p-toluene sulfonate or ferric (III) tosylate, used to prepare PEDOT coated viscose fibers and then compared with PEDOT coated viscose fibers prepared using oxidant ferric (III) chloride. Viscose fibers have been treated with two well know solvents, acetone and ethyl acetate before soaking in oxidant solution. Oxidant enriched fibers dried at different temperature for variable time prior to polymerization step. Knitted structures of conductive viscose fibers have been prepared. Hand washing of PEDOT coated viscose fibers with tap water and machine washing of knitted structures according to the international standard ISO EN-6330 have been performed and washing effects were investigated. Effects of all of the above mentioned variables on electromechanical properties of PEDOT coated viscose fibers were studied by using tensile testing, TGA analysis, FTIR spectra and conductivity measurements. Stretch sensing properties of knitted structures; before and after washing, were determined on cyclic tester. The purpose of this study is to enhance the properties of PEDOT-coated viscose fibers by controlling different parameters and to evaluate their usage as stretch sensors as well as to check the washability of PEDOT coated viscose fibers and knitted structures. Better electromechanical properties were achieved on new parameters and PEDOT coated viscose fibers were successfully utilized as stretch sensors. PEDOT coated viscose fibers could have potential to apply in areas such as, military textiles, medical textiles and sensors. / Program: Master programme in Textile Technology
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Piezoelectric behaviour of woven constructions based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) bicomponent fibresRUNDQVIST, KARIN January 2013 (has links)
During this project it was investigated how the newly developed piezoelectric PVDF bicomponent fibre behaved when integrated in different weave constructions. The possibility to integrate conductive yarns as outer electrode was studied in order to see if it was possible to create a fully textile piezoelectric sensors. The piezoelectric properties of the bicomponent fibre is given by the sheath material, which is a polymeric material known as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Today only piezoelectric film made by PVDF is commercially available, but with a flexible PVDF bicomponent fibre it improves the possibility to integrate piezoelectric material into a textile construction. In this study the PVDF bicomponent fibre was integrated in the warp direction into weave constructions, such as plain weave, twill and weft rib. All the woven bands included 60 PVDF bicomponent yarns, with 24 filaments in each bundle and the average width of the bands produced was 30 mm. Different conductive materials and fibres, acting as outer electrode, were coated or integrated together with the PVDF fibre and the behaviour of the PVDF fibres was analysed. All the woven samples went through corona poling with a voltage of 7 kV in 70 ⁰C for 3 min. The weave construction that gave highest piezoelectric output signal was twill with weft that has low tex. The twill construction gave a range amplitude of 1.5- 3.3 V when subjected to a dynamic strain of about 0.25% at 4 Hz. It was shown that different conductive materials influenced the PVDF fibre in different ways, due to the resistance of the material. It was also shown that it was possible to integrate piezoelectric bicomponent fibre into a textile construction and that a fully textile piezoelectric sensor could be produced by using conductive yarns as outer electrode. / Program: Masterutbildning i textilteknik,
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Élaboration et modélisation de la cinétique d'électropolymerisation de polymères conducteurs sous champ magnétique / Development and modeling of the kinetics of electron polymerization of conductive polymers in a magnetic fieldAli Omar, Ahmed-Yassin 12 December 2016 (has links)
Les effets de la force magnétique orthogonale (MF) sur le processus d'électropolymérisation de l'aniline dans une solution d’acide chlorhydrique ont été étudiés.La voltammétrie cyclique (CV), la chronoampérométrie et la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (EIS), ont été utilisées pour examiner le processus de transfert de masse et le processus de réaction électrochimique. Différentes techniques, telles que la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) et la diffraction à rayons X (XRD) ont été utilisées pour caractériser les revêtements préparés.Les résultats montrent que la vitesse de dépôt augmente avec la force magnétique et la concentration du monomère d’aniline en raison de la convection magnétique et les propriétés magnétiques du radical.L’imagerie MEB et l'analyse topologique ont révélé que, sous MF les films sont essentiellement composés de gonflement des nanofibres et des ilots des polymères qui sont bien répartis sur la surface. Les études de diffraction à rayons X révèlent une amélioration de la cristallinité des couches, sans orientations préférentielles.Mots clés: polymère, polyaniline, aniline, champ magnétique, électropolymerisation, impédance électrochimique, DFT, susceptibilité magnétique. / The effects of static orthogonal magnetic force (MF) on the electropolymerization process of aniline from hydrochloric bath have been investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to examine the mass transfer process and electrochemical reaction process. Different techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the prepared coatings. The results show that deposit rate increased with increasing MF and aniline monomer concentration due to the magneto-convection involving the mass transport and radical magnetic properties. SEM imagery and topological analysis revealed that under MF the films are essentially composed of swelling of the nanofibers and ilots of polymers that are well distributed on the surface. The XRD studies reveal an enhancement of the crystallinity of the coatings without any preferential orientations.Keywords: Polymers, Polyaniline, aniline, Magnetic fiels, Electropolymerization, electrochemical impedance, DFT, magnetic susceptibility .
