Global climate change is anticipated to raise the overall temperatures and is likely to increase future mortality attributable to heat. Predicting future health consequences of higher temperatures at the regional, national and global level based on historical temperature-mortality relationships can be challenging due in part to the uncertainties in the location-specific temperature-mortality relationship, the heat threshold, and how populations will adapt or acclimatize. This study reviews published estimates of the warm season temperature-mortality relationships around the world and explores the heterogeneity in terms of the magnitude of the relationship and the threshold. We also investigate the potential effects of adaptation and acclimatization on the estimates of excess heat-related deaths based on empirical evidence, and propose a method that can be used in future projections to address the uncertainties. This study contributes to the literature of projecting the future public health burden of heat-related effects, which provides valuable information to climate policy decision making.

This master thesis was performed in collaboration with Scania Ferruform in Luleå, with the purpose to create an efficient, rational and safe workplace at the unloading station of the crossmember painting line. The mission from Ferruform was to investigate and analyse flaws, risk, and bottlenecks with regards to flows, ergonomics and material handling. The project aimed to create a vision that could guide present and future development, followed by an implementation strategy consisting of concrete measures of both layout and organisational character. The vision is: “Create a work situation that is rooted in Scania's production system and characterized by efficiency, rationality and safe working conditions, where committed individuals can be challenged and developed”   The research questions that has guided the project are: What problem is the basis for the ergonomic situation at the crossmember painting? How can an efficient and rational workplace be created at crossmember painting? What does Ferruform need to do to create a safe and sustainable work environment at the crossmember painting?   The first step was to map the current state and identify problems with regards to process and organisation. This was done by using participative observation, interviews, user participation, overview analysis and Scania’s intranet. Apart from previous studies, the main problems that the mapping identified was consequences of frequent downtimes, shifts being isolated and having unique work methods, unsafe work environment, and finally that tools and aids for reducing harmful lifts are not used.  These problems and their consequences were analysed with regards to the current research in work science, behavioural science, and by using methods such as Fault tree analysis and proximity chart. One of the most important conclusions was that downtime, apart from compromised production volumes, affected the work situation negatively. Operators compensate for downtime by working faster and unsafe to reach the weekly production goals. Additionally, a middle manager role has disappeared in favour of meeting the production goals. This has severe consequences on the organisation of work and among others, ergonomics. The proximity chart showed that placement of functions in the production system is not based on logic, resulting in safety issues, intersecting flows and inefficient handling of materials. To counter the identified problems, three different layouts were developed and evaluated using the specification of requirements. The concept with highest score was further developed and detail designed. It is called “Wing” and separates humans and forklifts, has a centralized material buffer and redundancy for downtime. The concept allows for safer work environment, and efficient flows. The required changes are arranged in three steps, each with increasing capacity. The final concept together with the implementation plan, which present recommendations on how the final concept could gradually be implemented and what organisational changes that are needed, shows that productivity and rationality can coexist with a good work environment, where both humans and the production system can flourish.

Accounts of sexual abuse appear daily in the media. Rightfully, this issue demands attention. Juveniles may be victims; they may also be offenders who are subject to sex offender registration and notification (SORN) policies. Growing research finds that SORN policies fail to achieve intended public policy outcomes. Little is known, however, about the unintended consequences of SORN for juvenile offenders. This study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of these policies on this population. Merton's concept of manifest and latent functions of purposive social action and an alternate non-criminogenic form of Lemert's secondary deviance proposition provided the theoretical framework. Research questions focused on whether a relationship exists between sex offender registration for a juvenile offense and severity of depression in current and former registrants after maturation into adulthood, and whether the relationship persists. A quantitative causal-comparative study was conducted using self-reported survey data from a non-probability sample of 59 registrants. Multiple regression analysis found SORN had a significant positive predictive relationship to severity of depression in adults currently registering for a juvenile offense as compared to former registrants, and the control group of those never registered, as measured by the Public Health Questionaire-9. A significant persistent depressive effect was not found in former registrants. Findings validate concerns that SORN may have iatrogenic effects for juvenile offenders; these findings also suggest that alternate, non-criminogenic forms of secondary deviancy appear to be associated with this policy. This understanding of the net effects of SORN informs policy decision makers and has social change implications for future sexual abuse prevention policies that may have greater likelihood of efficacy.

