No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MEd (Education Policy Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis explores the role and responsibility of the university in educating students to be democratic citizens in a cosmopolitan world, with specific reference to South African higher education, and Stellenbosch University in particular. Recent changes in the world, such as globalisation and the rise of the knowledge economy, has brought into question the role of the university, and some argue that the university in the 21st century is no more than another bureaucratic corporation with its business being providing the necessary knowledge and skills for students to become adequately equipped professionals. However, this thesis argues that universities in the 21st century do not only have the responsibility of training students to be competent professionals, but also of equipping them with the necessary skills to be responsible citizens in a democratic society. In this thesis, a theoretical framework is constructed in order to better understand the concept of democratic citizenship for a cosmopolitan world, and what such an education would entail, where after the South African Higher Education landscape is explored to gain an understanding of the institutional landscape and legislative and policy framework within which South African universities are situated. The final part of the thesis focuses on Stellenbosch University and the extent to which democratic citizenship education for a cosmopolitan world is encouraged and supported at an institutional level. The ultimate conclusion that Stellenbosch University is committed to the education of students towards democratic citizenship for a cosmopolitan world, at least as far as policy and planning documents are concerned, however raises further questions - amongst others about the transformation of the institutional culture. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die rol en verantwoordelikheid van die universiteit in die opvoeding van studente tot demokratiese burgerskap in 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld, met spesifieke verwysing na Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwys en meer bepaald studente aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch. Onlangse wêreldwye tendense soos globalisering en die opkoms van 'n kennis-ekonomie plaas noodwendig die rol van die universiteit onder die soeklig. Daar is diegene wat argumenteer dat die universiteit van die 21ste eeu niks anders is as nog 'n burokratiese korporatiewe instelling nie. Die besigheid van so 'n instelling, word geargumenteer, is die voorsiening van die nodige kennis en vaardighede ten einde studente voldoende toe te rus as professionele persone. Daarteenoor is die argument van hierdie tesis dat universiteite in die 21ste eeu nie net die verantwoordelikheid het om studente op te lei tot bevoegde professionele persone nie, maar ook om hulle toe te rus met die nodige vaardighede om verantwoordelike burgers te wees in 'n demokratiese samelewing. 'n Teoretiese raamwerk is ontwikkel ten einde die konsep 'demokratiese burgerskap' in 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld en wat dit behels, beter toe te lig. Vervolgens is die Suid Afrikaanse hoëronderwyslandskap ondersoek ten einde 'n begrip te verkry van die institusionele landskap sowel as die wetgewende en beleidsraamwerke waarbinne Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite hul bevind. Ten slotte fokus die tesis op die Universiteit Stellenbosch en die mate waartoe die instelling opvoeding tot demokratiese burgerskap vir 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld op 'n institusionele vlak aanmoedig en ondersteun. Die uiteindelike gevolgtrekking dat die Universiteit Stellenbosch wel verbind is tot die opleiding van studente tot demokratiese burgerskap in 'n kosmopolitiese wêreld, ten minste soos vervat in beleids- en beplanningsdokumente, lei egter tot verdere vrae oor onder meer die transformasie van die institusionele kultuur.

Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. Philosophy

Maarten Maartens (1858-1915) is the penname of Joost Maria Willem van der Poorten Schwartz, a Dutchman who wrote poetic plays, novels and short stories in English between 1890 and 1914. But "Maarten Maartens" is more than just a pseudonym chosen because it sounded Dutch while it could still easily be pronounced by his English readers. Under his own name, Schwartz lived retired in the country in the Netherlands while, under his heteronym Maarten Maartens, he led a life as a writer and a man of the world. His works were published in Britain, in the United States and in Germany. Due to the variety of settings in different countries as well as well as due to the interest he took in all layers of society, Maartens can be considered a European rather than a Dutch or British writer; he is perhaps the first author worthy of such name. However, the fact that his themes were not limited to a particular social and cultural setting has never been fully acknowledged, because reviewers and critics continued to focus their interest mainly on the Dutch element in his works, i.e., the representation of Dutch life and morals. As Maartens phrased it in the preface to his fifth novel The Greater Glory (1894): "The morals I seek to describe are those of the entire human race. It is only by the merest accident that my scene is laid in Holland, a country whose inhabitants, I suppose, are