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Redes neurais artificiais aplicadas à otimização de processos de deposição de filmes finos poliméricos. / Artificial neural networks applied to the optimization of polymeric thin-films deposition processes.Lima, John Paul Hempel 05 May 2006 (has links)
Nesse trabalho é apresentado o estudo de redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) como sistemas de aprendizado, simulação e otimização de processos de deposição de filmes finos poliméricos. Duas técnicas de deposição comumente utilizadas para a fabricação de dispositivos eletrônicos e sensores poliméricos foram escolhidas: i) spin coating ou centrifugação e ii) automontagem. Na primeira técnica, a espessura final dos filmes finos obtidos foi a característica avaliada em função da velocidade de rotação, do tempo de rotação e da concentração da solução polimérica. Como material de deposição, utilizou-se a poli(o-metoxianilina) (POMA). Com a segunda técnica analisou-se a influência sobre a espessura, sobre a condutância elétrica e sobre o espectro de absorção, do número de bicamadas, do tempo de exposição dos filmes a uma solução dopante de ácido clorídrico (HCl) e do pH das mesmas. Os poliíons utilizados nessa técnica foram a polianilina (PAni) e o poli(vinil sulfato de sódio) (PVS). Os filmes obtidos pela segunda técnica de deposição constituem uma classe de sensores capazes de detectar e quantificar concentrações baixas de HCl diluído em água. Os treinamentos e simulações com redes neurais artificiais foram realizados apenas para a espessura dos filmes de POMA e a absorção dos filmes de PAni/PVS. Foram construídas redes neurais artificiais do tipo multilayer perceptron (MLP) utilizando o software MATLAB e o componente Neural Networks Toolbox. A reprodutibilidade e o número de neurônios contidos na camada intermediária foram avaliados. Os resultados mostram que as redes neurais artificiais treinadas fornecem boas respostas simuladas interpolando e extrapolando os valores experimentais utilizados. Como conclusão mostra-se que é possível a utilização dessa ferramenta para auxiliar a engenharia de processos, as técnicas e análises de deposições de filmes finos poliméricos. / In this work it is shown a study of artificial neural networks used as learning and simulating systems to optimize polymeric thin films deposition processes. Two common layer deposition techniques to fabricate polymeric electronic devices and polymeric sensors were chosen: i) spin coating and ii) self-assembly. In the first technique the final thickness of obtained thin films was the analyzed characteristic as a function of spin speed, spin time and solution concentration. For the deposited layers we used poly(o-methoxyaniline) (POMA). In the second technique we analyzed the influence of the number of bilayers, the pH of deposition solutions and the dipping time in the final thickness, electrical resistance and UV-Vis absorption spectra. As polyions, we used polyaniline (PAni) and poly(vinyl sodium sulfate) (PVS). These films could be used as a sensor to detect low concentrations of HCl diluted in water. After obtaining the experimental data we constructed artificial neural networks using multilayer perceptrons (MLP) architecture with MATLAB and its component called Neural Networks Toolbox. The number of neurons in the hidden layer and the reproducibility were analyzed. The results show that the trained artificial neural networks used in this work provide good simulation responses interpolating and extrapolating the experimental data. As a conclusion we show that it is possible to utilize this tool to aid the process engineering and the polymeric thin film deposition techniques and analysis
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Flexible and Cellulose-based Organic ElectronicsEdberg, Jesper January 2017 (has links)
