Yes / Purpose: This study investigates the role of consumer cosmopolitanism on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions towards foreign and local brands. Design/Methodology/Approach: The responses were collected on a structured questionnaire through a consumer survey. The data was then analysed through PLS-SEM. Findings: The results depict the positive influence of consumer cosmopolitanism on consumer attitudes towards foreign brands, which positively influences purchase intentions towards foreign brands and negatively influences the purchase intentions of local brands. Further, the mediating role of perceived quality was observed in explaining the consumer preference towards foreign and domestic brands. Practical Implications: Finally, the study concludes by providing implications for marketing scholars and managers of global and local brands. Originality Value: The paper examines the underlying mechanisms related to consumer cosmopolitanism and its role in influencing the foreign and local brand purchase.

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Today, global media such as the Internet provides media audiences scattered across the globe with the possibility of cross-cultural moral interaction upon a plethora of global digital public spheres. Such trends have been the catalyst for increased academic attention to the field of media and morality and the notion of media audiences as global citizens – ‘cosmopolitans at home’, consuming a wide array of mediated, global images and thus enforcing a proximity with the ‘distant Other’. Parallel to such trends is the dichotomous relationship between rural- and urban areas that have emerged as increasingly ambivalent in ‘network society’. Due to the ‘urbanization of media culture’ and the ‘digital divide’, it is argued that rural areas, in an era characterized by global interconnectedness, are rendered dysfunctional. On the other hand however, media can be argued to promote inclusion and new possibilities for rural people.   This study set out to empirically examine the tension field between residential patterns (rural/urban), the media (Internet) and cosmopolitanism. Setting out from the research questions: (1) What variables determine a ‘cosmopolitan outlook’ in Sweden?, (2) Does media use/access promote a ‘cosmopolitan outlook’, and under what circumstances?, and (3) Is there a ‘cosmopolitan divide’ between different residential patterns – and if so: how does it relate to different patterns of media use and access?. To attend the research questions, data from the annual national survey, Riks-SOM 2008, was analysed and the findings indicated the general trends for the Swedish cosmopolitan was, in accordance with other empirical accounts, young and well educated. Furthermore, respondents ‘high’ on Internet use where more likely to be cosmopolitans – confirming theoretical accounts of e.g. Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Beck and Dick Hebdige. Also, ‘locality’ proved to be more important for rural people than for people living in metropolitan areas. Finally, men and women displayed different ‘cosmopolitan patterns’: rural women being more cosmopolitan than metropolitan women in terms of a ‘willingness to move to a country outside of Europe’ while men displayed the opposite, following the hypothesis.

<p> </p><p>Today, global media such as the Internet provides media audiences scattered across the globe with the possibility of cross-cultural moral interaction upon a plethora of global digital public spheres. Such trends have been the catalyst for increased academic attention to the field of media and morality and the notion of media audiences as global citizens – ‘cosmopolitans at home’, consuming a wide array of mediated, global images and thus enforcing a proximity with the ‘distant Other’. Parallel to such trends is the dichotomous relationship between rural- and urban areas that have emerged as increasingly ambivalent in ‘network society’. Due to the ‘urbanization of media culture’ and the ‘digital divide’, it is argued that rural areas, in an era characterized by global interconnectedness, are rendered dysfunctional. On the other hand however, media can be argued to promote inclusion and new possibilities for rural people.</p><p> </p><p>This study set out to empirically examine the tension field between residential patterns (rural/urban), the media (Internet) and cosmopolitanism. Setting out from the research questions: (1) <em>What variables determine a ‘cosmopolitan outlook’ in Sweden?</em>, (2) <em>Does media use/access promote a ‘cosmopolitan outlook’, and under what circumstances?</em>, and (3) <em>Is there a ‘cosmopolitan divide’ between different residential patterns – and if so: how does it relate to different patterns of media use and access?</em>.<em> </em>To attend the research questions, data from the annual national survey, Riks-SOM 2008, was analysed and the findings indicated the general trends for the Swedish cosmopolitan was, in accordance with other empirical accounts, young and well educated. Furthermore, respondents ‘high’ on Internet use where more likely to be cosmopolitans – confirming theoretical accounts of e.g. Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Beck and Dick Hebdige. Also, ‘locality’ proved to be more important for rural people than for people living in metropolitan areas. Finally, men and women displayed different ‘cosmopolitan patterns’: rural women being more cosmopolitan than metropolitan women in terms of a ‘willingness to move to a country outside of Europe’ while men displayed the opposite, following the hypothesis.</p><p> </p>

