La culture en général et l’art, en particulier, occupent une position unique dans la structuration d’une société. En dépit des conflits, des convulsions politiques et idéologiques qu’a connu depuis un siècle, l’Iran d’aujourd’hui n’est plus un pays sous le joug politique d’une théocratie obscurantiste. Contrairement aux discours bruyants et actions hostiles de dirigeants islamiques qui provoquent si facilement l’attention du grand public en Occident, l’expression artistique iranienne reste très peu connue du public du monde entier. C’est à partir d’une réalisation plastique personnelle qu’ont été évalués que les véritables représentants et porte-parole d’une société iranienne progressiste ne sont plus ses politiques, mais bien ses artistes. Les artistes iraniens essaient de montrer la voix d’un autre Iran, celle d’un pays à l’histoire plurimillénaire, mais toujours aussi épris de culture et avide de liberté.Très attachées à leur histoire et leur culture, les oeuvres des artistes iraniens s’élaborent entre héritage et innovation. Lesquelles font état d’univers où un langage symbolique, ostensiblement hybride, se construit entre traditions ancestrales et modernité postrévolutionnaire. Par le biais de différents types médiums contemporains, comme la photographie, la performance, l’installation, la vidéo, ces oeuvres témoignent de la recherche d'un geste et d'un langage susceptibles de reconstruire la mosaïque du réel. Le regard des artistes, construit par leurs codes culturels, ne les empêche cependant pas de prendre en considération les actuels problèmes sociaux et politiques. Par contre, les artistes iraniens détournent intelligemment la réalité de façon métaphorique et symbolique pour transmettre le contenu de leur message au monde entier. De cette manière, l’art contemporain iranien, a pu s’épanouir sur la scène internationale et a pu attirer l’attention de quelques collectionneurs du marché de l’art et de commissaires d’exposition internationaux, durant ces dernières décennies. / Culture in general and art in particular, occupy a unique position in the structure of society. Despite the conflicts, political and ideological convulsions has been known for a century, Iran today is no longer a country under the political yoke of theocracy obscurantist. Unlike the noisy speech and actions hostile Islamic leaders who so easily cause the attention of the general public in the West, Iranian artistic expression is very little known to the public worldwide. This is from a personal realization plastic what evaluated as true representatives and spokespersons of Iranian society progressive are no longer policies, but its artists. Iranian artists trying to show the voice of another Iran, a country with a history thousands of years, but still as loving culture and eager for freedom. Very attached to their history and culture, the works of Iranian artists to develop between heritage and innovation which indicate universe where a symbolic language, ostensibly hybrid builds between traditions and modernity post-revolutionary. Through different mediums contemporaries, such as photography, performance, installation, video, these works reflect the research gesture and language may reconstruct the mosaic of reality. The regard of artists, built by their cultural codes, however, does not prevent to consider the current social and political problems. By against, Iranian artists intelligently divert the reality of metaphorical and symbolic way to transmit the content of their message to the world. In this way, Iranian contemporary art, has been able to flourish on the international scene and has attracted the attention of some collector’s art market and international exhibition curators, in recent decades.

In 2010, Ai Weiwei's Sunflower Seeds made its debut in Tate Modern, which promoted Ai to be one of the most famous and respected contemporary Chinese artists. This Conceptual art work has multiple layers of meanings, which all corresponds to the Western expectations for a successful contemporary Chinese artist. In fact, the Western art world has long held bias and stereotypes towards international artists. Ai chose to perform his personality to conform to the expectations and Western ideologies, which brought him international fame. On the other hand, other Chinese artists, including Cai Guo-Qiang and Zhou Chunya, don't totally agree with these Western ideologies, and therefore their fame in the society are less distinguished than Ai.

