Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:07:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Allyne Alves Marques Pimenta.pdf: 632366 bytes, checksum: 87dfc304d0c6139f4be0ea48dbe76efd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 / This work is mainly aimed to develop a study of evolution of the feminine being, his voice, his sexuality, swaying and precepts that make up your identity, engaging in the rich history of characters Penelope and Emma Bovary, analyzing the dimensions of the heroin Penelope as initial prototype and Emma Bovary as her frontal negation passing by Lisístrata, as an element of disruption and destabilization as many female archetypes of Western literature throughout the ages. The analysis is extended to the study of the role of women in societies where the heroines are inserted studied here, in communion with the theory that art is the representation of an entire history of a people at a given time. The counterpoints are located, at first, in Emma Bovary, seeking the fulfillment of their wishes, unlike Penelope, submissive just waiting for her husband. Concomitantly, Ulysses is the negation of Charles Bovary, even with their treachery, it is still a great man and praised her husband, Charles contrary to the bland, which is not able to arouse and maintain the feeling of passion in his wife, who was looking unhappy marriage love so desired. It happens to break with the bourgeois and sexist society, which always spread that the wife should be restricted to the heart of the home. Therefore, this study goes through several literary characters, and also makes a brief analysis of the various types of love present in marital relations, confronted the figures of the submissive woman who passively accept their fate and woman fighter who seeks fulfillment in all their spheres. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo central desenvolver um estudo da evolução do ser feminino, de sua voz, de sua sexualidade, dos meneios e preceitos que compõem sua identidade, ocupando-se da rica trajetória das personagens Penélope e Emma Bovary, analisando as dimensões da heroína que tem em Penélope o seu protótipo inicial e Ema Bovary como sua negação frontal, passando por Lisístrata, como elemento de ruptura e desestabilização tal como vários arquétipos femininos da literatura ocidental ao longo dos tempos culminado no estudo de personagens contemporâneas. A análise se estenderá ao estudo do papel feminino nas sociedades em que estão inseridas as heroínas aqui estudadas, em comunhão com a teoria que a arte é a representação de toda uma história de um determinado povo em determinada época. Os contrapontos situam-se, a priori, em Emma Bovary, que busca pela realização de seus desejos, ao contrário de Penélope, submissa que apenas espera por seu esposo. Concomitante, Ulisses é a negação de Charles Bovary, mesmo com suas traições, ainda é um louvado homem e grandioso esposo, contrário ao insípido Charles, que não é capaz de despertar e manter o sentimento de paixão na esposa, que, infeliz, procura fora do casamento o amor tão sonhado. Acontece a ruptura com a sociedade machista e burguesa, que sempre disseminou que a esposa deveria ficar restrita apenas ao seio do lar. Ruptura que se verifica solidificada no atual século. Para tanto, este estudo perpassa várias personagens literárias e, ainda, realiza uma breve análise dos tipos vários de amor presentes nas relações conjugais, confrontando as figuras da mulher submissa, que aceita passivamente o seu destino, e da mulher lutadora, que busca a sua realização em todas as suas esferas.

