Nós investigamos as relações entre a diversidade e a estrutura do componente arbóreo com as variáveis ambientais, em quatro posições microtopográficas (MPs), ao longo de um gradiente formado entre zonas úmidas depressionais florestadas e terras firmes em jaboticabais (FDWs) no Planalto Sul-Brasileiro. A riqueza específica e a diversidade foram similares nas terras firmes e menores nas zonas úmidas, enquanto que os parâmetros estruturais diferiram pouco entre as MPs. Uma análise de espécies indicadoras mostrou que poucas espécies são indicadoras das terras firmes, revelando que a distribuição das espécies foi relativamente uniforme em comparação às zonas úmidas. Os mesmos padrões foram revelados por uma análise de correspondência canônica (CCA), que mostrou que os alagamentos foram os principais determinantes da zonação de espécies arbóreas. Aparentemente, Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts (Myrtaceae) é a única espécie com distribuição praticamente restrita às MPs estudadas, mas os jaboticabais podem ter uma importância desproporcionalmente maior na preservação de espécies que são pouco abundantes em outras florestas na região. A ocorrência exclusiva de solos distróficos nas áreas de estudo, em uma região onde solos eutróficos predominam, indicam que as terras firmes estudadas representam zonas transicionais entre as zonas úmidas e a matriz florestal. Como estudo pioneiro em zonas úmidas depressionais florestadas no Planalto Sul-Brasileiro, nossos resultados sugerem que ao menos toda a área correspondente às depressões topográficas deve ser protegida, até que estudos complementares proponham zonas de amortecimento apropriadas, com base em critérios biológicos. Jaboticabais são ecossistemas únicos cuja restauração, manejo e preservação são cruciais para manter ambientes espacialmente heterogêneos e, consequentemente, a riqueza específica e as funções e serviços ecossistêmicos. / We investigated the relationships between tree component diversity and structure with environmental variables of four microtopographic positions (MPs) along a wetland-upland gradient in forested depressional wetlands (FDWs) on the South Brazilian Plateau. Species richness and diversity were quite similar in the uplands and lowest in the wetlands, while structural parameters differed little among MPs. An indicator species analysis showed that few species were indicators of the upland sites, suggesting that species distribution was relatively uniform in comparison to the wetlands. The same patterns were revealed by a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) that showed flooding to be the main factor driving tree species zonation. Apparently, Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts (Myrtaceae) is the only tree species with practically restricted distribution to the studied ecosystems, although FDWs and their surrounding uplands can have a disproportionately higher importance in the preservation of species that are under-represented in other regional forests. The occurrence of exclusively dystrophic soils in the study areas, in a region where eutrophic soils predominate, indicates that the studied uplands represent transitional zones between the FDWs and the forest matrix. As a pioneer study in FDWs on the South Brazilian Plateau, our findings suggest that the whole area of the topographic depressions should be protected at least until complementary studies propose proper buffer zones based on biological criteria. FDWs are unique ecosystems whose restoration, management and preservation are crucial to maintain spatial environmental heterogeneity and consequently species richness and ecosystem functions and services.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A proposta desta tese consiste em um recorte de uma abordagem mais ampla da determinação dos acidentes de trabalho, e tem como objetivo geral investigar o perfil de acidentes de trabalho que acometem funcionários técnico-administrativos do quadro efetivo de uma universidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para o alcance do objetivo, esta tese está estruturada em dois artigos, e como tal pretende explorar o perfil sócio-demográfico e ocupacional de funcionários públicos na ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho (Artigo 1); e investigar a associação entre os eventos de vida produtores de estresse (EVPE) e a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho (Artigo 2). Dados seccionais da fase 2 de um estudo de natureza prospectiva (Estudo Pró-Saúde) foram coletados entre 3572 funcionários. A