A tese propõe a análise dogmática da exclusão de sócio por falta grave na sociedade limitada, prevista nos arts. 1.030, 1.085 e 1.058 c/c 1.004 do Código Civil, tema que, apesar da enorme relevância e da existência de muitos estudos, comporta grandes dificuldades teóricas e práticas, carecendo a doutrina brasileira de uma análise sistemática e detalhada dos seus diversos aspectos. Assim, busca-se a sistematização da matéria e a construção de um modelo hermenêutico compatível com a nossa realidade normativa, além de tratar de questões pouco (ou nada) debatidas, pautando critérios a fim de que tal instituto tutele adequadamente o interesse e a funcionalidade da sociedade limitada e os direitos dos sócios. Para tanto, analisa-se, no primeiro capítulo, o pressuposto material (falta grave) da exclusão de sócio diante do descumprimento de seus deveres. Já no segundo capítulo são estudados os procedimentos possíveis (exclusão judicial ou extrajudicial) para a exclusão de sócio que comete uma falta grave. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo aborda as consequências da exclusão de sócio por falta grave na sociedade limitada (perda do status socii, apuração e pagamento dos haveres, tratamento dado às quotas do excluído e alteração do nome social). / This thesis examines the expulsion, for serious fault, of partners from limited liability companies, provided for in articles 1030, 1085, and 1058 read with 1004 of the Brazilian Civil Code. Despite the subjects enormous importance, and the various studies that exist, the expulsion of partners presents many theoretical and practical difficulties, and there has been no systematic, detailed study of the subject in its various aspects by Brazilian legal scholars. Thus, this work seeks to present a systematic analysis of the subject, constructing an interpretative model that is consistent with the reality of Brazils legal system, addressing questions that have been the subject of little (if any) debate, and suggesting criteria that will ensure that expulsion of partners adequately protects the interests and functionality of the limited liability company and the partners rights. The first chapter analyzes the substantive premise (serious fault) for expulsion of a partner that has breached his duties. The second chapter studies the possible procedures (judicial and non-judicial) for expelling a partner that has committed a serious fault. Lastly, the third chapter addresses the consequences of expulsion of a partner from a limited liability company for serious fault (loss of status socii, calculation and payment of the value of the expelled partners equity interest in the company, treatment given to the quotas held by the expelled partner, and change of the companys name).

<p>As the Chinese rate of growth has accelerated, China is increasingly considered as an important market for a diverse range of goods and services, including the advancedand complex. This has caught the attention of foreign firms in general and Swedish multinational companies in particular (Demir & Söderman 2007). This thesis focuses on a Chinese perspective of Chinese partners' decision making in SFJV, which is lacking in previous research. Six variables which are related to Chinese partners'decision making in SFJV are founded on a theoretical background. Then these six variables are compiled into a Chinese partners' decision making model. Each of these six variables is further divided into several factors. Data is then collect by a case study in which several SFJVs and their Chinese parents-Chinese partners are interviewed.This data is later used to verify and improve the original model which is founded on theoretical background. Finally an updated Chinese partners' decision making modelis created. The thesis concludes with the important findings and a discussion of the applicability of this model, contribution of the research, and future possible research orientation.</p>

