Bakgrund: Inom slutenvården är konfusion den vanligaste komplikationen hos patienter som är 65 år eller äldre. Denna grupp individer utgör majoriteten av besöken på landets akutvårdsavdelningar och en ökning av antalet och andelen äldre väntas framöver. Konfusion är akut hjärnsvikt och innebär ett oerhört lidande för den äldre patienten som hade kunnat förhindras eller lindras med kunskap och vedertagen vårdrutin.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att, i slutenvården, beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda och bemöta äldre patienter med konfusion, eller ökad risk för konfusion; för att få en ökad förståelse för sjuksköterskors resonemang vid omhändertagandet av denna patientgrupp. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt med induktiv syntes av kvalitativa data. Resultat: Analysen av 12 kvalitativa artiklar resulterade i tre teman med underkategorier; Tema 1 – Rutiner och Kompetens, Tema 2 - Hinder och Möjligheter samt Tema 3 - Betydelsen av resurser. Studien visar att sjuksköterskor har olika erfarenheter och upplevelser kring konfusion, de flesta sjuksköterskorna upplevde sig ha bristfälliga kunskaper kring tillståndet och användning av skattningsverktyg. Tidsbrist, hög arbetsbelastning och brist på resurser uppgavs som vanliga orsaker till att konfusion inte prioriteras och icke-farmakologiska åtgärder inte genomförs. Tillgång till stöd från specialistteam var mycket uppskattat men det kunde dock vara svårt att få till sådant stöd.  Slutsats: Några slutsatser utifrån studiens resultat är att mer utbildning kring konfusion och användning av skattningsverktyg behövs, kunskapen behöver implementeras på vårdavdelningarna och stöd från specialistteam hade varit att föredra tidigt i skedet. / Background: In inpatient care, delirium is the most common complication in patients aged 65 years or older. This group individuals makes up the majority of visits to the country’s emergency departments and an increase in the number and proportion of the elderly is expected in the future. Delirium is acute brain failure and involves an enormous suffering for the elderly patient who could have been prevented or relieved with knowledge and accepted care routine.  Aims: The purpose of the study is to, in inpatient care, describe nurses’ experiences of caring for and treating elderly patients with delirium, or increased risk of delirium; to gain an increased understanding of nurses’ reasoning in the care of this patient group.  Method: A systematic literature review with inductive synthesis of qualitative data. Results: The analysis of 12 qualitative articles resulted in three themes with subcategories; Theme 1 - Routines and Competence, Theme 2 – Obstacles and Opportunities and Theme 3 - The meaning of resources. This study shows that nurses have different experiences about delirium, most nurses felt that they had insufficient knowledge about the condition and the use of estimation tools. Lack of time, high workload and lack of resources were stated as common reasons why delirium is not prioritized and non-pharmacological measures are not implemented. Access to support from a specialist team was much appreciated, but it could be difficult to get such support. Conclusion: Some conclusions based on the results of this study are that more training on delirium and the use of estimation tools is needed, the knowledge needs to be implemented in the care departments and support from specialist teams would have been preferable early in the stage.

The fairy tale of Cinderella is known for its romance, but she seeks independence while being confused by her identity in a new version by Marissa Meyer called Cinder. This essay will present how Meyer’s Cinderella, Cinder, confuses the gender roles by taking on both feminine and masculine ones. This blend makes Cinder not entirely compatible with the norms, and her identity confusion makes it even harder, which results in her losing her conception of self. While she is trying to conform to the gender norms and receive recognition from others (be accepted by society), she denies her heritage and cyborg self to the point of creating a false identity. However, her cybernetics and abuse prevent her from being recognized – she even loses her only source of recognition, which indicates that a norm breaker is not worthy of having it. Nevertheless, Cinder shows signs of what a queer cyborg would do if forced into an identity; as queer, Cinder is not meant to be embodied or forced into an identity and should also have the ability to be free and change her identity as she pleases. Regardless of being queer, the abuse and society’s views prevent her from escaping her identity confusion.

