Submitted by Amanda Miranda Fantinatti (miranda.a.amanda@gmail.com) on 2015-03-11T12:05:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_AMF Versão Final2.pdf: 693727 bytes, checksum: ded134187b2dabf9800ef72bbf7ccfb3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by JOANA MARTORINI (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2015-03-11T12:11:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_AMF Versão Final2.pdf: 693727 bytes, checksum: ded134187b2dabf9800ef72bbf7ccfb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T13:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_AMF Versão Final2.pdf: 693727 bytes, checksum: ded134187b2dabf9800ef72bbf7ccfb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / A eclosão da crise financeira internacional de 2008 colocou o uso da política fiscal novamente no radar dos formuladores de políticas públicas como forma de impulsionar a atividade econômica. No presente trabalho, analisamos a desoneração do IPI sobre automóveis com o objetivo de fornecer contribuições em duas direções: i) estimar e calibrar um modelo DSGE de pequena escala para o Brasil que incorpore esse aspecto e ii) analisar o impacto específico dessa política nas principais variáveis macroeconômicas à luz do modelo. Os resultados sugerem que o impacto desse estímulo fiscal foi inicialmente positivo em estimular a atividade, mas com efeitos decrescentes. / The outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis put the fiscal policy again in the spotlight as a way to boost economic activity. In this paper, we analyze the IPI tax exemption on vehicles aiming to contribute in two directions: i) estimate and calibrate a small scale DSGE model for Brazil that incorporates this aspect; and ii) evaluate the impact of this specific policy on the main macroeconomic variables through the lens of the model. Our results suggest that the impact of this fiscal stimulus was initially positive in boosting economic activity, however with diminishing effects.

This article analyzes the relationship that Law may have with the ield of macroeconomics, under the premise that Law and Economics has traditionally focused on the relationship between Law and microeconomics. For this purpose, the author makes a summary of the differences between the both ields of economics, and a summary of the tools Law and Economics has collected from them. It is described how the academic coming together between Law and macroeconomics has been driven by the global economic crisis that began in 2008. It is then described how the study and interpretation of legal institutions can consider their macroeconomic context. / El presente artículo realiza un análisis de la relación que puede tener el Derecho con la macroeconomía, bajo la premisa de que el Análisis Económico del Derecho tradicionalmente se ha centrado en la relación entre el Derecho y la microeconomía. Para este propósito el autor hace una síntesis de las diferencias entre ambos campos de la economía, y las herramientas que de ellos ha recogido el Análisis Económico del Derecho que conocemos. Se describe de qué forma el acercamiento académico entre el Derecho y la macroeconomía ha sido impulsado por la crisis económica mundial que comenzó el año 2008 y se explora la manera en que el estudio y la interpretación de las instituciones jurídicas puede tomar en cuenta el contexto macroeconómico en que éstas se desenvuelven.

L'évaluation des coûts et des avantages du système de banque centrale dépend fondamentalement de l'approche analytique adoptée. Les approches instrumentalistes et positivistes, discutées dans la première partie de cette thèse, se concentrent principalement sur l'importance des prédictions empiriques quantitatives. Ces approches tendent à mettre l'accent sur les conséquences immédiates et facilement mesurables. Les effets bénéfiques de court-terme des politiques monétaires expansionnistes sont ainsi étudiés en détail par les partisans de ces approches. Les critiques internes de ces dernières sont basées sur la reconnue ignorance des potentiels effets secondaires déstabilisateurs. Les coûts engendrés par les banques centrales sont vus principalement comme une perte de bien être due à une activité économique diminuée où une inflation des prix trop élevée résultant d'une déviation vis-à-vis de la politique monétaire optimale. L'approche causale-réaliste, étudiée dans la deuxième partie, donne un rôle plus restreint à la méthode empirique quantitative. Cette ligne de recherche permet une extension fructueuse de l'analyse coûts bénéfices à des notions plus abstraites qui peuvent être étudiées qualitativement tels le risque systémique et l'aléa moral. Cette étude défend que le régime moderne de banque centrale a alimenté le développement de ces deux phénomènes. Nous analysons comment la récurrence du cycle économique et la redistribution de la richesse au profit des plus aisés sont des effets importants de l'expansion du crédit. Une explication alternative de la stagflation basée sur le processus de l'intervention politique en réponse à ces conséquences inattendues est proposée. / The evaluation of the costs and benefits of central banking is to a considerable degree dependent on the analytical approach pursued.Instrumentalist-positivist approaches, as discussed in the first part of the thesis, emphasize the importance of empirical-quantitativepredictions for the development of economic models. Within this line of research, there exists a strong emphasis on those consequences of central banking that have an immediate and readily measurable empirical counterpart in the observed economic environment.Hence, the beneficial short-term effects of expansionary monetary policy in terms of increased economic activity are studied in detail and are well understood by proponents of these approaches. Internal counterarguments are based on acknowledged ignorance about potentially destabilizing side-effects. The costs of central banking are essentially seen as welfare losses from decreasedeconomic activity or excessive price inflation as results of deviations from an optimal monetary policy path. The causal- realist approach, as studied in the second part, assigns a narrower role to quantitative-empirical tools of analysis. This line of research allows for a fruitful extension of the cost-benefit analysis to more abstract notions such as systemic risk and moral hazard that can be analyzed qualitatively. It is argued that modern central banking is a contributing factor to both. Moreover, business cycles and wealth redistribution from bottom to top as important effects of credit expansion are analyzed. An alternative explanation of stagflation based on the process of political interventionism in response to unintended consequences of monetary policy is proposed.