The fairy tale of Cinderella is known for its romance, but she seeks independence while being confused by her identity in a new version by Marissa Meyer called Cinder. This essay will present how Meyer’s Cinderella, Cinder, confuses the gender roles by taking on both feminine and masculine ones. This blend makes Cinder not entirely compatible with the norms, and her identity confusion makes it even harder, which results in her losing her conception of self. While she is trying to conform to the gender norms and receive recognition from others (be accepted by society), she denies her heritage and cyborg self to the point of creating a false identity. However, her cybernetics and abuse prevent her from being recognized – she even loses her only source of recognition, which indicates that a norm breaker is not worthy of having it. Nevertheless, Cinder shows signs of what a queer cyborg would do if forced into an identity; as queer, Cinder is not meant to be embodied or forced into an identity and should also have the ability to be free and change her identity as she pleases. Regardless of being queer, the abuse and society’s views prevent her from escaping her identity confusion.

Syftet med undersökningen är att se hur filmen The Father (2020) av Florian Zeller gestaltar en subjektiv upplevelse av demenssymtom och ifall de gestaltningsmetoderna kan leda till att åskådarna lättare relaterar till huvudkaraktärernas subjektiva upplevelse. Undersökningen är en fallstudie av scen 2 ur filmen eftersom denna scen visar på störst temporal dissonans mellan story och plot. Scen 2 analyseras kvalitativt baserat på teorier om filmtekniker och koncept som cirkulerar kring ämnena tid och förvirring. Resultatet visar att The Father använder sig av empuzzlement, deceptive continuity, analeps, proleps, repetitiv förekomst, déjà vu, likvärdighet mellan karaktärer, kopian och ihopblandning av personer för att sätta åskådaren i samma situation som huvudkaraktären befinner sig i vilket kan leda till ökad kognitiv empati för huvudkaraktären. Diskussionen föreslår starten för användningen av begreppet “Incertuleps” för obestämda tidshopp i narratologi och diskuterar också hur vidare forskning bör använda sig av att intervjua personer som sett The Father. / This thesis aims to see how the movie The Father (2020) by Florian Zeller visualizes a subjective experience of the symptoms of dementia and if these ways of visualizing it can result in the audience more easily relating to the main character's subjective experience. The method for this study is a case study of scene 2 in the movie since it shows the biggest temporal dissonance between the story and the plot. Scene 2 is analyzed qualitatively based on theories of filmmaking techniques and concepts revolving around time and confusion. The result shows that The Father uses empuzzlement, deceptive continuity, analepsis, prolepsis, repetitive occurrance, déjà vu, equivalence between characters, the copy and the mixing of people to place the audience in the same situation as the main character which then can lead to the audience having more cognitive empathy for the main character. The diskussion proposes the start of using the term “Incertulepsis” for undefinable jumps in time in narration and also discusses how future research should use interviews on people that have watched The Father.

When using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to train Artificial Neural Networks, gradient variance comes from two sources: differences in the weights of the network when each batch gradient is estimated and differences between the input values in each batch. Some architectural traits, like skip-connections and batch-normalization, allow much deeper networks to be trained by reducing each type of variance and improving the conditioning of the network gradient with respect to both the weights and the input. It is still unclear to which degree each property is responsible for these dramatic stability improvements when training deep networks. This thesis summarizes previous findings related to gradient conditioning in each case, demonstrates efficient methods by which each can be measured independently, and investigates the contribution each makes to the stability and speed of SGD in various architectures as network depth increases.

Beginning with my exploration of art as an aesthetic object, this paper shows the growth of my work and concept. Through my practice, I have been able to understand the contradictions in my traditional society and western modernity. It has helped me grapple with my own beliefs, and begin to confront those I don't agree with.

Title: Likelihood of confusion between trademarks Author: Jakub Kučera Department: Institute of Copyright, Industrial Property and Competition Law Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Vladimír Pítra Abstract: This master thesis deals with the likelihood of confusion between trademarks. The aim of this thesis is to analyse various factors, which decisive authority takes into account when assessing the likelihood of confusion between trademarks and due to the extensiveness of this issue the thesis focuses only on selected key aspects. The aim of this thesis is also to analyse the case law of the ECJ and the court regarding the likelihood of confusion on basis of which the Czech courts often decide. This thesis is divided into eight chapters, which contains several subchapters. The first chapter deals with current importance of trademarks and also with the term trademark as defined in Trademark Act and in the relevant EU legislation with regard to changes in definition of trademark due to the adoption of Directive of European parliament and Council (EU) 2015/2436 and Regulation of European parliament and Council (EU) 2015/2424. The second chapter deals with the legislation dealing with of likelihood of confusion as to the Czech level and EU level. This chapter also pays attention to various authorities that assess the...