Die Ursache der Nachwuchsschwäche ist der Geburtenrückgang. Quantitative demografische Determinanten sind auf ideelle Merkmalsausprägungen der Bevölkerung und strukturelle Eigenschaften der Gesellschaft zurückzuführen. Die niedrige Fertilität führt als einflussreiche Kenngröße zu einem Bevölkerungsrückgang und zu altersstrukturellen Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Bevölkerung, die mit weitreichenden und umfassenden gesellschaftlichen Konsequenzen einhergehen. Indem die Konsequenzen künftig insbesondere auf junge Generationen zurückwirken werden und somit zugleich die Ursachen der niedrigen Geburtenrate verstärken, entfaltet die demografische Entwicklung eine Eigendynamik. Maßnahmen zur Nachwuchssicherung treffen jedoch auf ungünstige Handlungsvoraussetzungen. Monetäre und materielle Fertilitätsanreize sind von unterschiedlicher demografischer Wirksamkeit und haben an Bedeutung verloren. Gesellschaft und Staat haben den Fokus von einer reaktionären Symptomkurierung, die eine passive Gestaltung der Konsequenzen verfolgt, auf eine aktive Ursachenbekämpfung zu richten. Es zeigt sich, dass auf der nationalen Ebene die größten Handlungspotentiale erschlossen werden können. / The reason for insufficient offspring is a decline in the birth rate. Quantitative demographic determinants can be explained by ideal characteristic values of population as well as structural properties of society. The low fertility as an influential parameter causes not only a decline in population but also age-structural changes in the composition of population, which come along with extensive social consequences. As consequences will retroact especially on young generations and therefore increasing the reasons for a low birth rate, the demographic trend unfolds its own momentum. However, measures to secure sufficient offspring encounter unfavourable conditions for action. Monetary and material incentives of fertility are of different demographic effectiveness and have lost importance. Instead of pursuing a passive arrangement of the consequences of demographic change by unprogressively treating the symptoms, society and state have to focus on fighting the causes of the decline in the birth rate actively. It turns out that the largest potential for actions can be developed at the national level.

“VeckoRevyn – your best friend in good times and bad?” is a BA thesis based on a weekly lifestyle magazine, VeckoRevyn, with a female demographic aged 18-25. Issues of the magazine, published in 2009 and on, is analyzed and dissected to better understand and be able to get answers for the questions of issue. What is said in the magazine, and how does the message reach the audience? Furthermore, the message, as well as the tone used to convey it, is reviewed as part of the discussion about consequence. The goal of this study is to show how, based on the material analyzed, a woman is spoken to in the magazine, and what kind of consequences this might have. VeckoRevyn claims it desires tobea close friend to its readers, a friend who enlightens and guides. But the fact is that in every case studied, there is an underlying message on how the readers have the chance to reach something better and more desirable based on her looks and appearance. How is this possible when in fact the magazine creates an artificial reality filled with unattainable ideals? This results in more stress in the lives of women, who constantly long to be “good enough”. The idea of beauty, which is a common theme throughout the issues of the magazine, is unfortunately based on a myth. This in turn results in mental exhaustion, a twisted self- image, low self esteem, anorexia and bulimia among its young female audience. Keywords: weekly magazine, VeckoRevyn, content, tone, the beauty myth, ideals, consequences

This thesis is about selection processes and processes of measuring and judging athletes in competitions in top-level sport. The purpose was to increase the knowledge of these processes and to analyse them from a validity perspective in order to contribute to the discussion of whether the “right” athletes are selected to participate in teams, competitions and games and whether the “right” athletes win. The rule and judging systems were investigated in the judged sports acroski and rhythmic gymnastics. Information was gathered through individual interviews with two judges, two coaches, and four elite athletes from each of the sports, and in addition to this the respective sport’s rule systems, judging manuals, meeting protocols and historical documents were studied. Selections to top-level sport teams were investigated by individual interviews with 14 top-level coaches (selectors) from the national league in soccer and a national team and from national teams in alpine skiing. The results from the judging study showed that both studied sports had undergone major changes in their rule and judging regulations, changes that had a considerable impact on the sports and the judgements. The level of definition of the rules and regulations was raised to increase the opportunities for clear and reliable judgements, but this became problematic for the overall validity of the judgements. The reason for this was that the new rules and regulations did not clearly correspond to the original idea of the sport, since the specified and detailed regulations lead to less originality and freedom in the performances. In the selection study, the results pointed to great differences in how precisely defined the selection criteria were among the teams. The selectors stated that well-defined selection criteria or grounds could be helpful in many ways, but they also emphasised how important it was for them that some parts of the selections were based on their subjective valuations of the athletes. Quite a few coaches from both sports argued that they would choose an athlete with good behaviour and favourable personality over an athlete with better sports skills, if they had an opportunity to do that depending on the selection system that was used. Overall, this research displays how validity issues connected to the selection and judging criteria and these processes might affect the outcome of the processes. It is notable that high reliability is in the main focus of the measuring and judging processes, while considerably vaguer and more subjective assessments are considered important in the selection process. The thesis points to the importance of discussing and understanding the consequences of rules, rule changes, selection and judging criteria as well as how these processes are performed, if the desired outcomes and consequences of the selection and judging processes are to be reached.