história de acidentes de trabalho foi captada por meio de perguntas dicotômicas (sim vs. não) para cada um dos seguintes tipos de acidentes: perfuração com agulha; perfuração com outro objeto; corte; queimadura; choque elétrico; contusão ou distensão muscular; fratura, entorse ou luxação; e envenenamento ou intoxicação. O período de referência para aferição tanto dos EVPE quanto da ocorrência de acidente de trabalho correspondeu aos 12 meses anteriores a aplicação de questionário autopreenchível. No artigo 1 utilizou-se a técnica de análise de correspondência múltipla para delimitar agrupamentos de funcionários quanto ao perfil sócio-demográfico e ocupacional associado à ocorrência de acidente de trabalho, de acordo com as seguintes Característica : sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda per capita, ocupação, setor e local de trabalho. No artigo 2, a associação entre EVPE e acidentes de trabalho foi avaliada através de análise multivariada por meio de modelo lineares generalizados (logpoisson), sendo os resultados expressos através de razões de prevalência (RP) ajustadas e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A prevalência total de acidentes no período de 12 meses foi de 25,6%. Dos tipos de acidentes referidos, o mais frequente foi a contusão ou fratura, com cerca de (10,2%) de relatos. Em seguida, aparecem as perfurações com agulha (6,5%). Os resultados da análise de correspondência revelam três grupos, destacando-se aquele formado pelos que sofreram perfuração com agulha com um perfil que abrange os auxiliares de enfermagem, trabalham no Hospital Universitário e setores adjacentes, especificamente em setores de terapia intensiva, emergência, cirurgia geral, clinica geral e ambulatório. Em relação à associação com EVPE, ter sido testemunha de agressão foi o evento mais fortemente associado com acidentes de trabalho (RP= 1,98, IC95%= 1,67; 2,34). Este estudo trouxe informações acerca da importância das características sócio-demográficas e de aspectos psicossociais na ocorrência dos acidentes de trabalho que podem ser úteis na elaboração de medidas para a prevenção desse importante problema de saúde pública. / This Thesis focuses on epidemiology of occupational accidents by describing their association with life events and socio-demographic and occupational variables among employees of a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two original papers form the core of the Thesis, the first describes the socioeconomic and occupational profile associated to specific types of occupational accidents, and the second investigates the association between life events and the occurrence of occupational accidents. Sectional data obtained from phase 2 of a prospective study (Estudo Pró-Saúde) were collected for 3,572 participants. The history of occupational accidents was obtained using dichotomous questions (yes/no) for the following types of injuries: needlestick; perforation by other objects; cut or laceration; burn; electric shock; contusion or bruise; fracture, dislocation or distortion; and poisoning. The period of recall for accidents and life events was the 12-month before answering the self-reported questionnaire. In the first paper we used multiple correspondence analysis to identify groups of participants regarding their socio-demographic and occupational profile related to accidents using the following variables: gender, age, literacy, income, occupational status, place of work and job sector. In the second paper the association of life events and work accidents was evaluated by multivariate generalized linear model (log-poisson), and the results expressed as adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The total prevalence of accidents in the 12-month period was 25.6%. The most common accidents were contusions or fractures (10.2%) followed by needlesticks (6.5%). Results from correspondence analysis revealed three groups, the most prominent was the one composed by those with needle stick injuries, working at the university hospital as nurse assistants, located specifically at intensive care, surgical, ambulatory or emergency units. Regarding life events, being witness of aggression was the event more strongly associated to occupational accidents (PR= 1.98, 95%CI= 1.67; 2.34). This study highlighted important information about the association between socio-demographic, occupational and psychosocial characteristics and occupational accidents. This information might be used when defining strategies to prevent this important public health problem.