Organic electronics is the study of organic materials with electronic functionality and the applications of such materials. In the 1970s, the discovery that polymers can be made electrically conductive led to an explosion within this field which has continued to grow year by year. One of the attractive features of organic electronic materials is their inherent mechanical flexibility, which has led to the development of numerous flexible electronics technologies such as organic light emitting diodes and solar cells on flexible substrates. The possibility to produce electronics on flexible substrates like plastic or paper has also had a large impact on the field of printed, electronics where inks with electronic functionality are used for large area fabrication of electronic devices using classical printing methods, such as screen printing, inkjet printing and flexography. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of cellulose in organic and printed electronics, not only as a paper substrate but also as a component in composite materials where the cellulose provides mechanical strength and favorable 3D-microstructures. Nanofibrillated cellulose is composed of cellulose fibers with high aspect-ratio and diameters in the nanometer range. Due to its remarkable mechanical strength, large area-to-volume ratio, optical transparency and solution processability it has been widely used as a scaffold or binder for electronically active materials in applications such as batteries, supercapacitors and optoelectronics. The focus of this thesis is on flexible devices based on conductive polymers and can be divided into two parts: (1) Composite materials of nanofibrillated cellulose and the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS and (2) patterning of vapor phase polymerized conductive polymers. In the first part, it is demonstrated how the combination of cellulose and conductive polymers can be used to make electronic materials of various form factors and functionality. Thick, freestanding and flexible “papers” are used to realize electrochemical devices such as transistors and supercapacitors while lightweight, porous and elastic aerogels are used for sensor applications. The second focus of the thesis is on a novel method of patterning conductive polymers produced by vapor phase polymerization using UV-light. This method is used to realize flexible electrochromic smart windows with high-resolution images and tunable optical contrast.
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Estudo funcional das vias auditivas perifÃricas e centrais em pacientes com acromegalia / Functional study of way central and peripheral auditory in patients with acromegalyMarcelo Alexandre Carvalho 18 December 2012 (has links)
Acromegalia à uma doenÃa endÃcrina rara. Poucos estudos avaliaram sua associaÃÃo com deficiÃncia auditiva (DA) ou distÃrbios de conduÃÃo do impulso neural auditivo.Osresultados sÃo conflitantes. O objetivo à avaliar a transmissÃo auditiva central e perifÃrica em pacientes com acromegalia. AlÃm disso, avaliar a prevalÃncia e caracterÃsticas da DA em pacientes com acromegalia. Foi feito um estudo transversal com 36 pacientes com acromegalia de um ambulatÃrio especializado em Fortaleza-CearÃ. Foram excluÃdos pacientes com otoscopia anormal ou com histÃria familiar de deficiÃncia auditiva, uso de ototÃxicos ou exposiÃÃo a ruÃdo ocupacional. Inicialmente, o grupo foi avaliado por meio de audiometria tonal limiar. Considerou-se deficiÃncia auditiva (DA) quando a mÃdia dos tons puros foi > 25DbNA para baixas freqÃÃncias (250, 500, 1000 e 2000 Hz) ou altas freqÃÃncias (3000, 4000, 6000 e 8000 Hz).O grupo foi dividido em: acromegalia com DA (Acro DA) e sem DA (Acro NDA) e comparados quanto aos nÃveis hormonais e parÃmetros metabÃlicos. Posteriormente, este grupo de pacientes com acromegalia foi dividido em 2 subgrupos: com (n=16) e sem (n=20) diabetes ou intolerÃncia à glicose de jejum (DM/IGJ). Os resultados foram comparados entre os subgrupos e grupo controle (n=20) quantos aos parÃmetros dos potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefÃlico (PEATE). Para avaliar a normalidade da distribuiÃÃo foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov quando necessÃrio. Utilizou-se os testes qui-quadrado, t de Student e coeficiente de correlaÃÃo de Pearson. O nÃvel de significÃncia estatÃstica escolhido foi