A teoria do Poder Constituinte Derivado de Equivalência às Emendas Constitucionais busca abarcar por completo o fenômeno jurídico da aprovação de tratados e convenções internacionais sobre direitos humanos como equivalentes às emendas constitucionais, nos termos do §3º do art. 5º da Constituição, inserido pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/04. Após a descrição crítica do panorama constitucional, doutrinário e jurisprudencial em que foi engendrado este novo dispositivo do art. 5º e o procedimento pelo qual foi aprovada a incorporação da Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência e de seu Protocolo Facultativo como equivalentes às Emendas, seguem as três partes essenciais e imprescindíveis que compõem a abordagem do tema. A primeira está voltada à caracterização da presença de uma nova manifestação de Poder Constituinte, com o objetivo de oferecer soluções coerentes e consistentemente respaldadas em um arcabouço teórico comum para toda a problemática envolvida, que será especificamente examinada a partir das questões enfrentadas na Parte II. Já a terceira parte está mais atrelada às questões materiais, ao se preocupar com o objeto da equivalência constitucional: se esta inclui todo o diploma internacional; exclusivamente os direitos humanos nele previstos; ou também normas de outra natureza, abstraindo e projetando conclusões a partir da experiência concreta da Convenção. A mais intensa contribuição para o pensamento jurídico encontra-se evidentemente na identificação de uma nova modalidade do Poder Constituinte Derivado; mas também, na conceituação das normas equivalentes às emendas constitucionais; ao se apontar o exato objeto do §3º do art. 5º, desvelando-se a complexidade dos fenômenos envolvidos na introdução da Convenção e de seu Protocolo Facultativo; na delimitação do espectro normativo das normas equivalentes às emendas constitucionais; e na obtenção de uma maior conformidade teórica com os fundamentos dos sistemas jurídicos constitucional e internacional, a partir do entrelaçamento entre as teorias do direito e do Estado; e as disciplinas do direito constitucional; internacional; e dos direitos humanos. / The theory of Constitutional Amendments Equivalence of Derived Constitutional Power seeking to embrace fully the phenomenon of legal approval of international treaties and conventions on human rights as equivalent to constitutional amendments, pursuant to §3º of art. 5º of the Constitution, inserted by Constitutional Amendment nº 45/04. After critically describing the constitutional, jurisprudential and doctrinaire panorama in that was engendered in this new device of art. 5º and the procedure by which the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol was approved as equivalent to the Amendments, follow three essential parts that make up the approach to the subject. The first is directed to describe the presence of a new manifestation of constituent power, with the goal of providing solutions coherent and consistently backed into a theoretical framework common to all the problems involved, which will be examined specifically from the issues faced in Part II. The third part is more tied to material issues, to worry about the object of constitutional equivalence: if this includes the entire international diploma; exclusively human rights therein, or also rules otherwise, abstracting and projecting findings from the concrete experience of the Convention. The most intense contribution to legal thought is evidently in the identification of a new type of constitutional derived power; but also in the conceptualization of equivalence to constitutional amendments norms; when pointing the exact object of §3º of art. 5º; revealing the complexity of the phenomena involved in the introduction of the Convention and its Optional Protocol; the delimitation of the spectrum of equivalent to constitutional amendments norms; and in obtaining greater theoretical conformity with the fundamentals of the constitutional and international legal systems, from entanglement between the theories of law and the State; and the disciplines of constitutional law; international law; and human rights

O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma leitura de O Morro dos Ventos Uivantes (1847), de Emily Brontë, e de Jane Eyre (1847), de Charlotte Brontë, com foco nas convenções góticas contidas nas duas obras e observando as maneiras como tais convenções interferem nos movimentos das duas protagonistas, Catherine e Jane, cada uma lutando para se adaptar ao seu espaço e, ao mesmo tempo, para realizar seus anseios. Apesar de as duas obras serem estruturalmente diferentes uma da outra, ambas compartilham uma atmosfera gótica intensa, bem como uma consequente densidade psicológica que influencia a disposição mental das duas protagonistas. A leitura dos dois romances foi conduzida com a finalidade de explorar as relações encontradas entre os aspectos estruturais, sociais e psicológicos envolvidos, ressaltando os