Correspondance de forme est un problème fondamental dans de nombreuses disciplines de recherche, tels que la géométrie algorithmique, vision par ordinateur et l'infographie. Communément définie comme un problème de trouver injective/ multivaluée correspondance entre une source et une cible, il constitue une tâche centrale dans de nombreuses applications y compris le transfert de attributes, récupération des formes etc. Dans récupération des formes, on peut d'abord calculer la correspondance entre la forme de requête et les formes dans une base de données, puis obtenir le meilleure correspondance en utilisant une mesure de qualité de correspondance prédéfini. Il est également particulièrement avantageuse dans les applications basées sur la modélisation statistique des formes. En encapsulant les propriétés statistiques de l'anatomie du sujet dans le model de forme, comme variations géométriques, des variations de densité, etc., il est utile non seulement pour l'analyse des structures anatomiques telles que des organes ou des os et leur variations valides, mais aussi pour apprendre les modèle de déformation de la classe d'objets. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à une enquête sur une nouvelle méthode d'appariement de forme qui exploite grande redondance de l'information à partir des ensembles de données dynamiques, variables dans le temps. Récemment, une grande quantité de recherches ont été effectuées en infographie sur l'établissement de correspondances entre les mailles statiques (Anguelov, Srinivasan et al. 2005, Aiger, Mitra et al. 2008, Castellani, Cristani et al. 2008). Ces méthodes reposent sur les caractéristiques géométriques ou les propriétés extrinsèques/intrinsèques des surfaces statiques (Lipman et Funkhouser 2009, Sun, Ovsjanikov et al. 2009, Ovsjanikov, Mérigot et al. 2010, Kim, Lipman et al., 2011) pour élaguer efficacement les paires. Bien que l'utilisation de la caractéristique géométrique est encore un standard d'or, les méthodes reposant uniquement sur l'information statique de formes peuvent générer dans les résultats de correspondance grossièrement trompeurs lorsque les formes sont radicalement différentes ou ne contiennent pas suffisamment de caractéristiques géométriques. [...] / 3D geometry modelling tools and 3D scanners become more enhanced and to a greater degree affordable today. Thus, development of the new algorithms in geometry processing, shape analysis and shape correspondence gather momentum in computer graphics. Those algorithms steadily extend and increasingly replace prevailing methods based on images and videos. Non-rigid shape correspondence or deformable shape matching has been a long-studied subject in computer graphics and related research fields. Not to forget, shape correspondence is of wide use in many applications such as statistical shape analysis, motion cloning, texture transfer, medical applications and many more. However, robust and efficient non-rigid shape correspondence still remains a challenging task due to fundamental variations between individual subjects, acquisition noise and the number of degrees of freedom involved in correspondence search. Although dynamic 2D/3D intra-subject shape correspondence problem has been addressed in the rich set of previous methods, dynamic inter-subject shape correspondence received much less attention. The primary purpose of our research is to develop a novel, efficient, robust deforming shape analysis and correspondence framework for animated meshes based on their dynamic and motion properties. We elaborate our method by exploiting a profitable set of motion data exhibited by deforming meshes with time-varying embedding. Our approach is based on an observation that a dynamic, deforming shape of a given subject contains much more information rather than a single static posture of it. That is different from the existing methods that rely on static shape information for shape correspondence and analysis.Our framework of deforming shape analysis and correspondence of animated meshes is comprised of several major contributions: a new dynamic feature detection technique based on multi-scale animated mesh’s deformation characteristics, novel dynamic feature descriptor, and an adaptation of a robust graph-based feature correspondence approach followed by the fine matching of the animated meshes. [...]

O presente estudo examinou a trajetória literária do autor inglês John Gay sob o viés da sua correspondência, com o objetivo de encontrar exemplos de seu processo de criação nas suas cartas. Selecionou-se um corpus composto de cartas escritas por e para John Gay, famoso pela criação da ballad opera The Beggar's Opera, escrita em 1728. Dentre os seus mais importantes correspondentes, destacam-se os escritores Alexander Pope e Jonathan Swift. A análise das cartas mostrou que seu objetivo ia muito além da simples comunicação. Foi possível examinar algumas etapas do processo de criação do escritor através de trechos de poemas, alusões literárias e informações de fontes contidas nas cartas. Tais descobertas servem para afirmar o caráter literário da correspondência, que pode servir como espaço de expressão artística e território da criação. O questionamento decorrente dessa afirmação é acerca dos limites que separam os dois gêneros, literário e epistolográfico. / This study examined the literary career of the eighteenth century writer John Gay from the point of view of his letters, with the aim of finding examples of his creation process in his correspondence. A corpus consisting of letters written by and to John Gay, who is famous for his ballad opera The Beggar's Opera written in 1728, was selected. Among his most important correspondents were the famous writers Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift. The analysis of the letters showed that their aim reached beyond communication. It was possible to examine some stages of the author's creation process through lines of his poems, literary allusions and sources expressed in his letters. These findings affirm the literary character of the correspondence, as a way of artistic expression and territory of creation. This statement raises a question about the border between literary genre and correspondence.