p<0.05 (statistical package for social sciences-SPSS 12.0). Dos 36 pacientes estudados, 14 (38,9%) mostraram DA sensorioneural (Acro DA), sendo em 9 casos bilateral e 5 unilateral. Nenhum apresentou DA mista ou condutiva. A prevalÃncia de DM/IGJ foi similar entre os grupos. As frequÃncias de 250, 3000, 4000, 6000 e 8000 Hz foram as mais afetadas e com padrÃo similar em ambos os lados.O grupo com acromegalia apresentou latÃncia da onda I em orelha direita aumentada em comparaÃÃo ao grupo controle (p=0,007), sem diferenÃa quanto aos intervalos interpicos em nenhum dos lados. Esse padrÃo foi o mesmo quando se comparou o subgrupo com DM/IGJ com o controle.TambÃm houve aumento da latÃncia da onda I na orelha direita em relaÃÃo à orelha esquerda no grupo com acromegalia. Em conclusÃo, mostrou-se uma elevada prevalÃncia de DA sensorioneural em pacientes com acromegalia.No entanto, nÃo se observou relaÃÃo dessa deficiÃncia com caracterÃsticas clÃnicas e metabÃlicas da doenÃa.Pacientes com acromegalia associada DM/IGJ mostraram um retardo no impulso neural no nervo auditivo unilateralmente à direita, evidenciando um efeito neuropÃtico nÃo homogÃneo dos distÃrbios do metabolismo dos carboidratos sobre o nervo auditivo. / Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disease. Few studies have evaluated its association with hearing loss (HL) or disturbance in conduction of the auditory neural impulse. The results are conflicting. The aim is to evaluate central and peripheral auditory transmission in acromegalic patients. Besides, to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of HL in patients with acromegaly. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 36 patients with acromegaly in a specialized ambulatory in Fortaleza-CearÃ. Patients with abnormal otoscopy, family history of hearing loss, use of ototoxic drugs or occupational noise exposure were excluded. Initially, the group was evaluated by pure tone audiometry. HL was considered when pure tone average was > 25 DBHL for low frequencies (250, 500, 1000 e 2000 Hz) or high frequencies (3000, 4000, 6000 e 8000 Hz). The whole group was divided in: acromegaly with HL (Acro HL) and without HL (AcroNHL) and compared in regards to hormonal levels and metabolic parameters. Additionally that group of patients with acromegaly was divided into 2 subgroups: with (n=16) and without (n=20) diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance (DM/IGT). The results were compared among these subgroups and a control group (n=20) regarding the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) parameters.Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of distribution when necessary. Qui-quadrado, Student t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were carried out. The level of statistical significance chosen was at p<0.05 (statistical package for social sciences-SPSS 12.0). Among 36 patients evaluated, 14 (38,9%) showed sensorioneural HL (Acro HL), being 9 bilateral and 5 unilateral cases. No one had mixed or conductive HL. The prevalence of diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance was similar between the groups. The frequencies 250, 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz were the most affected and with a similar pattern in both ears. The group with acromegaly showed a prolonged peak I latency in the right ear in comparison to the control group (p=0,007), with no difference regarding the interpeak intervals in any sides. This pattern was the same when comparing the DM/IGT subgroup to controls. Also, we found a prolonged peak I latency in the right ear in relation to the left ear in the group with acromegaly.In conclusion, a high prevalence of sensorineural HL was shown in patients with acromegaly. Nevertheless, no correlation was observed between this dysfunction and clinical or metabolic characteristics of the disease. Patients with acromegaly associated with DM/IGT showed a delayed neural impulse in the auditory nerve unilaterally in the right side, evidencing a non-homogenous neuropathic effect of the carbohydrate metabolism disturbances on the auditory nerve.