Ett av EU:s främsta syfte är att skapa fri rörelse av kapital. Genom att kontinuerligt reducera handelshinder strävar de efter att skapa lika förutsättningar mellan medlemsstaterna. I och med den globalisering som skett och fortfarande sker blir det allt mer vanligt förekommande att svenska bolag konkurrerar och samverkar med andra europeiska bolag. Mycket har hänt på redovisnings- och revisionsområdet det senaste decenniet vilket har gjort att den svenska lagstiftningen delvis har skrivits om och anpassats efter EG:s direktiv. Internationella redovisningsstandarder har fått stort inflytande på framförallt de stora svenska bolagen. Dessa standarder var ursprungligen anpassade för börsnoterade bolag vilket har medfört att mindre svenska bolag under de senaste åren ålagts orimligt omfattande redovisningsskyldigheter. I november 2004 presenterade Justitiedepartementet en promemoria vilken bland annat avsåg förenklade redovisningsregler. Deras bedömning var att de två gränsvärdena som i dag benämns i ÅRL och BFN bör samordnas till ett gemensamt. Motiveringen till detta var att små och medelstora bolag i större utsträckning bör undantas från betungade regler gällande bokföring och bokslut. Under vintern 2005/2006 har en lag-rådsremiss och en proposition offentliggjorts där remissinstanserna BFN, FAR, SRS m.fl. givit uttryck för sina åsikter. Detta resulterade i att delvärdena i den samordnade gränsvärdet fastställdes till 50 anställda, 25 miljoner kronor i balansomslutning samt 50 miljoner kronor i totala intäkter. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda vilka konsekvenser detta får för de små och medelstora bolagen i Sverige. Undersökningen har genomförts ur två perspektiv, dels för att återspegla de generella konsekvenserna med harmoniseringen och dels vilka konsekvenser det samordnade gränsvärdet blir redovisningsmässigt. För att uppnå syftet genomfördes fyra expertintervjuer. Resultatet av dessa var att redovisningsprinciperna blir något förenklade men eftersom förslaget ej trätt i laga kraft ännu är det svårt att peka på konkreta konsekvenser. Dock kan man förutse vissa skillnader avseende bland annat delårsrapportering, balansering av egenupparbetade immateriella anläggningstillgångar och restvärdesavskrivningar. Efter att ha tagit del av respondenternas svar samt vad som sägs i lagrådsremissen kan vi konstatera att förändringarna på flera plan går mot att uppgifter ej är lagstadgade utan snarare styrs av intressenterna. Delårsrapporter är en sådan uppgift, då det ej åligger revisionsplikt på dem ser vi det som en naturlig utveckling att ta bort den lagstadgade uppgiftsskyldigheten för K3 – bolagen. Vidare diskuteras huruvida K2 – blocket kommer innefatta bolag med allt för stora skillna-der i omfattning av verksamhet och hur detta skulle kunna undvikas. Vi föreslår en höjning av K1-blocket från tre till fem miljoner kronor i nettoomsättning där aktiebolag ej ska in-kluderas. Anledningen till detta är att få bort de minsta bolagen ur K2 – blocket genom att fler bolag bör överväga alternativa bolagsformer för att undvika allt för omfattande redovisningsmässiga skyldigheter. Från och med den första januari 2007 träder ett nytt regelverk beträffande redovisningsprinciper i kraft i Sverige. Regelverket är delvis utformat efter EU:s redovisningsdirektiv och är ett steg i harmoniseringen. De bolag som vid årsskiftet skall till-lämpa det nya regelverket är de som ej överskrider det nya 50/25/50 - värdet, dvs. K1 och K2 - bolagen. För större bolag, K3 samt K4, kommer reglerna träda i kraft med det räkenskapsår som påbörjas första januari 2010. / One of EU:s primary purposes is to create freedom of movement for capital. Through continuous reducing of trade obstacles they strive to create equal conditions between the member nations. Through the globalization that has taken place and still is taking place it is increasingly common for Swedish companies to compete and cooperate with European companies. A lot has happened in the accounting and auditor area during the last decade which has forced the Swedish legislation partly to be rewritten and adjusted to EG directives. International accounting standards has had a great deal of influence on the major Swedish companies. These standards are originally adapted for stock exchange