Les classiques conçoivent le champ artistique pluriel comme un dense réseau de correspondances, en y décelant un potentiel d’une riche expérience de la culture du temps. En renonçant à chercher dans leurs textes les présages de la conception moderne de l’Art (le génie fulgurant, l’invention, la créativité, l’originalité), nous remettons l’accent sur un autre versant de l’esthétique classique, se focalisant sur la résistance de la matière à la forme, l’exécution, le faire et la durée. En concevant la mimésis comme une équivalence entre poiesis et aisthesis, les classiques affirment que l’expérience artistique doit son déroulement, ses inflexions et la qualité de sa richesse au(x) médium(s) engagé(s). Que ce soit potentiellement ou concrètement, la variété du champ des arts conditionne nécessairement toute expérience artistique. Stimulante ou dérangeante, l’intermédiation des registres allogènes dans la contemplation d’une œuvre ainsi que dans la définition d’un art devient un détour inévitable, un dispositif de cohérence, récalcitrant à toute systématisation. Cette vision des arts anime l’imaginaire depuis la Renaissance jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, en trouvant dans la littérature jardinière un terreau particulièrement fécond. Au XVIIIe siècle, la tradition classique fait l’objet d’une importante pression : la nouvelle disposition épistémologique et la lente autonomisation de l’expérience esthétique incitent à l’organisation de relations interdisciplinaires jugées trop chaotiques. La réponse se montre ambiguë entre les constats, les impératifs et l’expérience relatée. La théorie du jardin restreint alors le cercle de ses références aux arts « libéraux », en assignant à chaque alliance interdisciplinaire une fonction particulière. L’entreprise remporte un certain succès : elle parvient à s’ancrer dans l’opinion publique et suscite un débat esthétique inédit dans l’histoire des jardins. Toutefois, la conceptualisation de la correspondance des arts se heurte à une difficulté : l’homogénéisation et l’unification du champ pluriel des arts. La déclaration du jardin en tant que foyer de « tous les arts » a pour but de prévenir le risque de sa monopolisation par un seul intermédiaire. En tout, suspendus entre les tendances du sujet unificateur et le désir de conserver la multiplicité des arts, les Lumières génèrent une forme de gestion de la pluralité que nous appelons une « dissipation contenue ». Les détours interdisciplinaires sont les chemins de la connaissance propres à la culture opérant dans le champ multiple des arts. Le contexte du jardin radicalise cette sémiose détournée. Les différences entre les objets acquièrent ici la valeur de simples différentiels. Dans une composition artistique qui fait de son exposition facteurs imprévisibles et contingents sa raison d’être, la logique fondée sur l’identité et l’opposition est inopérante. Par la voie de contigüité ou de similitude, les valeurs des arts se déplacent des objets à d’autres : la demeure principale rayonne et transmet son ordre architectural aux parterres environnants, le tableau imprime sa copie in situ de qualités picturales, la fabrique abritant une figure se pare de traits sculpturaux, etc. A réunir dans un enclos jardinier « tous » les arts, ses amateurs lui permettant de perpétuer cette sémiose potentiellement à l’infini. Les jardins des classiques ne sont pas conçus pour apporter de nouvelles connaissances, mais pour sonder l’expérience accompagnant son acquisition. L’enchaînement des dérapages disciplinaires « contenu » transforme la lecture du jardin en un « art de la promenade » érudit : une disposition cognitive constituée de comportements intellectuels et corporels étudiés, paradoxalement, dans le but d’atteindre le délassement et le naturel. / The art of gardens in France (1760-1808): Correspondence of arts in theory and practice. Classical thinkers understand the plural artistic realm to be a dense network of correspondences, where the rich experience of the culture of time (of cultivating time) yields a high potential. Having renounced to search through their works for harbingers of modern art (brilliant genius, invention, creativity, originality), we concentrate more on another aspect of classical aesthetics which focuses on the resistance of matter to form – execution, the act of doing and duration. Considering mimesis as an equivalence between poiesis and aisthesis, classical thinkers maintain that artistic experience owes its unfolding, its inflections and its quality to the chosen medium or media. Be it potentially or concretely, the diversity of the art realm necessarily conditions every artistic experience. Whether it be stimulating of disturbing, the intermediation of allogenic registers – as regards both the contemplation of an art work and the definition of an art form – becomes a necessary detour, a coherence mechanism, recalcitrant to any systemization. This view of the arts inspired public and artist imagination from the Renaissance to the end of the XVIIIth century, finding in garden literature a particularly fertile ground. During the XVIIIth century, classicism begins to be questioned : a new epistemological tendency, coupled with the growing autonomy of the aesthetic experience, results in the ordering of seemingly chaotic