This dissertation traces the history of a diagram. The diagram shows four circles of gradually diminishing sizes, lodged one inside the other, like the layers of a circular or spherical body. For a group of artists, curators, architects, and activists centered around Moderna Museet in Stockholm between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s, the diagram represented a new type of museum: a museological Information Center modeled on the computer, operating as a site for radically democratic social experiments. The four layers stood for different functions: information capture, processing, interface, storage; or, put differently: social spaces and media resources, workshop floors, exhibition facilities, collection. Through close readings of a series of exhibitions and institutional projects in Sweden, the US, and France, this dissertation follows the development of this diagram: its prehistory and formulation, its different implementations, and its direct and indirect effects. It studies Moderna Museet’s original, unrealized project for Kulturhuset in Stockholm, according to which the museum should project its dynamic energies across the city center, serving as a “catalyst for the active forces in society”. It discusses the museum’s confrontation with digital technologies in the late 1960s, through pioneering museological organizations such as the Museum Computer Network in New York. It analyzes the exhibition formats developed in correspondence with the notion of the museum as a “vast experimental laboratory” and a “broadcasting station”: the exhibition as critical information pattern, as tele-commune. And it studies the diagram’s afterlife as one of the models informing the Centre Pompidou in Paris, during that project’s early phases. The Exhibitionary Complex reads these endeavors and visions as attempts to devise a critical understanding of the exhibitionary apparatus in relation to new information environments and media systems. It sheds light on a largely forgotten aspect of the exhibitionary, museological, and cultural history of the late twentieth century, in Sweden and internationally. But it also seeks to establish new models for grasping the exhibition’s singularity and potentials as a cultural and media technological form, in relation to the emergence of new information networks, as they exert increasing control over social, cultural, and political existence. / Space, Power, Ideology

[pt] Este trabalho compõe-se de diferentes modos de estruturação textual, acompanhando uma tendência pós-moderna. Através da fabricação de suas memórias pessoais, o autor apresenta e avalia a atuação do CEP 20.000, de que participa como coordenador, desde a fundação, em 1990. A perspectiva crítica é a do observador da cidade, uma espécie de flâneur do panorama cultural, de onde colhe a matéria para sua escrita, produzida em intercâmbio com uma rede de amigos. A primeira pessoa do discurso quer-se propositalmente frágil, empenhada na experiência de deixar-se atravessar por uma pluralidade de vozes e pontos de vista. Ao longo dos capítulos, misturam-se crônicas, desenhos, e-mails, cartas, entrevistas, notícias de jornal, fotografias, poemas, contos e fragmentos de outros textos, inéditos ou já publicados, cuja seleção e articulação foi planejada de modo a dialogar com o discurso acadêmico. Trata-se de uma proposta alternativa de trabalho escritural adequado a uma compreensão ampla da história do presente. / [en] This work is composed by different modes of text framing, according to a postmodern tendency. While weaving his fictionalized memories, the author presents and evaluates the performance of CEP 20.000 which he has helped founding, in 1990, and coordinates till this day. His perspective is that of the spectator of the town life, a kind of flâneur in the cultural scenery, where he gathers up the subjects for his writing produced in interchange with a net of friends. The first person of speech intends to be fragile since it is meant as an experience of textuality intertwined by a plurality of voices and viewpoints. The chapters are built in blocs alternating with a miscellany of chronicles, drawings, e-mails, letters, intervews, news, photographs, poems, short stories and fragments of other types of texts, published or not. The choice and articulation of this material was planned to establish a dialogue with the accademic discourse. The goal of the essay is to propose a writing strategy adequate to a broad understanding of the history of the present.