Syftet med undersökningen är att se hur filmen The Father (2020) av Florian Zeller gestaltar en subjektiv upplevelse av demenssymtom och ifall de gestaltningsmetoderna kan leda till att åskådarna lättare relaterar till huvudkaraktärernas subjektiva upplevelse. Undersökningen är en fallstudie av scen 2 ur filmen eftersom denna scen visar på störst temporal dissonans mellan story och plot. Scen 2 analyseras kvalitativt baserat på teorier om filmtekniker och koncept som cirkulerar kring ämnena tid och förvirring. Resultatet visar att The Father använder sig av empuzzlement, deceptive continuity, analeps, proleps, repetitiv förekomst, déjà vu, likvärdighet mellan karaktärer, kopian och ihopblandning av personer för att sätta åskådaren i samma situation som huvudkaraktären befinner sig i vilket kan leda till ökad kognitiv empati för huvudkaraktären. Diskussionen föreslår starten för användningen av begreppet “Incertuleps” för obestämda tidshopp i narratologi och diskuterar också hur vidare forskning bör använda sig av att intervjua personer som sett The Father. / This thesis aims to see how the movie The Father (2020) by Florian Zeller visualizes a subjective experience of the symptoms of dementia and if these ways of visualizing it can result in the audience more easily relating to the main character's subjective experience. The method for this study is a case study of scene 2 in the movie since it shows the biggest temporal dissonance between the story and the plot. Scene 2 is analyzed qualitatively based on theories of filmmaking techniques and concepts revolving around time and confusion. The result shows that The Father uses empuzzlement, deceptive continuity, analepsis, prolepsis, repetitive occurrance, déjà vu, equivalence between characters, the copy and the mixing of people to place the audience in the same situation as the main character which then can lead to the audience having more cognitive empathy for the main character. The diskussion proposes the start of using the term “Incertulepsis” for undefinable jumps in time in narration and also discusses how future research should use interviews on people that have watched The Father.

When using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to train Artificial Neural Networks, gradient variance comes from two sources: differences in the weights of the network when each batch gradient is estimated and differences between the input values in each batch. Some architectural traits, like skip-connections and batch-normalization, allow much deeper networks to be trained by reducing each type of variance and improving the conditioning of the network gradient with respect to both the weights and the input. It is still unclear to which degree each property is responsible for these dramatic stability improvements when training deep networks. This thesis summarizes previous findings related to gradient conditioning in each case, demonstrates efficient methods by which each can be measured independently, and investigates the contribution each makes to the stability and speed of SGD in various architectures as network depth increases.

Beginning with my exploration of art as an aesthetic object, this paper shows the growth of my work and concept. Through my practice, I have been able to understand the contradictions in my traditional society and western modernity. It has helped me grapple with my own beliefs, and begin to confront those I don't agree with.

Title: Likelihood of confusion between trademarks Author: Jakub Kučera Department: Institute of Copyright, Industrial Property and Competition Law Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Vladimír Pítra Abstract: This master thesis deals with the likelihood of confusion between trademarks. The aim of this thesis is to analyse various factors, which decisive authority takes into account when assessing the likelihood of confusion between trademarks and due to the extensiveness of this issue the thesis focuses only on selected key aspects. The aim of this thesis is also to analyse the case law of the ECJ and the court regarding the likelihood of confusion on basis of which the Czech courts often decide. This thesis is divided into eight chapters, which contains several subchapters. The first chapter deals with current importance of trademarks and also with the term trademark as defined in Trademark Act and in the relevant EU legislation with regard to changes in definition of trademark due to the adoption of Directive of European parliament and Council (EU) 2015/2436 and Regulation of European parliament and Council (EU) 2015/2424. The second chapter deals with the legislation dealing with of likelihood of confusion as to the Czech level and EU level. This chapter also pays attention to various authorities that assess the...