In following several international migrants in the city of São Paulo, I found that inarticulate moments of hesitation, uncertainty, or suspension punctuated their trajectories. These fleeting and subtle instances revealed that people's lives were pervaded by a certain ‘messiness' that pointed out the limits of understanding life and the world through scientific standards of generalisation and coherence. Requiring a different attitude concerning the making of anthropology, ‘messiness' compelled my ethnographic account to admit that: firstly, people, places and situations, held a ‘mystery' that my efforts of scientific disclosure could never clarify completely; secondly, each attempt to live in the world became a very singular experimentation. In order to ethnographically do justice to the ‘mystery' and ‘singularity' I found in the lives I followed in São Paulo, this account found in Levinas's work inspiration to develop a phenomenological approach. This phenomenological approach combined two movements. The first movement searched for a way of incorporating the faltering occasions of inarticulacy in people's lives through imagination, signalling the limits of understanding these lives through objective knowledge, and proposing to appreciate them through processes of human recognition. This procedure was crafted as a ‘poetics of resonance', an aesthetic operation converting lived experience into written expression in a way that imagination can offer a sense of what it is to live a particular life or experience in its richness. The second movement in this phenomenological approach refers to the recognition of a human life in its singularity, attempting to substantiate it ethnographically in the form of particular ‘life-journeys', which is an approximation to what Levinas described as ‘uniqueness'. As follows, seven specific life-journeys are presented, organised as ‘journeys of being', ‘in-be(ing)tween journeys', and ‘journeys of becoming', according to the elements of affiliation each research participant stressed in their respective course shared with me. From the richness of these ethnographic particulars, insights for migration and urban studies were derived from the phenomenological approach undertaken. The ethnographic evidence questioned a sense of complexity based on categorisation in migration studies and suggested that for the portrayed life-journeys a concept of immensity is more appropriate than a concept of identity. Concerning theories about the urban, the mobility manifested by the life-journeys in São Paulo and beyond conveyed, not a city of ethnic neighbourhoods, but a city of ‘rough' experimentation, according to people's positionality and their ability to find their own ways in the city and in the world.

Colombian composer Jaime León (1921-2015) is known for his art songs. Most of the current scholarly literature about León defines him as a nationalist composer even though a majority of his songs do not appear to have nationalist traits. This document examines a representative selection of León's songs divided into three categories: songs influenced by the bambuco (the Colombian genre most present in his songs); songs whose text refers to Colombian culture; and songs without Colombian elements present in their text or music. After examination of these songs, my conclusion is that León, rather than being nationalist, was a cosmopolitan composer who used national elements as rhetorical tools in an isolated and experimental way.

Re-Reading the American Renaissance in New England and in Mexico City is a bi-national literary history of the confluence of concerns unevenly shared by new world liberal intellectuals in New England and in Mexico City. This dissertation seeks to fill a gap in our understanding of the complex history that informs the multi-faceted public and private spheres of the United States and Mexico in the twenty-first century. I introduce translations of nineteenth-century liberal intellectuals from the interior of Mexico who were preoccupied with many of the same ideas and problems characteristic of US American literary nationalism: the nation in moral crisis, the post-/neo-colonial onus of originality in the new world, the hypocrisies of race-based romantic nationalism, and the inherent contradictions of economic and political liberalisms. These inter-textual juxtapositions shift the analysis of US American liberal nationalism from a nation-based narrative of success or failure to the study of the complex, unequally distributed failures of liberalism across the region. Each chapter offers a new contextualization of the US American renaissance that demonstrates the period to be a complex palimpsest of provincial prejudices, liberal nationalisms, and cosmopolitan strategies. In Chapter Two I read the trans-american jeremiads of Margaret Fuller, Frederick Douglass, and Henry David Thoreau and Carlos María de Bustamante, Mariano Otero, and Luís de la Rosa in the aftermath of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Chapter Three focuses on Ralph Waldo Emerson’s and Ignacio Ramírez's incommensurate preoccupations with the origins of language and their inter-related post/neo-colonial bids for national recognition on a Eurocentric geopolitical stage. The travel accounts of William Cullen Bryant’s trip to Mexico City in 1872 and Guillermo Prieto’s overnight stay in Bryant’s Long Island home in 1877 set the scene in Chapter Four to explore the bi-national tensions inherent in their oddly inter-related romantic nationalisms. Furthermore, the insights of this bi-national literary history invite us to recognize the contours of our own geopolitical positions, and in recognizing them, to re-orient nationalist epistemologies and literary histories as deeply conversant with contemporaneous traditions otherwise considered peripheral and/or foreign. / text