no better, nor worse, than my neighbours." In this dissertation, Maartens is placed for the first time within the literary-historical context of the late nineteenth century and the question is explored whether Maartens is merely to be considered a minor author favouring the realistic mode of writing, who still gives us captivating glimpses into a social microcosm long gone by, or whether, and to which extent, he achieved his aim to surpass this aspect. For the general assessment, apart from the published works, a number of unpublished manuscripts are included, amongst which there are a play, several complete and fragmentary novels as well as short stories, private and literary correspondence and some notebooks containing philosophical and literary reflections. While Maartens successfully published both novels and short stories, this dissertation argues that his predilection for literary tableaux quite naturally points at the short story as its most suitable form. Stripped of all non-essential detail and moralizing, the short story enabled the artist to escape from the calling of the preacher. Not only did its moral impact remain untainted; it became more persuasive. In his short stories, Maartens did not feel compelled to tackle the larger social issues that preoccupied him. The short form allowed him to ignore the changes in literary tastes and fashions, giving his attention exclusively to the essential detail, which, to him, represented a universal truth. If he had more thoroughly exploited its potential to give shape to his unique observations, the short story in the English language would have been the richer for it. A number of short stories have remained unpublished to this day, but there are four collections, as well as a number of uncollected stories published in magazines that offer invaluable insights into prevailing attitudes of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. To this day Maarten Maartens? novels and in particular his short stories continue to be unique literary explorations of the human condition. / Maarten Maartens (1858-1915) ist das Pseudonym von Joost Maria Willem van der Poorten Schwartz, einem Holländer, der zwischen 1890 und 1914 lyrische Theaterstücke, Romane und Kurzgeschichten in der englischen Sprache verfasste. Aber "Maarten Maartens" ist mehr als nur ein Pseudonym, das ausgewählt worden war, weil es holländisch klang und doch leicht von englischen Lesern ausgesprochen werden konnte. Unter seinem eigenen Namen lebte Schwartz ein zurückgezogenes Leben auf seinem holländischen Landgut, während er unter seinem Heteronym Maarten Maartens das Leben eines Autors und eines Mannes von Welt führte. Seine Werke wurden in England, Amerika und Deutschland veröffentlicht. Wegen der Internationalität seiner Schauplätze und Themen, sowie auch wegen des Interesses, das er an allen sozialen Schichten zeigte, muss Maartens eher als europäischer denn als niederländischer oder britischer Autor betrachtet werden; vielleicht ist er sogar der erste Autor, der den europäischen Namen verdient. Die Tatsache, dass seine Themen nicht auf das Holländische beschränkt sind, wurde allerdings von der Kritik vernachlässigt, weil Rezensenten und Kritiker sich immer hauptsächlich auf die holländischen Elemente in seinen Werken konzentrierten. Doch wie es Maartens selbst im Vorwort zu seinem fünften Roman The Greater Glory (1894) formulierte: "Die moralischen Werte, die ich zu beschreiben suche, sind die der ganzen Menschheit. Es ist reiner Zufall, dass meine Schauplätze in Holland liegen, einem Land, dessen Einwohner, wie ich annehme, weder besser noch schlechter sind als meine Nachbarn." In dieser Dissertation wird Maartens zum ersten Mal in den literar-historischen Kontext des späten neunzehnten Jahrhunderts eingeordnet, und es wird untersucht, ob Maartens als minor author gelten sollte, der in seiner realistischen Schreibweise noch heute interessante Einblicke in einen längst vergangenen sozialen Mikrokosmos gewährt, bzw. in welchem Maße er sein selbst definiertes Ziel erreicht, über diesen Aspekt hinauszugehen. Für die allgemeine Bewertung wurden neben publizierten Werken auch eine Anzahl unveröffentlichter Manuskripte herangezogen, sowie auch Auszüge aus seiner privaten und literarischen Korrespondenz. Hinzu kommen einige (unveröffentlichte) Notizbücher mit privaten und philosophischen Betrachtungen. Maartens war erfolgreicher Autor von Romanen und Kurzgeschichten, aber es wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit die These vertreten, dass ihn seine Vorliebe für literarische tableaux eigentlich für die kurze Form prädestinierte. Da hier das Einfügen zahlloser Einzelheiten und ausführlicher moralisch-bewertender Erzählerkommentare gattungsbedingt nicht möglich war, musste sich Maartens auf das Wesentliche beschränken, so dass die Geschichten für sich selbst sprachen. Die Kurzgeschichte ermöglichte ihm, geschmacksgeschichtliche Veränderungen zu ignorieren und sich ausschließlich auf solche Details zu konzentrieren, die für ihn universelle Wahrheiten enthielten. Hätte er sich verstärkt dieser Form gewidmet, um seine besonderen Einblicken festzuhalten, wäre die englische Kurzgeschichte reicher geworden. Einige seiner Romane und Kurzgeschichten sind unveröffentlicht, doch es sind vier Erzählbände erschienen; weitere einzelne Geschichten wurden in Zeitschriften publiziert. Bis heute bleiben Maarten Maartens Romane, doch v.a. seine Kurzgeschichten einzigartige Untersuchungen der condition humaine.