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Estudo e caracterização das perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos devido à presença de barreiras com alta condutividade elétrica. / Study and determination of lossers in permanent magnet couplings due to highly conductive walls.Thomas Rezek Matsumoto 21 January 2015 (has links)
Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são estudar e caracterizar as perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos a ímãs permanentes, quando da existência de uma barreira de material condutor entre seus rotores. Tais perdas são originadas da circulação de correntes parasitas de Foucault na barreira e implicam um torque resistivo ao torque transmitido pelo acoplamento, diminuindo, dessa maneira, a eficácia de sua transmissão. Com este estudo pretendeu-se investigar também a influência desse efeito resistivo na curva característica do acoplamento, ou seja, na curva torque em função do deslocamento angular entre os rotores. A determinação dessa influência da placa condutora no comportamento do acoplamento magnético é de suma importância, uma vez que permite seu correto dimensionamento em aplicações como bombas seladas e agitadores. Para a determinação da influência da barreira, recorreu-se a uma abordagem analítica para o cálculo das perdas geradas pelas correntes parasitas, que são induzidas na placa condutora. Desta forma, foi possível obter o torque resistivo em função dos parâmetros construtivos do acoplamento e da velocidade de rotação. A validação da metodologia empregada será feita pela comparação dos resultados teóricos com os experimentais, através de ensaios num protótipo já construído. / The main objectives of this work are to study and to determine losses in permanent magnet couplings in the presence of a conductive barrier between its rotors. These losses are originated from eddy currents that circulate in the barrier and entail a resistive torque to the torque that is transmitted by the coupling and therefore, reduces the efficiency of its transmission. With this study, it was also intended to investigate such resistive effect influence in the coupling characteristic curve, i.e. in the torque versus angular shift between rotors curve. The determination of the conductive barrier influence on the magnetic coupling behavior is of major importance, since it allows the correct designing in applications as sealed pumps and magnetic stirrers. In order to determine the barrier influence, an analytical approach was used in order to calculate the losses generated by the eddy current circulation, which are induced in the conductive wall. As a result, it was possible to obtain the resistive torque as a function of the magnet coupling geometrical parameters and angular speed. The validation of the employed methodology will be made comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones, obtained from tests in the existing prototype.
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Antenas para sistemas RFID impressas em substrato flexível. / Antennas for RFID systems printed on flexible substrate.Valmiro, Robson 12 February 2015 (has links)
Identificação de Dispositivos por Radiofrequência, do inglês, Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID), é uma tecnologia para identificação, rastreamento e gerenciamento de produtos, animais e até mesmo pessoas sem a necessidade de um campo visual. Com o objetivo de alcançar custos menores e a utilização de processos de fabricação menos agressivo ao meio ambiente, tornou-se importante o desenvolvimento de novos tipos de etiquetas (tags). Em vista disso, a fabricação de antenas impressas compactas usando tinta condutiva, representa uma boa opção. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é o projeto e fabricação de antenas impressas sobre substratos flexíveis utilizando tinta condutiva composta de nanopartículas de prata. O desenvolvimento deste tipo de etiquetas é justificado principalmente pelos seguintes motivos. Primeiro, o processo reduz o uso de agentes químicos comumente empregados na fabricação convencional, levando a uma significativa redução no impacto ambiental. Segundo, a fabricação utilizando substratos como, por exemplo, papel ou polímero, reduz substancialmente o custo final da etiqueta. Estudos teóricos e práticos, juntamente com simulações eletromagnéticas foram realizados. Dois processos de prototipagem da etiqueta foram executados: um utilizando uma impressora jato de tinta que funciona propelindo gotas de tinta sobre o substrato e o outro utilizando serigrafia ou silkscreen printing que é muito prático para imprimir formas geométricas através de uma tela de fios trançados. Esses métodos de impressão permitiram a produção rápida da antena sem a necessidade de máscaras de fotolitografia, como é amplamente utilizado na indústria eletrônica. Quatro protótipos foram produzidos e medidas foram realizadas para verificar a viabilidade da utilização dessas etiquetas impressas em relação à sua operação, a confiabilidade das informações armazenadas e a troca de dados com o leitor RFID via interface aérea. Os resultados práticos foram comparados com os obtidos de etiquetas comerciais, onde foi possível verificar que a antena fabricada com tinta condutiva é capaz de capturar e radiar ondas eletromagnéticas de forma eficiente, resultando em uma troca de dados confiáveis através da