interdisciplinary relations. Assessments, imperatives and portrayed experience make for an ambiguous response. As a result, garden theory reduces the scope of its references to the “liberal” arts, ascribing to each interdisciplinary alliance a particular function. This new approach enjoys considerable success, permeating public opinion and triggering an aesthetic debate never before seen in garden history. Nevertheless, conceptualizing a correspondence between the arts meets with difficulty: homogenizing and the unifying the plural domain of the arts. Presenting the garden as the source of “all of the arts” aims to prevent one single discipline from monopolizing it. All in all, torn between the subject as unifier and the desire to retain the multiplicity of the arts, the enlightenment philosophers invent a way to manage plurality that we call “contained dissipation.” Interdisciplinary detours are paths to knowledge specific to culture, operating in the multiple realm of the arts. In the context of the garden, this indirect semiosis is radicalized. Differences between objects thus acquire simple differential values. In an artistic composition whose existence is defined by its display vis-à-vis unpredictable and contingent factors, logic based on identity and opposition is inoperable. Through contiguity and resemblance, art values are displaced form one object to another: the principal residence radiates, transmitting its architectural order to the surrounding beds, the painting transfers pictorial qualities to its in situ copy, the factory harboring a figure takes on its sculptural traits, and so on. By uniting "all" of the arts in a garden enclosure, enthusiasts of the latter endow it with a material which makes it possible to perpetuate this semiosis infinitely. Classical gardens are not conceived to contibute new knowledge, but rather to enquire into the experience brought about by its acquisition. The succession of "contained" disciplinary blunders transforms the reading of the garden into an erudite “art of promenading” : at work is a cognitive mindset composed of prepared intellectual and bodily comportments whose paradoxical goal is to achieve relaxation and naturalness.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:43:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCD.pdf: 575295 bytes, checksum: 67693f4066c09400c8438c20419fa8ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-06 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / When children with a history of school failure report on the outcomes of reading responses, most of them tend to report mostly correct responses, even after they make mistakes. This study investigated variables influencing correspondence in these reports and attempted to train correspondence to ensure accurate reports of errors, as well as of correct responses. Experimental sessions presented series of words on a computer screen. The computer dictated the correct word and children selected a green or a red window to report that the response had been correct or wrong. Baseline sessions showed that reports of errors as correct responses increased as a function of error probability. Training sessions then reinforced correspondence, providing points contingent to selections of the green window after a correct response and selections of the red window after an error. Correspondence quickly increased and was maintained in subsequent baseline sessions. Correspondence training was effective to establish accurate reports of errors in these children. / Quando crianças com história de fracasso escolar relatam seus resultados em leitura de palavras, a maioria delas tende a relatar a maior parte as respostas como corretas, mesmo que tenham cometido erros. Este estudo investigou as variáveis que influenciam a fidedignidade desses relatos e tentou treinar a correspondência para assegurar relatos correspondentes de erros, bem como de acertos. As sessões experimentais apresentaram diversas palavras em uma tela do computador. O computador ditou a palavra correta e as crianças selecionaram uma janela verde ou vermelha para relatar que a resposta tinha sido correta ou errada. As sessões da linha de base mostraram que os relatos de erros como respostas corretas aumentaram em função da probabilidade de erro. As sessões do treino reforçaram então a correspondência, fornecendo os pontos contingentes às seleções da janela verde após uma resposta correta e às seleções da janela vermelha após um erro. A correspondência aumentou rapidamente e foi mantida em sessões subsequentes de linha de base. O treinamento da correspondência foi eficaz para estabelecer relatos exatos dos erros nestas crianças.