The background to this study lies in the discrepancy between the perceptions of international student mobility in the context of the internationalisation of higher education by the EU and universities on one hand and international students themselves in terms of their motivations to study abroad on the other hand. This is a comparative study based on three main case studies, of six universities in New Zealand, Oxford University in the UK and the Charles University in the Czech Republic. It explores the students’ experiences abroad in terms of their intercultural competence, the shaping of identities, the acquisition and transfer of knowledge, the possible forming of cosmopolitan mind-sets and empathy, perceptions of employability and their future mobility aspirations. This thesis also considers the barriers and ‘push and pull’ factors of mobility, perceptions of risk and uncertainty in regards to mobility and the role of serendipity in student mobility, which has been overlooked in the literature on mobility and migration. The theoretical framework of the study builds on social capital theory, Europeanisation and the ‘do-it-yourself biography’ theory. The nature of this topic, however, suggested the employment of the concepts of globalisation, transnationalism and consideration of other forms of capital, such as the total human capital, mobility capital and transnational identity capital. This is predominantly a qualitative, mixed-method and longitudinal research project, which uses surveys, case studies, interviews and the data collecting tool called grounded theory. It triangulates data to support and enhance the analytical validity of the thesis. This research concludes that student experiences abroad as well as the internationalisation efforts of universities and the EU would benefit from the introduction of education for global citizenship, which should focus on the intercultural competencies of students. The thesis suggests sociocultural elements for example the cosmopolitan mind-set can enhance the economic, academic and political rationales of internationalisation, such as employability.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeninaLSS_TESE.pdf: 2389924 bytes, checksum: be98cf3c8ee6fa1fe09ca9da91183afc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-30 / This thesis is a translation of work of the Brazilian doctor, Pedro da Silva Nava (1903-1984), in particular, his memoirs and chronicles, articulated with the writings of medicine history, aiming to defend that the autobiographical narratives are sources of research capable of promoting discussions on the expansion of the present at the confluence of complex and unequal society in constant changing process as the Brazilian. The theoretical and methodological support circulates around studies, proposals and thesis by Boaventura Santos about empowering past, destabilizing subjectivity, sociology of absences, cosmopolitan reason and translation work. The empirical support drawn from the literature produced by Nava were analyzed with reference this reasoning and studies that have facilitated the flow of translation among others, the studies of Antonio Candido, Arrigucci Jr., Boris Cyrulnik, Beatriz Sarlo, Ecl?a Bosi, ?talo Calvino, Jos? Willington Germano, Jos? Maria Can?ado, Lev Vygotsky, Marilena Chau?, Paul Ric?eur and Walter Benjamim, without neglecting what we consider indispensable to scientific research, the production of relevant knowledge and prudent, in view of a decent life. The initial inflections reflect the subject of the Memoirs and its education/training, to then place the Memoir subject in the literary context, scientific, historical and Brazilian poetic (1972-2010), bringing great interpreters and discussing the rationale used by the Narrator that we defend stand closer to the cosmopolitan, showing the formation of narratives whose presence insert itself beforehand to modernist verve, linked to the discursive array against the literature as domination space, disseminated in Brazil in the early twentieth century. So, it articulate with those in which the concerns adjust the construction of the social formation of Brazil as a national heritage through literary narrative that focuses on a historical principle that becomes the past empowering, allowing his rereading, whose converge to memory, the lifestyles, the plurality of language and Brazilian culture, formed by several people, converging into a design not of culture but multiculturalism in Brazil. The memory issue was addressed in the space-time of experiences of being that narrates, shaped by a destabilizing subjectivity that sought to order the