As obras do escritor norte-americano Edgar Lawrence Doctorow aqui estudadas desenham um panorama criticamente iluminador da história dos Estados Unidos no século XX. Em The Book of Daniel, acompanhamos a trajetória da Esquerda americana dos anos 30 aos anos 60. Em Ragtime, o cenário histórico é a Belle Époque e a era do ragtime, do começo do século XX até a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Em Homer & Langley, o arco temporal se expande para abrigar grande parte do século da Primeira Guerra aos anos 80. Nos três romances há uma dialética entre o impulso de suscitar conexões e de figurar um quadro histórico e social mais amplo e a dificuldade de se realizar esse projeto por meio da própria linguagem e lógica da fragmentação, que impedem as articulações e emperram a representação. Nessa tese, procuro ler as ambiguidades e hesitações da forma nesses três romances como incertezas produtivas potenciais lições para o pensamento crítico contemporâneo, o qual tateia certezas num mundo em crise. Romances como Ragtime, The Book of Daniel e Homer & Langley são animados mais por uma hermenêutica da concretude do que por uma poética da relativização. A análise das estratégias de figuração do material histórico que compõe essas obras mostra como essas três narrativas revigoram o romance histórico na contemporaneidade / The novels by E. L. Doctorow studied here draw a critically illuminating panorama of American History in the 20th century. In The Book of Daniel, we follow the trajectory of the American Left from the thirties up to the sixties. In Ragtime, the historical scenery is the Belle Époque and the ragtime era, from the beginning of the century up to World War I. In Homer & Langley, the time frame is broadened to include almost the entire century from World War I up to de eighties. In those novels, we find a dialectical relationship between the impulse to bring forth connections and represent a larger social and historical picture, and the difficulty of achieving such a project through the very language and logic of fragmentation which obstructs the making of articulations and renders representation difficult. In this work, I try to read the ambiguities and hesitations of the form in those three novels as productive uncertainties potential lessons to contemporary critical thinking. Novels such as Ragtime, The Book of Daniel e Homer & Langley are animated more by a hermeneutics of the concrete than by a poetics of relativity. The analysis of the representational strategies those novels employ to depict the historical material from which they are made shows how those narratives reinvigorate the historical novel today

A pesquisa tem como tema o estudo de sistemas de espaços livres e a urbanização contemporânea na região de Limeira, integrante da Região Administrativa de Campinas - SP. Buscam-se respostas sejam no âmbito da classificação e da configuração do território, sejam no estabelecimento de projeto de \"parque regional contemporâneo\" ou, como se propôs chamar \"parque agroambiental\", como forma de afirmação de vínculos intermunicipais. O \"parque agroambiental\" não é uma solução simples, mas uma possibilidade de pensar e agir. Pode-se, através dele, ajustar o foco de leitura da realidade local, buscando-se mecanismos mais coerentes para nela atuar. Diferentemente de outras regiões de importantes recursos naturais, como a região metropolitana de São Paulo, o conceito do parque objetiva trabalhar uma área econômica e socialmente semelhante, onde a fauna e a flora são quase inexistentes, visto terem sido substituídas pela urbanização e pelas áreas destinadas à produção agrícola para o mercado global. O desafio aqui proposto é tornar o parque regional contemporâneo objeto de debate para políticas públicas de atendimento às necessidades sociais e ambientais. Podem ser práticas de lazer, esportes e/ou contemplativas, atividades culturais de identidade regional, de produção agrícola ou florestal, de conservação de ecossistemas, por meio das quais se definem diferentes níveis e escalas de intervenção e de acessibilidade aos lugares. Propõe-se o conceito de \"parque agroambiental\" como instrumento de planejamento regional e ambiental. / This research aims the study of open space systems and contemporary urbanization in Limeira and communities that comprise the Administrative County of Campinas, São Paulo. The analysis demands answers both in territory classification and configuration and the project of the contemporary regional park, or so denominated as \"agro environmental park\", with the purpose of strengthening inter municipal bonds. The agro environment park must not be regarded as a simple solution but a thought process and a way of acting worth pursuing. Moreover, it ought to be possible to focus upon the local reality searching for more adjustable and consistent mechanisms to accomplish this enterprise. Because, unlike other important regions provided with natural resources such as the metropolitan region of São Paulo, the agro enviromental park concept aims at interfering in an area that shares economical and social similarities, where fauna and flora are almost inexistent, since they have been replaced by urbanization and agricultural lands serving the global market. The challenge proposed here is to make the contemporary regional park an object of debate for public policies to address social and environmental needs such as: leisure, sports in general, cultural and folkloric activities, farming or forestry, conservation of the ecosystems, through which different levels or scales of intervention and accessibility to places could be defined. The proposal for the agro environmental park is to accomplish an instrument for regional and environmental planning.