The purpose of this study is to find out how Swedish voluntary migrants communicate with friends in three different groups: friends that resides in the same country as the respondent currently lives in, friends in Sweden, friends in other countries around the globe and whether or not individual mobility, demographic factors or a sense of global citizenship affect the chosen mean of communication. The reason behind the study is to introduce a previously unstudied area into the field of geographically based media studies and hopefully contribute to a deeper understanding of the role played by different means of communication in shaping the dynamics of global friendship. The theoretical approach in this study will be from three different outlooks, migration, polymedia (including the second-level digital divide) and cosmopolitanism. The study is based on data from the Institute for Society, Opinion and Media (SOM) and their survey questionnaire sent out to Swedish expatriates during fall 2014 / winter 2015, also known as Utlands-SOM. The total number of respondents are 2268. The study starts with basic frequencies to find out which media that are the most prominent, then binary logistic regressions have been made. The total number of dependent variables are 21 and these have then been analysed from seven independent variables; age, gender, education, travel patterns, years spent abroad, number of countries lived in and whether or not the respondent consider himself/herself being a cosmopolitan. This generates a total of seven tables (one for each media) with three models in each (contact with friends in current country of residency, contact with friends in Sweden and contact with friends in other parts of the world). Amongst Swedish expatriates, e-mail and Facebook are the two most popular media for keeping in touch with friends, regardless of the friends location. The most significant demographic variable is age. Usage of video call, text message, chat, Facebook and other social media tend to decrease with age. Every year spent abroad decreases the communication with friends in Sweden, but increases the communication in the current country of residency. The number of countries lived in have a positive effect on communication with friends in other parts of the world. Cosmopolitan self-identity is found to be most significant when communicating with friends in other parts of the world, and it also affects e-mail the most. Level of education, which in previous studies have been found closely linked to a cosmopolitan identity, is found to have no significant correlation. Arguably, this is explained by the other means of communications negative relationship with the variable. / Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur svenskar som frivilligt emigrerat utomlands kommunicerar med vänner inom tre olika grupper: vänner som bor i samma land som respondenten för tillfället lever i, vänner i Sverige samt vänner bosatta i övriga länder världen över. Detta sätts i perspektiv med huruvida den individuella mobiliteten, demografiska faktorer eller en känsla av ett världsmedborgarskap påverkar det valda kommunikationsmedlet. Denna studie ämnar att introducera ett tidigare förbisett forskningsområde inom geografiskt baserade mediestudier och därigenom förhoppningsvis bidra till forskningsfältet genom en fördjupad förståelse om kommunikationsmediers roll för vänskapsdynamik på global skala. Det teoretiska ramverk som utgör studiens grund är tre stycken skilda delar, migration, polymedia (inklusive en andra gradens digital klyfta) och kosmopolitism. Denna studie bygger på data från Institutet för Samhälle, Opinion och Media (SOM), och deras undersökning ställd till utlandssvenskar (Utlands-SOM) från hösten 2014 / vintern 2015. Totalt antal respondenter är 2268. Först görs en enkel frekvenstabeller för att undersöka vilket/vilka de primära medierna är i varje grupp, därefter har binära logistiska regressioner körts. Det totala antalet beroende variabler som behandlas är 21. Dessa sätts i perspektiv med ålder, kön, utbildning, resemönster, antal år utomlands, antal boendeländer och om respondenten anser sig vara världsmedborgare eller ej. Detta genererar totalt sju tabeller (en för varje media), med tre modeller i varje (kontakt med vänner i nuvarande boendeland, kontakt med vänner i Sverige och kontakt med vänner i övriga världen). Utlandssvenskarnas favoritmedium för att hålla kontakten med vänner, oavsett var vännerna befinner sig, visade sig vara e-post och Facebook. Den mest signifikanta demografiska variabeln visade sig vara ålder. Användandet av videosamtal, SMS, chatt, Facebook och andra sociala medier visade sig minska med högre ålder. För varje år respondenterna spenderar utomlands minskar oddsen för kommunikationen med Sverige, men ökar i det nuvarande boendelandet. Antalet länder som respondenterna har bott i har en positiv inverkan på kommunikationen med vänner i övriga världen. Den kosmopolitiska identiteten är mest signifikant när det kommer till att kommunicera med vänner i övriga världen och den påverkar även e-post som medium allra mest positivt. Utbildningsnivå, vilket sedan tidigare studier funnits vara tätt länkat med en kosmopolitisk identitet, visade sig inte vara signifikant i denna undersökning. Detta kan förklaras genom de andra kommunikationsmediernas negativa förhållande med variabeln.