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJGSR.pdf: 2611645 bytes, checksum: 6dbd36dc8e39b96d32bfddfeef61b88a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / Self-service companies have been concerned about improving their performance in face of competition, either to conquer new markets or to keep in business. It is essential for them to present good quality products and/or services. Thus, in this study, one of the aims was to show that the waiting time in supermarket checkout lines is very important for service speed and, therefore, for the service level of customers. Other aims include the reasons why the customer goes regularly to a specific supermarket and, among these reasons, the relevance of each one in contrast with the others, and its relative importance. As a result, it was possible to contextualize the scenario in which customers view the importance of queues and their waiting time. Also, the level of schooling of the customers was associated with the factors that lead them to go regularly to the place. This is an interesting contribution because in Brazil there is a relation between income and schooling. Besides, the queueing models that may satisfactorily represent the supermarket checkouts were studied and the one that best represents the system was identified. It was verified that the customers change lines when they notice another line with fewer customers, and the size of this difference was assessed. The queueing model with jockeying was the one to best represent the situation commonly found in supermarkets, and it can offer subsidies for service improvement. In order to carry out this research some companies in the city of São Carlos/SP were contacted, and one among the ones that allowed the data collection was selected. Therefore, this is a case study, thus presenting inferential limitations. / As empresas de auto-serviço, em geral, têm se preocupado em melhorar seu desempenho em relação à concorrência, seja para ganhar mercado ou mesmo para sobreviver. É essencial que apresentem boa qualidade nos produtos oferecidos e/ou serviços prestados. Assim, neste trabalho, entre outros, um dos objetivos, foi mostrar que o tempo de espera na fila de caixas de supermercados assume grande importância na rapidez de atendimento e, portanto, para o nível de serviço dos clientes. Outros objetivos também foram considerados. As causas pelas quais o cliente freqüenta aquele supermercado e, nestas, a relevância de cada uma em contraste com as outras, e sua importância relativa. Assim, pôde-se contextualizar o cenário no qual os clientes enxergam a importância da fila e de seu tempo de espera. Também, associou-se a escolaridade do cliente a fatores pelos quais este freqüenta o local, sendo esta uma contribuição interessante devido a existir, no Brasil, uma relação entre renda e escolaridade. Também, estudaram-se modelos de filas que podem representar satisfatoriamente o sistema de filas nos caixas de supermercados e identificouse, entre eles, o que melhor representou o sistema. Para o modelo de filas com trocas, foi verificado que os clientes trocam de fila quando percebem outra fila com menos clientes, sendo que o tamanho desta diferença foi avaliado. Este modelo foi o que melhor representou a situação comumente encontrada nos supermercados podendo fornecer subsídios para melhoria de atendimento. Para a viabilização da pesquisa foram contatadas algumas empresas da cidade de São Carlos/SP, sendo que, daquelas que permitiram a coleta de dados, uma foi selecionada. Desta forma, este trabalho se trata de um estudo de caso, tendo limitações inferenciais.

Nós investigamos as relações entre a diversidade e a estrutura do componente arbóreo com as variáveis ambientais, em quatro posições microtopográficas (MPs), ao longo de um gradiente formado entre zonas úmidas depressionais florestadas e terras firmes em jaboticabais (FDWs) no Planalto Sul-Brasileiro. A riqueza específica e a diversidade foram similares nas terras firmes e menores nas zonas úmidas, enquanto que os parâmetros estruturais diferiram pouco entre as MPs. Uma análise de espécies indicadoras mostrou que poucas espécies são indicadoras das terras firmes, revelando que a distribuição das espécies foi relativamente uniforme em comparação às zonas úmidas. Os mesmos padrões foram revelados por uma análise de correspondência canônica (CCA), que mostrou que os alagamentos foram os principais determinantes da zonação de espécies arbóreas. Aparentemente, Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts (Myrtaceae) é a única espécie com distribuição praticamente restrita às MPs estudadas, mas os jaboticabais podem ter uma importância desproporcionalmente maior na preservação de espécies que são pouco abundantes em outras florestas na região. A ocorrência exclusiva de solos distróficos nas áreas de estudo, em uma região onde solos eutróficos predominam, indicam que as terras firmes estudadas representam zonas transicionais entre as zonas úmidas e a matriz florestal. Como estudo pioneiro em zonas úmidas depressionais florestadas no Planalto Sul-Brasileiro, nossos resultados sugerem que ao menos toda a área correspondente às depressões topográficas deve ser protegida, até que estudos complementares proponham zonas de amortecimento apropriadas, com base em critérios biológicos. Jaboticabais são ecossistemas únicos cuja restauração, manejo e preservação são cruciais para manter ambientes espacialmente heterogêneos e, consequentemente, a riqueza específica e as funções e serviços ecossistêmicos. / We investigated the relationships between tree component diversity and structure with environmental variables of four microtopographic positions (MPs) along a wetland-upland gradient in forested depressional wetlands (FDWs) on the South Brazilian Plateau. Species richness and diversity were quite similar in the uplands and lowest in the wetlands, while structural parameters differed little among