Nous présentons des méthodes statistiques reposant sur des problèmes de factorisation matricielle. Une première méthode permet l'inférence rapide de la structure de populations à partir de données génétiques en incluant l'information de proximité géographique. Une deuxième méthode permet de corriger les études d'association pour les facteurs de confusion. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit les modèles, ainsi que les aspects théoriques des algorithmes d'inférence. De plus, à l'aide de simulations numériques, nous comparons les performances de nos méthodes à celles des méthodes existantes. Enfin, nous utilisons nos méthodes sur des données biologiques réelles. Nos méthodes ont été implémentées et distribuées sous la forme de packages R : tess3r et lfmm. / We present statistical methods based on matrix factorization problems. A first method allows efficient inference of population structure from genetic data and including geographic proximity information. A second method corrects the association studies for confounding factors. We present in this manuscript the models, as well as the theoretical aspects of the inference algorithms. Moreover, using numerical simulations, we compare the performance of our methods with those of existing methods. Finally, we use our methods on real biological data. Our methods have been implemented and distributed as R packages: tess3r and lfmm.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos automatinės vertimo sistemos, pagrindiniai jų veikimo principai ir šių sistemų integracijos būdai. Detaliai aprašoma populiarių šiuo metu statistinių vertimo sistemų struktūra, pateikiami šių ir tradicinių (taisyklėmis paremtų) sistemų privalumai ir trūkumai. Pristatomos visos šiuo metu egzistuojančios automatinio vertimo sistemos lietuvių ir anglų kalbų porai, išaiškinami jų privalumai ir trūkumai. Lingvistiniu požiūriu nagrinėjamos lietuvių ir anglų kalbos, išvardinami šių kalbų panašumai, skirtumai ir sunkumai, kylantys verčiant iš vienos kalbos į kitą. Taip pat pateikiami įvairūs automatinio vertimo įvertinimo būdai, įskaitant populiarų BLEU įvertinimo metodą. Išvardinamos ir analizuojamos užsienio autorių siūlomos automatinio vertimo sistemų integracijos architektūros. Apžvelgiami sumaišymo tinklai, kurie naudojami kuriant integruotą vertimo sistemą. Pateikiama originali mišriosios vertimo sistemos įgyvendinimo metodika. Integruota sistema yra praktiškai įgyvendinama. Šios sistemos ir kitų vertimo sistemų anglų ir lietuvių kalbų porai rezultatai yra įvertinami ir palyginami. Atlikus teorinę automatinio vertimo sistemų apžvalgą ir praktiškai įgyvendinus mišriąją vertimo sistemą, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir siūlymai. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, automatinio vertimo sistemų analizė, mišriųjų automatinio vertimo sistemų analizė, mišriosios automatinio vertimo sistemos sukūrimas, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master’s thesis analyses machine translation systems, their principles of operation and the methods used in integrating these systems. The structure of popular statistical machine translation systems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such systems is described in detali. The existing machine translation systems for the Lithuanian-English language pair along with their abilities and shortcomings are presented. Lithuanian and English languages are analysed from the linguistic perspective. The similarities and differences between these languages, as well as the difficulties, arising in translating the text from one language to another are discussed. Moreover, different machine translation evaluation methods, including the popular BLEU metric, are reviewed. Various architectures for integrating multiple machine translation systems, offered by foreign authors, are presented and analysed. Confusion networks, which are used in integrating machine translation systems, are discussed. An original method of implementing the hybrid machine translation system is offered. The hybrid system is implemented in practice. The translation results obtained from the created system and the existing systems for the Lithuanian-English language pair are assessed and compared. Finally, after performing the theoretical review of machine translation systems and implementing the hybrid system, conclusions and recommendations are provided. The thesis consists of 6 parts: introduction, the... [to full text]

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is designed to physically remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. Frequently replacing DPF is a waste of resource and waiting for full utilization is risky and very costly, so, what is the optimal time/milage to change DPF? Answering this question is very difficult without knowing when the DPF is changed in a vehicle. We are finding the answer with supervised machine learning algorithms for detecting anomalies in vehicles off-board sensor data (operational data of vehicles). Filter change is considered an anomaly because it is rare as compared to normal data. Non-sequential machine learning algorithms for anomaly detection like oneclass support vector machine (OC-SVM), k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and random forest (RF) are applied for the first time on DPF dataset. The dataset is unbalanced, and accuracy is found misleading as a performance measure for the algorithms. Precision, recall, and F1-score are found good measure for the performance of the machine learning algorithms when the data is unbalanced. RF gave highest F1-score of 0.55 than K-NN (0.52) and OCSVM (0.51). It means that RF perform better than K-NN and OC-SVM but after further investigation it is concluded that the results are not satisfactory. However, a sequential approach should have been tried which could yield better result.