In the 21st century, cosmopolitanism has become an ever emerging concept, as scholars turn to this worldview with the hope to address the unavoidable impacts of globalization. Simultaneously, the new educational trends in Europe in combination with the ongoing socio-political changes create new needs that demand a more cosmopolitan interference. With this in mind, the present research attempts to examine whether and how cosmopolitan ideals are promoted through education policies in Europe and to what extent these cosmopolitan ideals succeed to reach national policies and school practice in a country as Greece. To this end, the author conducts a qualitative multilevel study between Europe and Greece and bases her study on two research methods: interviews and document analysis.     The interview and document analysis that follows leads to a comparison not only between the European and the Greek context but also between the policy and practice level that spawns a better and deeper understanding of how education promotes and can promote cosmopolitanism. The findings of the research highlight that the dilemma of whether to employ an ethnocentric or cosmopolitan educational approach can be acute. Parallel to that, the conflicting conceptions of cosmopolitanism between Greece and the European Union tend to render the moral aspects of education quite numb. Finally, the research closes with some recommendations for the future and suggestions for further studies.

Ce mémoire explore des façons de conceptualiser la responsabilité dans des cas où des individus contribuent de façon peu significative à des torts collectifs éloignés. Pour contextualiser la discussion, la relation entre des actes de consommation et la perpétuation des « sweatshops » dans l’industrie des textiles et des chaussures est utilisée. Une approche basée sur les droits humains est déployée pour définir le tort qui est présent dans les usines de textiles et une conceptualisation de la connection est proposée selon la notion de la structure sociale. Guidé par la notion de « unstructured collective harms » proposée par Christopher Kutz, et en comparaison avec des notions de responsabilité qui mettent la responsabilité nationale en premier plan, les conclusions qui sont offertes ici sont centrées sur l’importance de la confrontation du consommateur pour remédier aux effets du problème d’action collective qui est au coeur de la création des torts collectifs lointains. Finalement, l’importance du cosmopolitanisme comme une façon de stabiliser des théories de responsabilité à travers les frontières est mis en évidence. / This paper explores ways of conceptualizing responsibility in cases where individual agents contribute in marginal ways to a distant collective harm. To contextualize the discussion, the relationship between consumer acts and the perpetuation of sweatshop labour in the Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear Industry has been focused upon. A human rights framework is adopted to define the harm that occurs on sweatshop floors and an understanding of connection to the harm has been proposed using the concept of social structure. Guided by the notion of unstructured collective harms, defined by Christopher Kutz, and in contrast to so called nation-centred approaches to responsibility, the conclusions here centre on the need to confront individuals with their contributions to distant collective harms as a way of countering the collective action problem that leads to distant collective harms. Finally, the importance of cosmopolitanism, as a way of stabilizing accounts of responsibility across borders, is emphasized.