interface aérea. / Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID), it is a technology using electromagnetic waves for identifying, tracking and management of products, animals and even people without requiring a visual field. Aiming at achieving low costs and using less aggressive manufacturing processes to the environment, it has become important to develop new types of RFID tags. In view of that, manufacturing compact printed antennas using conductive ink represents a good option. The goal of this research is the design of printed antennas on flexible substrates using silver nanoparticles ink. The developing of this type of tags is justified mainly by the following reasons. First, the process reduces the use of chemical agents commonly employed in conventional manufacturing leading to a significant reduction of the environmental impact. Second, the fabrication using substrates such as paper and polymer foils, substantially reduces the final cost of the tags. Theoretical and practical studies along with electromagnetic simulations were conducted. Two process of RFID prototyping were performed: one using an inkjet printer that operates by propelling particles of conductive ink onto the substrate and another using silkscreen printing that is a very practical method to print geometric forms through a twisted wires screen. These technologies allowed fast production of the antenna without requiring photolithographic masks, as it is widely used in the electronics industry. Four prototypes were produced and measurements were taken to verify the feasibility of using RFID tags printed with conductive ink regarding to its operation, reliability of the stored information and the exchange of data with the RFID reader via air interface. Practical results were compared with those obtained of the commercial tags. It was possible to verify that the antenna manufactured with conductive ink was able to capture and radiate efficiently electromagnetic waves, resulting in reliable exchange of data with the reader through the air interface
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Binaural Performance in Normal-hearing Young Adults Influenced by Short-term Induced Unilateral Conductive and Sensory ChangesSmurzynski, Jacek 30 March 2010 (has links)
There are no data available in the literature that have specifically evaluated differences in adaptation to unilateral conductive or sensory changes. However, based on clinical experience it may be postulated that changes of outer or middle ear function appear to be tolerated more easily than those of cochlear origin. Very often, patients seen in the clinic are unaware of a slight conductive hearing loss. By contrast, patients are immediately disturbed by a minor decline of cochlear function. One of several complaints of these patients is a change in their spatial orientation or difficulties in understanding speech in a noisy environment . The goal of the study was to determine if binaural performance tested psychoacoustically using a lateralization task is influenced differentially by short-term induced unilateral conductive or sensory changes. Lateralization performance was evaluated in seven normal-hearing subjects during induced auditory periphery asymmetry resulting from: l. exposure to noise presented for 5 minutes at 115 dBA SPL or 2. bilateral occlusion with earplugs of unequal attenuation for 48 hrs. An adaptive procedure was used to detenmine hearing thresholds of a 4-kHz narrow-band noise (NBN). In a lateralization task subjects indicated the positions of intracranial images created by the same NBN pr esented binaurally at SO dB SL with interau ral level differences ( I LDs) varying within plus/minus 12 dB. The tests were performed over a one-hour period post-exposure, immediately prior to and following plugging the ears, and at 24 and 48 hrs post-plugging. Immediately after the exposure or after plugging, there was a shift of lateral ization towards an unexposed side or the side blocked by the plug with a smaller attenuation, respectively. After a few minutes post-exposure, signals with I LD=0 were lateralized at midl ine. Within 30 minutes post -plugging, those signals were gradually lateralized closer to midline but remained off center for the rest of the plugging period. Thus, subjects showed fast adaptation to induced unilateral sensorineural changes and incomplete adaptation to induced asymmetrical conductive changes. Those rather unexpected r esults can be explained using a qualitative model assuming that: 1. a conductive impainment reflects a loss of sensitivity and 2. a cochlear impairment reflects both a loss of sensitivity and of the compressive nonlinearity on the basilar membrane. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of psychoacoustical studies on hearing-impaired listeners with a majority of them directed toward revealing deficits in monaural processing. However, in most acoustic environments encountered in everyday life, there are multiple sounds originating from different sources, and hearing-impaired people often display less binaural advantage than do normally hearing persons. The results of the cu rrent study support the view of the lack of a simple relationship between monaural and binaural processing, which is often r eported in studies on hearing-impaired people. This is an important issue in the process of fitting hearing aids binaurally.