Esta tese apresenta uma reflexão sobre a cidade contemporânea e o seu projeto, através da análise da contribuição teórico-projetual do urbanista italiano Bernardo Secchi. O recorte espaço-temporal é a Europa, com ênfase na Itália, a partir da década de 1980 até os dias atuais. No período, esse urbanista passou a contribuir ativamente com a publicação de textos em revistas, com pesquisas no Instituto Universitário de Arquitetura de Veneza (IUAV), e com a elaboração de planos e projetos, fazendo da cidade um grande laboratório. A produção de Secchi evidencia uma troca permanente entre pesquisa e experimentação, marcada pelo uso intencional de imagens como maneira de interpretar o mundo e de projetar a cidade. A pesquisa parte do conceito da renovatio urbis para a construção da cidade na cidade, indo até os dias atuais, marcados pela preocupação de transformar a cidade dispersa num território mais poroso. Analisam-se também os planos para várias cidades italianas, para a cidade de Antuérpia, além da participação no projeto para a Grand Pari(s). Convém destacar que a produção de Bernardo Secchi é acompanhada e analisada por décadas, a partir das produções teóricas e práticas, sendo os principais conceitos agrupados para compor as ideias-guias de cada período estudado, com o propósito de contribuir para uma reflexão dos caminhos e tendências do pensamento urbanístico contemporâneo. / This thesis presents a reflection on the contemporary city and its project through the analysis of the project-theoretical contribution of the Italian urban planner Bernardo Secchi. The temporal and spatial frame is Europe, emphasis on Italy, from the 80s to the present days. During this period Bernardo Secchi has actively contributed with publications in magazines, researches at the Venice University Institute of Architecture (IUAV), and elaboration of plans and projects turning the city into an important laboratory. Secchi production shows a permanent exchange between research and experimentation, represented by the intentional use of images as a way to interpret the world and plan the city. This thesis is based on the renovatio urbis concept for city construction in the city, until the present days, characterized by the concern of transforming the city dispersion into a more porous territory. The plans for several Italian cities and also for Antwerp are analyzed, besides the participation in the Grand Paris project. Bernardo Secchi production has been followed and analyzed for decades. The theoretical and practical production and the main concepts are put together in order to compose key ideas of each period under study, contributing to a reflection of ways and trends of the contemporary urban thought.

Esta tese propõe um estudo sobre o interesse renovado da arte contemporânea em resgatar e reelaborar a discussão moderna sobre a relação existente entre arte e design. Tal aproximação se diferencia da proposta modernista anterior, já que responde ao singular contexto cultural, social e econômico no qual se desenvolve. Assim, nosso intuito é caracterizar e compreender tanto esse novo contexto quanto as principais questões em torno dessa reaproximação entre arte e design a partir da análise da produção de quatro artistas importantes no cenário contemporâneo: Vito Acconci (1940), Barbara Bloom (1951), Andrea Zittel (1965) e Ana Maria Tavares (1958). Interessa-nos abordar as táticas de intervenção artística dentro do discurso específico do design, que na sociedade regida pelo capitalismo avançado constitui-se como um importante sistema de produção e consumo de imagens, signos, objetos, ambientes e identidades coletivas e individuais. Ao passar por um processo de expansão e difusão, propagando-se e infiltrando-se em várias esferas da vida cotidiana, o campo do design se torna um ponto de partida para a produção de artistas que, através de táticas de ação disruptivas, buscam por possibilidades, mesmo que momentâneas, de intervir em um mundo cada vez mais desenhado e planejado em seus mínimos detalhes / This thesis proposes a study on the renewed interest of contemporary art in rescuing and re-shaping the modern discussion regarding the relationship between art and design. This approach differs from the previous modernist proposal, as it responds to the singular cultural, social and economic context in which it is developed. Therefore, our aim is to characterize and understand both this new context and the main issues concerning this rapprochement between art and design by analysing the production of four important artists in the contemporary scene: Vito Acconci (1940), Barbara Bloom (1951) Andrea Zittel (1965) and Ana Maria Tavares (1958). This research addresses the tactics of artistic intervention within the design discourse field which, in the society governed by advanced capitalism, constitutes one of the main systems of production and consumption of images, signs, objects, environments and individual and collective identities. By going through a process of expansion and diffusion, spreading and infiltrating into various spheres of everyday life, the field of design becomes a starting point for the production of artists who, through disruptive action tactics, seek opportunities, even if temporary, to intervene in a world increasingly designed and planned to the very last detail