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-13T21:15:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Winter.pdf: 1507257 bytes, checksum: 938194a6dc53572559e3bd377245140d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-13T21:15:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Winter.pdf: 1507257 bytes, checksum: 938194a6dc53572559e3bd377245140d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-12-16T17:40:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Winter.pdf: 1507257 bytes, checksum: 938194a6dc53572559e3bd377245140d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / Within the literature of Consumer Behavior and Decision Theory there is a considerable body of theory that analyzes negative feelings and negative reactions in the decision making process, concerning high and low involvement products. Several phenomena are identified as negative in the process, such as Consumer Confusion, which comprises three dimensions: i) too much similar information about products, ii) a lot of information about different products and iii) false and ambiguous information. This phenomenon, however, seems to be moderated by a set of variables, such as Involvement, Experience and Time Constraints (moderating the relationship between Consumer Confusion and Purchase Intention). This was identified through in-depth interviews. The results of the interviews enabled the identification of moderating variables, as well as the existence of the phenomenon and its relation to the Purchase Intention. In the second phase of the research, it is assumed that individuals with low Involvement and Time Constraints have a greater propensity to confusion. In Study 2, Involvement and Time Constraint were used as moderators, both manipulated by instruction, and the dependent variables were Purchase Intention and Consumer Confusion. The results of Study 2 allowed the reseracher to infer that there are, indeed, significant differences between the groups, when analyzing the variable Consumer Confusion, but in most groups the Purchase Intention was not significantly different. In Study 3, Experience (strong and weak) and Consumer Confusion were manipulated and the dependent variable was Purchase Intention. The results of Study 3 also allowed to infer that there are significant differences between groups referring to Purchase Intention, when considered low or high confusion as well as strong or weak Experience. In the last phase of the research, consumer strategies for dealing with the phenomenon were the focus of the study. Such strategies often mediate subsequent behavior, for instance, purchase itself. In Study 4, Consumer Confusion was manipulated in two of its dimensions: overload and similarity. It was possible to identifie the preponderance of two strategies: search for additional information and postponement of the purchase decision. / Dentro da literatura de Comportamento do Consumidor e Teoria da Decisão existe considerável corpo teórico que analisa sentimentos negativos e reações adversas no processo decisório de compras de produtos de alto e baixo envolvimento. Vários fenômenos são identificados como negativos no processo, principalmente a Confusão do Consumidor, que compreende três dimensões: i) muitas informações similares sobre produtos, ii) muitas informações sobre diferentes produtos e iii) informações falsas e ambíguas. Tal fenômeno, no entanto, parece ser moderado por um conjunto de variáveis, como o Envolvimento, a Experiência e a Restrição de Tempo (moderadoras da relação entre Confusão do Consumidor e Intenção de Compra). Este fato foi identificado através de entrevistas em profundidade. Os resultados das entrevistas permitiram identificar as variáveis moderadoras, assim como a existência do fenômeno e sua relação com a decisão final de compra. Na segunda fase da pesquisa, supõe-se que indivíduos com baixo Envolvimento e Restrição de Tempo possuam uma propensão maior à confusão. No Estudo 2 foram utilizados como moderadores o Envolvimento e a Restrição de Tempo, ambos manipulados por instrução, sendo as variáveis dependentes a Intenção de Compra e a Confusão do Consumidor. Os resultados do Estudo 2 permitiram inferir que existem diferenças significativas entre os grupos, quando analisada a variável Confusão do Consumidor, mas, em alguns grupos, a Intenção de Compra não era significativamente diferente. No Estudo 3 foram manipuladas a Experiência (forte e fraca) e a Confusão do Consumidor, sendo a variável dependente a Intenção de Compra. Os resultados do Estudo 3 também permitiram inferir que existem diferenças significativas entre os grupos na Intenção de compra, quando consideradas baixa ou alta confusão, assim como Experiência forte ou fraca. Na última fase da pesquisa foram destacadas as estratégias dos consumidores para lidar com o fenômeno Confusão do Consumidor. Tais estratégias, muitas vezes, são mediadoras de comportamentos posteriores, como a compra do produto. No Estudo 4 manipulou-se a Confusão do Consumidor em duas de suas dimensões. Foi possível destacar a preponderância da estratégia por busca de informações e postergação da decisão, quando o consumidor se depara com situações confusas.