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Trådlös laddning med en textil : Kan en broderad spole möjliggöra induktionsladdning av en mobiltelefon?Bergmark Giesler, Linn, Abrahamsson, Anna January 2019 (has links)
The development of electronic textiles has increased significantly during the last ten years. By integrating electronic components or using conductive thread you can create textiles with different technical functions. CEVT is a innovation company within the automotive industry who have gained interest in electronic textiles. The department of innovation want to explore the possibility to integrate electronic textiles into future cars. The mission they have assigned us is a sub-goal in a larger end goal in which we will investigate whether one can develope a textile that can charge a phone wirelessly. To do this, a textile transmitter coil must be produced to enable the induction charging, which is what wireless charging really means. The method that was chosen to produce the textile transmitter coil was embroidery and the conductive thread that was used was a silver plated polyamide thread (HC12) from Sheildex. The thread had a resistance of <100 Ω per meter and some difficulties arose early on, where the resistance of the embroidered coil was to high. To reduce the resistance multiple stitches were sewn together and the conductive thread was also used as a lower thread. The resistance of the final coil had an average of almost 15 Ω which was significantly higher than desired. Tests were made to measure the inductive capability of the embroidered coil. This was done by measuring the power transmission between an embroidered coil and a Samsung Galaxy s8 reciever coil. The results showed that a power transmission was enabled, which means that it works. Though the power transmission was a lot lower when compaired to a commercial transmitter coil that was tested at the same time. The project did not result in a fabric that could wirelessly charge a mobile phone. Nevertheless, the test results showed that it is possible, since a power transmission did occur between the textile coil and the coil from the Samsung. Further research and optimization of the textile coil would be required to realize the induction charging textile. Two interesting ways to go would be by using another embroidery technique called Fibre Tailored Placement (FTP) or by developing a new conductive embroidery thread, with a lower resistance. / The development of electronic textiles has increased significantly during the last ten years. By integrating electronic components or using conductive thread you can create textiles with different technical functions. CEVT is a innovation company within the automotive industry who have gained interest in electronic textiles. The department of innovation want to explore the possibility to integrate electronic textiles into future cars. The mission they have assigned us is a sub-goal in a larger end goal in which we will investigate whether one can develope a textile that can charge a phone wirelessly. To do this, a textile transmitter coil must be produced to enable the induction charging, which is what wireless charging really means.The method that was chosen to produce the textile transmitter coil was embroidery and the conductive thread that was used was a silver plated polyamide thread (HC12) from Sheildex. The thread had a resistance of <100 Ω per meter and some difficulties arose early on, where the resistance of the embroidered coil was to high. To reduce the resistance multiple stitches were sewn together and the conductive thread was also used as a lower thread. The resistance of the final coil had an average of almost 15 Ω which was significantly higher than desired.Tests were made to measure the inductive capability of the embroidered coil. This was done by measuring the power transmission between an embroidered coil and a Samsung Galaxy s8 reciever coil. The results showed that a power transmission was enabled, which means that it works. Though the power transmission was a lot lower when compaired to a commercial transmitter coil that was tested at the same time.The project did not result in a fabric that could wirelessly charge a mobile phone. Nevertheless, the test results showed that it is possible, since a power transmission did occur between the textile coil and the coil from the Samsung. Further research and optimization of the textile coil would be required to realize the induction charging textile. Two interesting ways to go would be by using another embroidery technique called Fibre Tailored Placement (FTP) or by developing a new conductive embroidery thread, with a lower resistance.
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