introduced companies which in the last couple of years have resulted in unreasonable extensive accounting obligations for smaller Swedish companies. In November 2004 the ministry of Justice presented a memorandum which among other things intended to simplify accounting obligations. Their assessment was that the two threshold values that today are termed in ÅRL and BFN should be coordinated into one common threshold. The motivation for this was that small and medium companies in a greater extent should be able to make exceptions from onerous rules concerning bookkeeping and closure. During the winter 2005/2006 a referral and a government bill was made public where BFN, FAR and SRS gave expression of their opinions. This resulted in that the partial value in the coordinated threshold was established to 50 employees, 25 million in balanced turnover and 50 million in total reve-nue. The purpose of this paper is to investigate which consequences this will have to the small and medium companies in Sweden. The investigation has been carried out through two perspectives, one to reflect the general consequences with the harmonious and also which consequences the coordinated threshold value will bring to the accounts. To reach the pur-pose four expert interviews were carried out. The conclusion of these interviews was that the accounting standards will be a bit more simplified but since the proposal has not yet become legally binding it is hard to point to concrete consequences. We can still predict to a certain extend with respect to among other things; quarterly reports, balancing of non-material internally acquired inventory and depreciation of residual values. After studying the respondents’ answers and the referral we can establish that the changes on several levels will progress to the point of information not being statutory but rather controlled by interest organisations. Quarterly reports are that sort of task, when it is not mandatory audit on this sort of report we can not see any reason not to remove the statu-tory information obligation for the K – 3 companies. The thesis further discusses whether the K2 – block will include companies with much too large differences in the extent of activity and how this should be avoided. We suggest a raise of the K-1 block from three too five million in net turnover, where joint-stock companies not will be included. The reason for this is to get rid of the smallest companies in the K-2 block; more companies should consider alternative company forms to avoid all too extensive accounting obligations. Starting on the first of January 2007, the new regulation concerning accounting principles will take effect in Sweden. The regulations are partly designed according to the EU:s ac-counting directives and are a step in the harmonious direction. Those companies who will apply the new regulation at the turn of the year are those which do not exceed the new 50/25/50 value i.e. K-1 and K-2 companies. For the bigger companies, K-3 and K-4, the new regulation takes effect with the accounting year that starts on the first of January 2010.

As the Chinese rate of growth has accelerated, China is increasingly considered as an important market for a diverse range of goods and services, including the advancedand complex. This has caught the attention of foreign firms in general and Swedish multinational companies in particular (Demir &amp; Söderman 2007). This thesis focuses on a Chinese perspective of Chinese partners' decision making in SFJV, which is lacking in previous research. Six variables which are related to Chinese partners'decision making in SFJV are founded on a theoretical background. Then these six variables are compiled into a Chinese partners' decision making model. Each of these six variables is further divided into several factors. Data is then collect by a case study in which several SFJVs and their Chinese parents-Chinese partners are interviewed.This data is later used to verify and improve the original model which is founded on theoretical background. Finally an updated Chinese partners' decision making modelis created. The thesis concludes with the important findings and a discussion of the applicability of this model, contribution of the research, and future possible research orientation.