elementos góticos que representam os desafios que Catherine e Jane são forçadas a enfrentar. A obra The Coherence of Gothic Conventions (1986), da crítica literária Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, é utilizada para identificar e contextualizar a capacidade que as imagens góticas têm de traduzir o peso imposto pelas convenções sociais sobre o processo natural de crescimento das duas protagonistas. Considerando que esse peso é consideravelmente ampliado pelas práticas sociais ligadas a questões de gênero, foi explorado o conceito de Gótico Feminino, como apresentado pela Professora Carol Margaret Davison. Especial atenção é reservada para as imagens relacionadas com espaço – o espaço psicológico necessário para o crescimento emocional das protagonistas; e o espaço físico, que determina onde e como elas devem se movimentar. Aqui o suporte teórico é oferecido pelas poéticas dos elementos primitivos, de Gaston Bachelard, para análise do corpo de imagens apresentadas nos dois romances. A conclusão comenta as soluções encontradas por Catherine Earnshaw e Jane Eyre para abrir caminho e superar os obstáculos que se lhes apresentam; e também ressalta o quanto as convenções góticas conseguem revelar sobre a estrutura social que elas representam. / This thesis consists of a reading of Emily Brontë‘s Wuthering Heights (1847) and Charlotte Brontë‘s, Jane Eyre (1847), focusing on the body of Gothic conventions they hold, and the ways in which such conventions interfere with the movements of the two female protagonists, Catherine and Jane, each struggling to fit into their space, while trying to accomplish their desires. Although the two works are structurally different in several ways, they share an intense Gothic atmosphere and its consequent psychological density, which influences the mental frame of the two protagonists. In order to explore the relations among the structural, social and psychological aspects involved, a reading of the novels has been conducted, focusing on the presence of Gothic elements that stand for the challenges Catherine and Jane are bound to face. Literary critic Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick‘s work The Coherence of Gothic Conventions (1986) is used to identify and contextualise the capacity of Gothic imagery to reveal the weight of social conventions upon the natural process of growth of the two protagonists. Inasmuch as the pressure becomes intensified by the rules of gender settlements, the concept of Female Gothic is explored, as presented by Professor Carol Margaret Davison. Particular attention is paid to the imagery related to space – psychological space for the protagonists to grow emotionally, and physical space, as determinant of where and how they must move. Here the theoretical support is offered by Gaston Bachelard‘s poetics of the primitive elements, unveiling the body of images presented in the two novels. The conclusion indicates the solutions found by Catherine Earnshaw and by Jane Eyre to find their way and overcome the obstacles they meet; with comments on how revealing Gothic imagery is of the social conventions it represents.

Le dieu Sol, personnification de l’astre du jour, est documenté à Rome et en Italie bien avant l’avènement de l’empire. Dieu longtemps secondaire, ce n’est que durant l’Antiquité tardive qu’il gagne en importance, mais jamais au point de supplanter Jupiter et de devenir la divinité suprême. Cette étude a pour but d’offrir une approche renouvelée de l’interprétation de son image, en mettant en valeur la constance de son iconographie, l’uniformité des messages qui lui sont associés, son importance croissante dans l’idéologie politique impériale, et ensuite de les expliquer et de les réintégrer dans une perspective plus globale du IIe au IVe siècle. Cette présente thèse a ainsi pour but d’étudier les représentations du dieu Sol, à la fois personne divine et personnification de l’astre diurne, puis d’en déduire la nature du pouvoir cosmique du dieu, notamment par l’étude des documents dans lesquels il est mis en relation directe ou indirecte avec d’autres divinités, et de mettre en relief la spécificité de l’utilisation de l’image du dieu Sol dans un contexte impérial. / The Sun deity was documented in Rome and in Italy well before the advent of the Empire. Considered secondary for a long time, this god’s importance grows only during the late Antiquity.This study aims at offering a renewed approach of its image by emphasizing the constancy of its iconography, the uniformity of the messages associated to it, and its increasing importance in the imperial political ideology which we are to explain and place in a more global perspective from the 2nd to the 4th century.Within this thesis we will study the representations of the Sun deity, as a god and as the personification of the sun. From the analysis of its documented relationship to other divinities we will establish its cosmic power and the particular use of its image in an imperial context.