A utilização de instrumentos que orientem e garanta a avaliação da dor de forma acurada nos idosos, em especial os confusos, é uma necessidade sentida na prática de enfermagem. Existe no Brasil, uma lacuna de instrumentos que avaliam dor em idosos confusos. Dentre os instrumentos para avaliação da dor em idosos confusos está o Instrumento de Avaliação de dor em Idosos confusos (IADIC), esta escala foi desenvolvida nos Estados Unidos com o objetivo de avaliar a dor em idosos confusos. Este instrumento é composto por nove constructos agrupados em quatro componentes, onde o somatório dos constructos com resposta positiva indica a intensidade da dor, em uma escala onde, zero representa nenhuma dor e nove representa a pior dor. Nessa perspectiva realizou-se este estudo metodológico, com objetivo de realizar o pré-teste e validar as propriedades psicométricas do IADIC com pacientes idosos em pós-operatório imediato. Para a validação do IADIC foram elegíveis pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos em pós-operatório imediato, submetidos a procedimentos eletivos e de urgência, submetidos à anestesia geral e bloqueio/sedação, internados na SR-HNSC e diagnosticados como confusos após aplicação do Confusion Assessment Method - CAM. Foram excluídos os pacientes com diagnóstico médico prévio de Doença de Alzheimer, Acidente Vascular Encefálico e Depressão. A amostra foi composta de 104 pacientes. Dentre as propriedades psicométricas, avaliou-se a fidedignidade (consistência interna e estabilidade), e a validade através das cargas fatoriais dos constructos, da validade de construto, através da validade discriminante, das variáveis sexo, faixa etária e complexidade cirúrgica. A versão adaptada do IADIC foi aplicada em uma amostra de 30 pacientes idosos, para realização do pré-teste, apresentando um Alfa de Cronbach total de α= 0,889, indicativo de boa consistência interna dos itens. Quanto à fidedignidade da versão adaptada do IADIC o valor de Alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,873, para o total do instrumento. Na concordância interobservador foi possível observar a estabilidade do instrumento para as respostas entre os dois observadores onde o escore total mostra que a diferença entre os avaliadores não foi significativa (p=0,392). O coeficiente de correlação de intraclasse (ICC) foi de 0,838, demonstrando que houve boa concordância entre os avaliadores. Na análise dos valores das cargas fatoriais dos itens do IADIC, observamos que os componentes agruparam-se em três fatores em vez de quatro. Na validade discriminante o IADIC quando aplicado em homens e mulheres apresenta diferença significativa (p=0,003) para o sexo feminino. Quando analisado a faixa etária, mostra diferença estatística (p=0,004) nos idosos na faixa etária de 60 < 70 anos. Ao considerar o nível de complexidade do procedimento apresenta diferença significativa (p=0,020) para o nível de alta complexidade. Esses resultados indicam que o IADIC é fidedigno e válido para avaliar a dor nessa amostra de pacientes idosos confusos em pós-operatório imediato. / The use of instruments to guide and ensure the assessment of pain accurately in the elderly, especially those confused, is a felt need in nursing practice. In Brazil there is a gap of instruments that assess pain in elderly confused. Among the instruments for assessing pain in the elderly is confused Assessment Instrument of Pain in Elderly confused (IADIC), this scale was developed in the United States in order to assess pain in elderly confused. This instrument consists of nine constructs grouped into four components, where the sum of the constructs with positive response indicates the intensity of pain, on a scale where zero represents no pain and nine is the worst pain. From this perspective held this methodological study, aiming to carry out pre-test and validate the psychometric properties of IADIC with elderly patients in the immediate postoperative. To validate the IADIC eligible patients were aged over 60 years old, in the immediate postoperative period, undergoing elective procedures and emergency, general anesthesia and lock / sedation, hospitalized in SR-HNSC and diagnosed as confused after application of the Confusion Assessment Method - CAM.. We excluded patients with previous medical diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease, Stroke, and Depression. The sample consisted of 104 patients. Among the psychometric properties, we evaluated the reliability (internal consistency and stability) and validity using factor loadings of the constructs, the construct validity by discriminant validity of the variables sex, age and surgical complexity. The adapted version of IADIC was administered to a sample of 30 elderly patients to perform the pre-test, with a Cronbach's alpha = α total of 0.889, indicating good internal consistency of the constructs. Regarding the reliability of the adapted version of IADIC the value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.873 for the total instrument. In the interobservative agreement was possible to observe the stability of the instrument for the responses between the two observers where the total score shows that the difference between raters was not significant (p = 0.392). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.838, showing that there was good agreement between raters. In the analysis of the values of the factor loadings of the constructs of IADIC, we observe that the components were grouped into three factors instead of room. In the IADIC discriminant validity when applied to men and women significant difference (p = 0.003) for females. When analyzed age, shows a statistical difference (p = 0.004) in the elderly aged 60 <70. When considering the level of complexity of the procedure shows significant difference (p = 0.020) for the high level of complexity. These results indicate that IADIC is reliable and valid for assessing pain in this sample of elderly patients confused in the immediate postoperative period. / El uso de instrumentos para orientar y garantizar la evaluación del dolor con precisión en los ancianos, especialmente aquellos confuso, es una necesidad sentida en la práctica de enfermería. En Brasil existe una brecha de instrumentos que evalúan el dolor en ancianos confundidos. Entre los instrumentos para la evaluación del dolor en el anciano es confundido Instrumento de Evaluación del Dolor en Ancianos confusa (IADIC), esta escala se desarrolló en los Estados Unidos con el fin de evaluar el dolor en el anciano confundido. Este instrumento consta de nueve construcciones agrupados en cuatro componentes, donde la suma de las construcciones con respuesta positiva indica la intensidad del dolor, en una escala donde el cero representa ausencia de dolor y nueve es el peor dolor. Desde esta perspectiva celebrará este estudio metodológico, con el objetivo de llevar a cabo pre-test y validación de las propiedades psicométricas de IADIC con pacientes de edad avanzada en el postoperatorio inmediato. Para validar los pacientes elegibles IADIC tenían más de 60 años en el período postoperatorio inmediato, sometidos a procedimientos electivos y de emergencia, anestesia general y bloqueo / sedación, hospitalizados en SR-HNSC y diagnosticados como confundido después de la aplicación del Método de Evaluación de la Confusión - CAM.. Se excluyeron los pacientes con diagnóstico previo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, accidente cerebrovascular, y la depresión. La muestra estuvo constituida por 104 pacientes. Entre las propiedades pscicométricas, se evaluó la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad) y su validez utilizando cargas factoriales de los constructos, la validez de constructo mediante la validez discriminante de la complejidad variables de sexo, edad y quirúrgicos. La versión adaptada del IADIC se administró a una muestra de 30 pacientes de edad avanzada para realizar el pre-test, con un alfa de Cronbach α = total de 0,889, lo que indica una buena consistencia interna de las construcciones. En cuanto a la fiabilidad de la versión adaptada del IADIC el valor de alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,873 para el instrumento total. En el acuerdo interobservador fue posible observar la estabilidad del instrumento de las respuestas entre los dos observadores en la puntuación total muestra que la diferencia entre los evaluadores no fue significativa (p = 0,392). El coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC) fue de 0.838, lo que demuestra una buena concordancia entre evaluadores. En el análisis de los valores de los pesos de los factores de los constructos de IADIC, se observa que los componentes se agruparon en tres factores en lugar de habitación. En la validez discriminante IADIC cuando se aplica a hombres y mujeres de diferencia significativa (p = 0,003) para las hembras. Cuando se analizó la edad, muestra una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,004) en las personas mayores de edad 60 <70. Al considerar el nivel de complejidad del procedimiento muestra una diferencia significativa (p = 0,020) para el alto nivel de complejidad. Estos resultados indican que IADIC es fiable y válido para evaluar el dolor en esta muestra de pacientes ancianos confundidos en el postoperatorio inmediato.