testimony of a time, a history and society, retelling them by creative imagination, almost fictional, to make circulate his knowledge about Brazil attached to his medical knowledge, as well as other subjects in his living group and other groups with whom they maintained contact. Thus, he portrayed both tangible and intangible cultural assets of the country as a form of preservation, giving them meanings and sense. It approaches, therefore, from the perspective of sociology of absences, the expansion of the present and by the logic inherent in his narratives of self and Brazil / Consiste, este trabalho de tese, de uma tradu??o da obra do m?dico brasileiro, Pedro da Silva Nava (1903-1984), em particular, de seus escritos memorial?sticos e das cr?nicas, articulados com os de hist?ria da medicina, objetivando-se defender que as narrativas autobiogr?ficas s?o fontes de pesquisas capazes de promover discuss?es sobre a dilata??o do presente na conflu?ncia de uma sociedade desigual e complexa, em constante processo de mudan?a, como a brasileira. A fundamenta??o te?rica e metodol?gica circula no entorno dos estudos, propostas e teses de Boaventura Santos sobre passado capacitante, subjetividade desestabilizadora, sociologia das aus?ncias, raz?o cosmopolita e trabalho de tradu??o. As bases emp?ricas, extra?das da literatura produzida por Nava, foram analisadas tendo como referentes esta fundamenta??o e estudos que possibilitaram o fluir da tradu??o, entre outros, de Antonio Candido, Arrigucci Jr., Boris Cyrulnik, Beatriz Sarlo, Ecl?a Bosi, ?talo Calvino, Jos? Willington Germano, Jos? Maria Can?ado, Lev Vygotsky, Marilena Chau?, Paul Ric?eur e Walter Benjamim, sem descurar daquilo que consideramos imprescind?vel ? pesquisa cient?fica, ? produ??o de conhecimentos prudentes e pertinentes, na perspectiva de uma vida decente. As inflex?es iniciais traduzem o sujeito das Mem?rias e sua educa??o/forma??o, para, em seguida, situar as Mem?rias do sujeito no contexto liter?rio, cient?fico, hist?rico e po?tico brasileiro (1972-2010). Trazem seus principais int?rpretes, discutindo a racionalidade empregada pelo Narrador, que defendemos aproximar-se da cosmopolita, evidenciando a constitui??o de narrativas cujas presen?as inserem-se de antem?o ? verve modernista, vinculada ? matriz discursiva contr?ria ? literatura como espa?o de domina??o, disseminada no Brasil no in?cio do S?culo XX. Desse modo, articula-se ?quela na qual as preocupa??es conformam a constru??o da forma??o social do Brasil, como patrim?nio nacional, atrav?s da narrativa liter?ria com enfoque em um princ?pio hist?rico que torna o passado capacitante. Permite, assim, sua releitura, para cujas tramas convergem ? mem?ria, os modos de vida, a pluralidade da linguagem e da cultura brasileira, formada por v?rios povos, confluindo para uma concep??o, n?o de cultura, mas de multiculturalidade brasileira. A quest?o da mem?ria foi tratada no espa?otempo das experi?ncias do ser que narra, moldado por uma subjetividade desestabilizadora que buscou ordenar os testemunhos de um tempo, de uma hist?ria e de uma sociedade, recontando-os pela imagina??o criadora, quase ficcional, para fazer circular seus conhecimentos sobre o Brasil, unidos aos seus conhecimentos m?dicos, bem como aos de outros sujeitos de seu grupo de conviv?ncia e de outros grupos com os quais manteve contato. Assim, retratou bens culturais materiais e imateriais do pa?s como forma de preserva??o, atribuindo-lhes significados e sentidos. Aproxima-se, portanto, da perspectiva de sociologia das aus?ncias, pela dilata??o do presente e pelas l?gicas a ela inerentes em suas narrativas de si e do Brasil

Denna rapport behandlar två teoriskolor – Kosmopolitism och Kommunitarism – vilka är sammanfattande modeller som omfattar flera olika teoriinriktningar. Anledningen till dessa teoriers inkludering i rapporten var avsikten att förenkla den internationella arenan till att enbart omfatta två olika inriktningar, och på så sätt utröna om någon av dessa kunde användas till att förklara fenomenet internationell aggression.Arbetet har strukturerats så att tre konflikter har studerats för att finna bevis för närvaro av sex indikatorer som karakteriseras av de av de två teoriinriktningarna.Främst tryckta verk har nyttjats, men även några digitala tidningsartiklar samt elektroniska databaser har också använts.Slutsatsen efter studiens genomförande är att ingen av de två teoriinriktningarna enskilt kan nyttjas för att djupanalysera konflikter på den internationella arenan. Dock har resultatet visat på att en kombination av de två effektivt ger relevanta verktyg till att förklara uppkomsten av internationell aggression.