Dans les Droits antérieurs à la codification de 1804, les conventions ne suffisaient pas, en principe, à constituer et à transférer les droits réels : pour atteindre ce résultat, un mode acquisitif, comme la tradition de la chose, était nécessaire. Quand ce n’était exceptionnellement pas le cas, le droit réel, qui était constitué ou transféré par la seule convention, était néanmoins constitué et transféré erga omnes. Or, à partir du code civil et des réformes législatives postérieures, il n’en va plus ainsi : le principe adopté est celui de la constitution et de la translation des droits réels sola conventione.Mais l’étude des textes législatifs et réglementaires ainsi que des opinions doctrinales du XIXe siècle révèle que le changement initié en 1804 est bien plus profond : si la convention suffit à constituer et à transférer les droits réels, ces droits ne sont constitués et transférés qu’à l’égard des parties.Ainsi, en Droit français actuel, la vente d’un bateau en transfère la propriété à l’égard du vendeur, mais non à l’égard des tiers et, en particulier, des créanciers chirographaires du vendeur ou de l’État. Tant que l’inscription de l’acte de vente n’est pas accomplie, ces tiers peuvent ignorer le transfert de la propriété causé par la vente. Dès lors, certaines questions se posent inévitablement : la vente a-t-elle réellement transféré la propriété ? Une propriété à l’égard du seul vendeur est-elle encore réellement une propriété ? De même, en Droit français actuel, une convention peut constituer une hypothèque, mais ce droit n’est pas opposable aux tiers tant que cet acte n’a pas été inscrit. Ainsi, les créanciers chirographaires du constituant peuvent ignorer le droit du créancier hypothécaire. Mais une hypothèque qui n’est pas un droit de préférence n’est-elle pas un concept absurde ? Cette thèse explique comment le législateur et la doctrine du XIXe siècle, en réduisant le mode acquisitif au titre acquisitif et en distinguant entre effet inter partes et effet extra partes, ont construit un mythe : celui des conventions constitutives et translatives de droits réels. Contrairement aux formules généralement retenues par la loi et les manuels, en Droit français actuel, les droits réels sont constitués et transférés par la convention et la tradition ou l’inscription. / The Law prior to the 1804 codification is ruled by the principle that agreements are not sufficient to establish and transfer real rights: in order to reach this result, an additional modus of acquisition, like the delivery of the thing, is required. When it is not the case, the real right, established or transferred by mere agreement, is nevertheless established and transferred erga omnes. However, since the civil code and the successive legislative reforms, the situation is no longer the same: the principle adopted is the establishment and the transference of real rights sola conventione. Nonetheless, the study of laws and regulations as well as the nineteenth century scholars’ opinions reveals that the change initiated in 1804 is much deeper: if the agreement is sufficient to establish and transfer real rights, these rights are established and transferred to the parties only. For example, in current French Law, the sale of a boat transfers its property regarding to the seller, but not towards to third parties and, in particular, not regarding to the seller’s unsecured creditors or to the State. As long as the registration of the deed of sale is not completed, these third parties may ignore the transfer of property resulting from the sale. A lot of questions can be raised: has the sale really settled a transfer of property? Is a property regarding only to the seller still really a property? Similarly, in current French Law, an agreement may establish a mortgage, but this right is not enforceable against third parties as long as this act has not been registered. Thus, the unsecured creditors of the settlor may ignore the right of the mortgagee. But does it make sense to consider a mortgage without a preference right?This thesis describes how the legislator and nineteenth century scholars, in reducing the acquisitive modus into the acquisitive titulus and in distinguishing between inter partes effect and extra partes effect, have built a myth : the one of the agreements establishing and transferring real rights. Unlike formulas generally used by law and textbooks, in current French Law, real rights are established and transferred by agreement and delivery or registration.