MPs. An indicator species analysis showed that few species were indicators of the upland sites, suggesting that species distribution was relatively uniform in comparison to the wetlands. The same patterns were revealed by a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) that showed flooding to be the main factor driving tree species zonation. Apparently, Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts (Myrtaceae) is the only tree species with practically restricted distribution to the studied ecosystems, although FDWs and their surrounding uplands can have a disproportionately higher importance in the preservation of species that are under-represented in other regional forests. The occurrence of exclusively dystrophic soils in the study areas, in a region where eutrophic soils predominate, indicates that the studied uplands represent transitional zones between the FDWs and the forest matrix. As a pioneer study in FDWs on the South Brazilian Plateau, our findings suggest that the whole area of the topographic depressions should be protected at least until complementary studies propose proper buffer zones based on biological criteria. FDWs are unique ecosystems whose restoration, management and preservation are crucial to maintain spatial environmental heterogeneity and consequently species richness and ecosystem functions and services.

The Iron age settlement of Buttle Änge is located on the island of Gotland (Sweden), in the inland south of the medieval town Visby. The Stonehouse foundations on the site have been the focus for the University of Uppsala Campus Gotland archeological excavation since 2013. This paper aims to present a study of the pottery found in the Stonehouse foundations and the spaces between the houses from the excavations 2014-2016. The intention is to map and comprehend the Buttle ceramics. In order to accomplish the intended purpose and questions, I have defined and categorized the ceramics in different ceramic types based on color and minerals alterations in the clay, as well as other defining features to investigate the craft and the archaeological structures. The ceramic ware is evaluated by certain restrictions intended for obtaining a relative dating for the houses, which can provide an increased insight into the locations relationships to other Stonehouse foundations. The houses display many similarities with both foundations and construction, the difficulty has been to establish a chronology.   The focus has been on ceramics rather than on the Stonehouse foundations, which has resulted in 21 different ceramic types, based on color and minerals variations in the clay. In the documentation of the material, both archaeological and handicraft markers have been considered. This is where the pottery is both a source of information for the archaeologists, but also a craft that possesses information. By trying to put the ceramics into its context, it becomes possible to get an understanding of how it has changed and developed. The pottery has then been compared with Vallhagar (Fröjel, Gotland), to see if the material from Buttle is of the same style and shape. Different markers have since been compared with the Vallhagar material, which has given deeper understanding for a chronology, but also that there are similarities that indicate that there has been a know-how to produce the ceramic. Although there are minor details that have changed in the vessel's markers, it may be crucial for the chronology. The change may have been for practical reasons, but also for social reasons, and we need to know the significance of the change before we can see the chronological value. The study of pottery can hopefully give a wide-ranging understanding of the Stonehouse foundations timelines and the iron age people’s daily life.

My thesis Factors of the verbal communication aimed at the economic sphere deals with the current topic from the field of communication in the economic sphere. Verbal communication is one of the basic tools of economy and business companies power applying. The thesis implies four main chapters. The first chapter describes the theoretical starting points of the work and defines the primary terms related to the topic verbal communication. The second chapter is attended to the specifics of the company communication, the communication target in the economical sphere, the purpose of the communication events in the economical sphere and to the strategy of the company communication. The third chapter is focused on the communication within the AHOLD Czech Republic Inc. company and the SPAR Czech business company LLC. The primary characteristics of these companies and the types of recorded texts are mentioned here. The fourth chapter is devoted to the comprehensive description of the distance communication according to the principles of the verbal communication theory. The aim of my work is the effort to the language capturing and understanding in relation to the practical activity in the business branch of the companies. The thesis tries to analyse specific communication events and to describe and specify the company distance communication according to the principles of the verbal communication theory. The specifics of the Czech business verbal communication are set down in the final part of this work.