Nous présentons des méthodes statistiques reposant sur des problèmes de factorisation matricielle. Une première méthode permet l'inférence rapide de la structure de populations à partir de données génétiques en incluant l'information de proximité géographique. Une deuxième méthode permet de corriger les études d'association pour les facteurs de confusion. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit les modèles, ainsi que les aspects théoriques des algorithmes d'inférence. De plus, à l'aide de simulations numériques, nous comparons les performances de nos méthodes à celles des méthodes existantes. Enfin, nous utilisons nos méthodes sur des données biologiques réelles. Nos méthodes ont été implémentées et distribuées sous la forme de packages R : tess3r et lfmm. / We present statistical methods based on matrix factorization problems. A first method allows efficient inference of population structure from genetic data and including geographic proximity information. A second method corrects the association studies for confounding factors. We present in this manuscript the models, as well as the theoretical aspects of the inference algorithms. Moreover, using numerical simulations, we compare the performance of our methods with those of existing methods. Finally, we use our methods on real biological data. Our methods have been implemented and distributed as R packages: tess3r and lfmm.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos automatinės vertimo sistemos, pagrindiniai jų veikimo principai ir šių sistemų integracijos būdai. Detaliai aprašoma populiarių šiuo metu statistinių vertimo sistemų struktūra, pateikiami šių ir tradicinių (taisyklėmis paremtų) sistemų privalumai ir trūkumai. Pristatomos visos šiuo metu egzistuojančios automatinio vertimo sistemos lietuvių ir anglų kalbų porai, išaiškinami jų privalumai ir trūkumai. Lingvistiniu požiūriu nagrinėjamos lietuvių ir anglų kalbos, išvardinami šių kalbų panašumai, skirtumai ir sunkumai, kylantys verčiant iš vienos kalbos į kitą. Taip pat pateikiami įvairūs automatinio vertimo įvertinimo būdai, įskaitant populiarų BLEU įvertinimo metodą. Išvardinamos ir analizuojamos užsienio autorių siūlomos automatinio vertimo sistemų integracijos architektūros. Apžvelgiami sumaišymo tinklai, kurie naudojami kuriant integruotą vertimo sistemą. Pateikiama originali mišriosios vertimo sistemos įgyvendinimo metodika. Integruota sistema yra praktiškai įgyvendinama. Šios sistemos ir kitų vertimo sistemų anglų ir lietuvių kalbų porai rezultatai yra įvertinami ir palyginami. Atlikus teorinę automatinio vertimo sistemų apžvalgą ir praktiškai įgyvendinus mišriąją vertimo sistemą, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir siūlymai. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, automatinio vertimo sistemų analizė, mišriųjų automatinio vertimo sistemų analizė, mišriosios automatinio vertimo sistemos sukūrimas, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master’s thesis analyses machine translation systems, their principles of operation and the methods used in integrating these systems. The structure of popular statistical machine translation systems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such systems is described in detali. The existing machine translation systems for the Lithuanian-English language pair along with their abilities and shortcomings are presented. Lithuanian and English languages are analysed from the linguistic perspective. The similarities and differences between these languages, as well as the difficulties, arising in translating the text from one language to another are discussed. Moreover, different machine translation evaluation methods, including the popular BLEU metric, are reviewed. Various architectures for integrating multiple machine translation systems, offered by foreign authors, are presented and analysed. Confusion networks, which are used in integrating machine translation systems, are discussed. An original method of implementing the hybrid machine translation system is offered. The hybrid system is implemented in practice. The translation results obtained from the created system and the existing systems for the Lithuanian-English language pair are assessed and compared. Finally, after performing the theoretical review of machine translation systems and implementing the hybrid system, conclusions and recommendations are provided. The thesis consists of 6 parts: introduction, the... [to full text]