O estudo é dedicado à análise da eficácia do reconhecimento das convenções coletivas de trabalho e dos acordos coletivos de trabalho como garantia fundamental diante da outorga constitucional encerrada no inciso XXVI do art. 7º da Constituição Federal. A importância da abordagem construída está na ponderação do status representativo desse destaque na Lei Fundamental como aperfeiçoamento da tríade francesa da liberdade, igualdade e fraternidade (solidariedade), de modo a prevalecer nas relações individuais de trabalho a normatividade incorporada ao ordenamento jurídico por essas fontes de direito, decorrentes do exercício da autonomia privada do cidadão-trabalhador em assembleia participativa e direta. Para tanto, o trabalho percorre um itinerário em três movimentos. O primeiro, mediante abordagem histórica e resgate das motivações jurídicas de modelação da convenção coletiva de trabalho, em curso espaço de tempo igualmente designada por contrato coletivo de trabalho, e dos movimentos associativo-sindicais. No segundo, a inicial definição de premissas válidas relativas aos direitos fundamentais permissiva, por consequência, permissivas da catalogação constitucional do direito ao trabalho e das garantias constantes no art. 7º da Constituição Federal. O terceiro e último, com enfoque centrado na irradiação de eficácia e repercussão nas relações de trabalho dos convênios coletivos de trabalho nas relações individuais de trabalho em prevalência à lei. / This study intentd analyzing the effectiveness of the recognition of collective labor conventions and collective bargaining agreements as a fundamental guarantee before the Constitutional granting assured by Article 7, line XXVI of the Brazilian Federal Constitution. The importance of the built approach is in taking account the representative status about this emphasis in the Basic Law as an improvement of the French slogans: freedom, equality and brotherhood (solidarity), in order for prevail in the individual employment relationships the regulations incorporated into the legal system by these source of laws, resulting from the exercise of the citizen (workers) private autonomy in Shareholders. To do so, three approaches were employed: the first, by historical approach and surrenders the legal motives of the Collective Labor Convention deployment, in short period of time also referred to as collective employment contract, and the associative movement. In the second, the start definition of valid premises report on fundamental rights permissive, as a result, of the constitutional cataloguing of the right to work and the guarantees contained in the Article 7 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution. The third and final point focusing on irradiation of the efficiency and repercussion in the work relationships of the collective labor agreements in the individual employment relations prevails over the law.

Le projet de recherche vise à observer et comprendre les choix d'options comptables effectués par les groupes français lors de la première application des normes IAS/IFRS. Afin d'acquérir une vision globale du phénomène, nous adoptons une démarche multi-méthodes associant : constitution et analyse d'une base de données, étude économétrique, analyse lexicale, questionnaires et entretiens semi-directifs. Les données empiriques sont analysées au regard d'un cadre conceptuel multi-théorique conjuguant les théories politico-contractuelle, des conventions et néo-institutionnelle sociologique. <br />Nous mettons en évidence l'homogénéité des choix d'options retenus, ainsi qu'une volonté marquée de minimiser les effets du changement de normes en maintenant, dans la mesure du possible, les pratiques antérieures. Nous identifions également les facteurs explicatifs des choix d'options comptables lors de la première application des normes IAS/IFRS. En période d'incertitude radicale, les pressions exercées par les institutions comptables et la profession sont décisives pour le processus de choix. Par ailleurs, compte tenu de ses capacités cognitives limitées et de son souci de légitimer ses choix, le préparateur des comptes adopte un comportement mimétique

Cette thèse pose la question de la représentation économique du comportement des consommateurs, lorsque ces derniers affichent un certain degré de sensibilité vis-à-vis de l'environnement. Nous nous intéressons en particulier à la production de déchets des ménages, que nous proposons d'aborder d'un double point de vue : comme conséquence de l'activité de consommation, d'une part, comme activité économique à part entière, dans laquelle les individus doivent effectuer des choix, d'autre part.<br />La problématique centrale de cette thèse est donc la suivante : peut-on représenter économiquement le phénomène ‘déchet' dans l'acte individuel de consommation ? Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous proposons de représenter la sensibilité des consommateurs vis-à-vis de l'environnement, en général, et des déchets en particulier. Le postulat est que les individus peuvent intégrer la variable ‘environnement' dans leurs choix de consommation, dès l'achat de produits sur le marché : ceci définit ce que nous proposons d'appeler la rationalité environnementale continue des agents économiques.<br />Dans une seconde partie, nous caractérisons le comportement d'un individu qui choisit de trier ses déchets. A partir d'une enquête qualitative que nous avons réalisée, nous recherchons dans les discours et les pratiques des agents à définir ce qu'est le comportement du consommateur-producteur (-trieur) de déchets. Il apparaît, lors de cette enquête, que la sensibilité écologique des agents économiques, lorsqu'elle existe, ne se traduit pas prioritairement dans leurs choix de consommation. Les préoccupations vis-à-vis des déchets ménagers, postérieures aux décisions d'achat de biens, définissent une rationalité environnementale discontinue et nous conduisent à élargir le cadre d'analyse traditionnel du consommateur.

Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Kiel, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. vii-lxii).