A acolhida que as imagens eletrônicas e sintéticas vêm recebendo por parte da crítica é reveladora de um novo otimismo tecnológico e abre espaço para a discussão sobre as conseqüências das novas tecnologias sobre a sociedade. Fala-se, em relação a estas imagens, de um novo regime de visibilidade e de um novo imaginário – numérico – que transgride nossos códigos perceptivos e cognitivos e nossa relação simbólica com o mundo. Contudo, a desvinculação destes sistemas imagéticos de qualquer prática social mais ampla e da produção imagética que as antecedeu – especialmente a pintura, a fotografia e o cinema – é ilusória. Em muitos casos, os elementos apontados como marcas de ruptura são muito mais a potencialização de questões já presentes na história da arte do que a constituição de um novo sistema representativo. A potencialidade aberta por estes novos processos de enunciação da imagem deve, portanto, ser pensada a partir de uma perspectiva mais longa, inserida na lógica cultural do Capitalismo contemporâneo. Com isso, na esteira das colocações de Walter Benjamin e de Adorno, trataremos de ver o que as configurações sociais contemporâneas e o advento das novas tecnologias fazem com a arte, situando as imagens eletrônicas dentro das relações de produção de seu tempo. / The welcome that electronic and synthetic images have from the critique reveals a new technological optimism and gives room to the discussion of the consequences of the increasing interference of new technologies in society. Related to these images, is discussed a new regime of visibility and a new imaginary – run by numbers – that transgresses our perceptive and cognitive codes and our symbolic relation with the world. However, the well- known idea of an epistemic breach between the new images and the previous image production systems (in particular painting, photography and cinema) is illusory. Very often, the elements presented as marks of the rupture are in a great deal more the enhancement of questions already present in art history than the constitution of a new representational system. The open possibility created by these new processes of enunciation of image must, therefore, be interpreted from a wider perspective, rooted in the cultural logic of contemporary Capitalism. Thereby, following the path of Walter Benjamin and Adorno, we shall try to see what the contemporary social configurations and the advent of new technology do to art, placing the electronic images inside the productive relations of its time.

A cidade contemporânea, resultado de uma série de eventos e transformações urbanas, sociais e espaciais, tem sido redesenhada a partir de instrumentos que permeiam o urbanismo contemporâneo. Sendo assim, importantes metrópoles têm passado por processos de intervenção urbana ao longo dos últimos anos, caracterizando essa busca por mudanças no território metropolitano. Esses processos, apresentados em forma de planos, políticas e projetos urbanísticos, abordam como aspectos principais o uso eficiente do solo e a vitalidade urbana que, atrelados a outros conceitos da urbanística contemporânea, tornam-se pontos estruturantes para a reformulação equilibrada e igualitária do espaço. A cidade de São Paulo enfrentou diferentes planos e propostas de requalificação ao longo das últimas décadas que buscaram aproximá-la de conceitos do urbanismo contemporâneo, para assim melhorar a qualidade de vida de seus habitantes. O Arco do Futuro, objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa, é a mais recente proposta urbana para a cidade de São Paulo, cujo objetivo recai na reorientação do desenvolvimento espacial, econômico e social da metrópole. A presente pesquisa busca identificar as matrizes metodológicas, teóricas e projetuais dos diferentes projetos apresentados para as etapas do eixo central do projeto Arco do Futuro, o projeto Arco Tietê, e compreender quais teorias do urbanismo contemporâneo encontram-se associadas a esses projetos. / The contemporary city, which is a result from a long series of urban, social and spatial transformations, is currently being redesigned by a series of actions driven by modern urbanism. In this sense, important metropolises are being subjected to severe urban interventions throughout the last years, which illustrate that search for implementing changes in the metropolitan scenario. This changes, often presented as new urbanistic plans, policies and projects, aim to provide an efficient use of the land and to increase urban vitality that become, along with other concepts of contemporary urbanism, structuring aspects for the equalitarian rearrangement of the urban space. Several urban requalification plans and projects have been proposed to the city of São Paulo over the last decades, in order to improve its inhabitants\' quality of life. This work focus on studying the Arco do Futuro project, the most recent urban requalification project for the city of São Paulo, proposing a complete social, economic and especial reformulation of the city. This research has the objective of identifying the theoretical, methodological and conceptual matrices of the main component of the Arco do Futuro project: the Arco Tiete. This work also target in understanding all the theoretical concepts of modern urbanism that inspired the final form of the proposed plan.