Cosmopolitan and For Him Magazine (FHM) are, at present, both the most widely read and, therefore, the most popular "white" consumer magazines in South Africa. They both appeal to young audiences of between 18 and 34 years of age, approximately, and target middle-class, educated groups of readers. My interest in Cosmopolitan and FHM lies in their ability to influence and shape their readers' actions, values, identities and relationships, in particular with the other gender. My analysis is focused on the cover pages and the Editor's letters of six copies of each magazine, ranging from April to September 2003, providing me with a corpus of 12 cover pages and 12 Editor's letters. I adopt a critical perspective through the use of Fairclough's (1989) Critical Discourse Analysis, supported by Mills (1995) Feminist Stylistics, McLoughlin's (2000) textual analysis of cover pages and Kress & van Leeuwen's (1996) visual analysis tools. By combining these different methodologies my research falls into what is newly termed Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (Lazar 2005). The cover page analyses used primarily McLoughlin and Kress & van Leeuwen and provides an element of pure genre analysis, while the analysis of the Editor's letters were subject to Fairclough's three inter-related stages of analysis, namely: a Description of the formal textual elements of the letters, an Interpretation which analyses the processes of text production and interpretation, and lastly an Explanation of the socio-historical context. Through an analysis of these magazines, whose interests are being served and how the readers are shaped and positioned by the magazines can be identified. My analyses revealed conflicting discourses within each magazine, however it was Cosmopolitan that revealed more tension and conflict in terms of identifying and representing women, while FHM subscribed, for the most part, uniformly to the "new lad" ideology. However, while Cosmopolitan attempted to show a forward-thinking and emancipatory view of the roles of men and women in society, both magazines covertly sustain patriarchal dominance and hegemonic masculinity. In conclusion, I reveal the need for consumers of the mass media to become more critically aware of the ideologies that are promoted through the differing tools of the media and that only through this critical awareness can any further movement towards equal relations between men and women be made. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich in Lateinamerika ein neuer Kontext für die Durchsetzung von Menschenrechten herausgebildet. Die organisatorische Entwicklung des Interamerikanischen Menschenrechtsschutzsystems (IAS), die Verabschiedung neuer Verfassungen durch die nationalen Gesetzgeber und die Anwendung innovativer Verfassungsauslegungen durch die maßgeblichen Gerichte in der Region haben zur Entstehung eines kosmopolitischen lateinamerikanischen Konstitutionalismus geführt. In diesem neuen Kontext hat der Interamerikanische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (IACtHR) damit begonnen, die gerichtliche Überprüfung innerstaatlicher Gesetze zu praktizieren, d.h. er hat bei mehreren Gelegenheiten nationale Behörden angewiesen, innerstaatliche Gesetze wegen ihrer Unvereinbarkeit mit der Amerikanischen Menschenrechtskonvention (ACHR) für ungültig zu erklären. Angesichts der zunehmenden Konflikte zwischen nationalen und internationalen Menschenrechtsautoritäten zielt diese Studie darauf ab, den legitimsten und effektivsten Ansatz für die Praxis der interamerikanischen Konventionskontrolle zu finden. Ausgehend von der Debatte über die innerstaatliche richterliche Normenkontrolle werden zunächst die Gründe für die Praxis einer starken internationalen Normenkontrolle untersucht. Anschließend adressiert diese Studie Theorien, die versucht haben, die interamerikanische Konventionskontrolle zu schwächen. Diese Theorien haben sich häufig für die Übernahme des nationalen Ermessensspielraums auf der Grundlage der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte ausgesprochen. Schließlich plädiert die vorliegende Studie für eine kontextbasierte Theorie der interamerikanischen gerichtlichen Überprüfung und versucht, den nationalen Ermessensspielraum mit dem kosmopolitischen Konstitutionalismus Lateinamerikas in Einklang zu bringen. / In recent decades, a new human rights enforcement context has emerged in Latin America. The organizational evolution of the Inter-American System for Human Rights Protection (IAS), the adoption of new constitutions by national legislatures, and the adoption of innovative constitutional interpretations by the most authoritative courts in the region have led to the emergence of Latin American cosmopolitan constitutionalism. Within this new context, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) has started practicing the judicial review of domestic laws, i.e., on several occasions, it has ordered national authorities to invalidate domestic laws due to their incompatibility with the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). By reviewing domestic laws, the IACtHR has placed itself in the middle of a dialogue between legislatures and courts that was long seen as an exclusively domestic conversation within Latin American constitutionalism. This strong form of international jurisprudence has made the normative questions relating to judicial review much more complex to address. Given the increasing conflicts between domestic and inter-American human rights authorities, this study aims to find the most legitimate and effective approach to the practice of inter-American judicial review. In line with this, and drawing on the debate about domestic judicial review, it first assesses the reasons behind the practice of strong international judicial review. In order to offer a better form of inter-institutional interaction within the IAS, this study later addresses theories that have sought to weaken the practice of inter-American judicial review based on the principle of subsidiarity. These theories have often advocated for the adoption of the national margin of appreciation based on the European experience with this concept of deference to national authorities. Finally, this study advocates for a context-based theory of inter-American judicial review and tries to reconcile the national margin of appreciation with Latin American cosmopolitan constitutionalism.