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is designed to physically remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. Frequently replacing DPF is a waste of resource and waiting for full utilization is risky and very costly, so, what is the optimal time/milage to change DPF? Answering this question is very difficult without knowing when the DPF is changed in a vehicle. We are finding the answer with supervised machine learning algorithms for detecting anomalies in vehicles off-board sensor data (operational data of vehicles). Filter change is considered an anomaly because it is rare as compared to normal data. Non-sequential machine learning algorithms for anomaly detection like oneclass support vector machine (OC-SVM), k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and random forest (RF) are applied for the first time on DPF dataset. The dataset is unbalanced, and accuracy is found misleading as a performance measure for the algorithms. Precision, recall, and F1-score are found good measure for the performance of the machine learning algorithms when the data is unbalanced. RF gave highest F1-score of 0.55 than K-NN (0.52) and OCSVM (0.51). It means that RF perform better than K-NN and OC-SVM but after further investigation it is concluded that the results are not satisfactory. However, a sequential approach should have been tried which could yield better result.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-13T21:15:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Winter.pdf: 1507257 bytes, checksum: 938194a6dc53572559e3bd377245140d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-13T21:15:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Winter.pdf: 1507257 bytes, checksum: 938194a6dc53572559e3bd377245140d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-12-16T17:40:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Winter.pdf: 1507257 bytes, checksum: 938194a6dc53572559e3bd377245140d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / Within the literature of Consumer Behavior and Decision Theory there is a considerable body of theory that analyzes negative feelings and negative reactions in the decision making process, concerning high and low involvement products. Several phenomena are identified as negative in the process, such as Consumer Confusion, which comprises three dimensions: i) too much similar information about products, ii) a lot of information about different products and iii) false and ambiguous information. This phenomenon, however, seems to be moderated by a set of variables, such as Involvement, Experience and Time Constraints (moderating the relationship between Consumer Confusion and Purchase Intention). This was identified through in-depth interviews. The results of the interviews enabled the identification of moderating variables, as well as the existence of the phenomenon and its relation to the Purchase Intention. In the second phase of the research, it is assumed that individuals with low Involvement and Time Constraints have a greater propensity to confusion. In Study 2, Involvement and Time Constraint were used as moderators, both manipulated by instruction, and the dependent variables were Purchase Intention and Consumer Confusion. The results of Study 2 allowed the reseracher to infer that there are, indeed, significant differences between the groups, when analyzing the variable Consumer Confusion, but in most groups the Purchase Intention was not significantly different. In Study 3, Experience (strong and weak) and Consumer Confusion were manipulated and the dependent variable was Purchase Intention. The results of Study 3 also allowed to infer that there are significant differences between groups referring to Purchase Intention, when considered low or high confusion as well as strong or weak Experience. In the last phase of the research, consumer strategies for dealing with the phenomenon were the focus of the study. Such strategies often mediate subsequent behavior, for instance, purchase itself. In Study 4, Consumer Confusion was manipulated in two of its dimensions: overload and similarity. It was possible to identifie the preponderance of two strategies: search for additional information and postponement of the purchase decision. / Dentro da literatura de Comportamento do Consumidor e Teoria da Decisão existe considerável corpo teórico que analisa sentimentos negativos e reações adversas no processo decisório de compras de produtos de alto e baixo envolvimento. Vários fenômenos são identificados como negativos no processo, principalmente a Confusão do Consumidor, que compreende três dimensões: i) muitas informações similares sobre produtos, ii) muitas informações sobre diferentes produtos e iii) informações falsas e ambíguas. Tal fenômeno, no entanto, parece ser moderado por um conjunto de variáveis, como o Envolvimento, a Experiência e a Restrição de Tempo (moderadoras da relação entre Confusão do Consumidor e Intenção de Compra). Este fato foi identificado através de entrevistas em profundidade. Os resultados das entrevistas permitiram identificar as variáveis moderadoras, assim como a existência do fenômeno e sua relação com a decisão final de compra. Na segunda fase da pesquisa, supõe-se que indivíduos com baixo Envolvimento e Restrição de Tempo possuam uma propensão maior à confusão. No Estudo 2 foram utilizados como moderadores o Envolvimento e a Restrição de Tempo, ambos manipulados por instrução, sendo as variáveis dependentes a Intenção de Compra e a Confusão do Consumidor. Os resultados do Estudo 2 permitiram inferir que existem diferenças significativas entre os grupos, quando analisada a variável Confusão do Consumidor, mas, em alguns grupos, a Intenção de Compra não era significativamente diferente. No Estudo 3 foram manipuladas a Experiência (forte e fraca) e a Confusão do Consumidor, sendo a variável dependente a Intenção de Compra. Os resultados do Estudo 3 também permitiram inferir que existem diferenças significativas entre os grupos na Intenção de compra, quando consideradas baixa ou alta confusão, assim como Experiência forte ou fraca. Na última fase da pesquisa foram destacadas as estratégias dos consumidores para lidar com o fenômeno Confusão do Consumidor. Tais estratégias, muitas vezes, são mediadoras de comportamentos posteriores, como a compra do produto. No Estudo 4 manipulou-se a Confusão do Consumidor em duas de suas dimensões. Foi possível destacar a preponderância da estratégia por busca de informações e postergação da decisão, quando o consumidor se depara com situações confusas.