<p>Sammanfattning</p><p> </p><p>Sedan 1 januari 2009 har vi en ny svensk diskrimineringslag, som förbjuder diskriminering, som har samband med av kön, könsöverskridande identitet eller uttryck, etnisk tillhörighet, funktionshinder, sexuell läggning eller ålder. Denna uppsats är en ansats att med diskrimineringslagen som utgångspunkt ta reda på vilka signaler lagen kan ge. Genom att analysera lagen och dess syften förs med hjälp av crip theory och andra normteorier en teoretisk diskussion om huruvida det kan finnas latenta konsekvenser som följd av dess utformning. Crip theory ifrågasätter normaliteten och hävdar att omgivningarna, och bristen på anpassning i dessa, skapar avvikelser samt menar att vi kan komma att förändra vår uppfattning och flytta gränserna för det som vi anser vara den normala människan genom att bättre anpassa miljön. Jag vill undersöka om crip theory går att applicera på samtliga diskrimineringsgrunder. Samtidigt som lagen skyddar utsatta grupper, så pekar den även ut dessa ut som avvikande. Det gör att lagen har en stigmatiserande effekt. Om avvikelserna utesluts så skapas en bild av något som kan betraktas som normalt. Genom att ge utsatta grupper bättre möjligheter i arbetslivet och utjämna skillnader så finns dock möjligheter att på sikt få ett mer jämlikt samhälle.</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p> </p><p>Since January 12009, Sweden has a new law of discrimination, which forbids discrimination, that relates to sex, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation or age. This is an approach, based on the law of discrimination, to find out what signals the law can send out. By analyzing the law and its intentions and by using crip theory and other norm theories, I want to conduct a theoretical discussion, whether there may be any latent consequences as a result of its composition. The crip theory is questioning the normality, arguing that the surroundings, and lack of adjustment of these, creates the non-abled bodies or traits and believe that we may change our view and move the boundaries of what we consider to be a normal human being by adjusting the environment. I want to examine whether this is something that could be used on all grounds of discrimination. By pointing out certain groups as different, the law has a stigmatizing effect and by eliminating the differences, an image of something that can be considered as normal is created. By giving disadvantaged groups greater opportunities at work and even out differences, makes it possible to eventually get a more equal society.</p>

Sammanfattning   Sedan 1 januari 2009 har vi en ny svensk diskrimineringslag, som förbjuder diskriminering, som har samband med av kön, könsöverskridande identitet eller uttryck, etnisk tillhörighet, funktionshinder, sexuell läggning eller ålder. Denna uppsats är en ansats att med diskrimineringslagen som utgångspunkt ta reda på vilka signaler lagen kan ge. Genom att analysera lagen och dess syften förs med hjälp av crip theory och andra normteorier en teoretisk diskussion om huruvida det kan finnas latenta konsekvenser som följd av dess utformning. Crip theory ifrågasätter normaliteten och hävdar att omgivningarna, och bristen på anpassning i dessa, skapar avvikelser samt menar att vi kan komma att förändra vår uppfattning och flytta gränserna för det som vi anser vara den normala människan genom att bättre anpassa miljön. Jag vill undersöka om crip theory går att applicera på samtliga diskrimineringsgrunder. Samtidigt som lagen skyddar utsatta grupper, så pekar den även ut dessa ut som avvikande. Det gör att lagen har en stigmatiserande effekt. Om avvikelserna utesluts så skapas en bild av något som kan betraktas som normalt. Genom att ge utsatta grupper bättre möjligheter i arbetslivet och utjämna skillnader så finns dock möjligheter att på sikt få ett mer jämlikt samhälle. / Abstract   Since January 1 2009, Sweden has a new law of discrimination, which forbids discrimination, that relates to sex, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation or age. This is an approach, based on the law of discrimination, to find out what signals the law can send out. By analyzing the law and its intentions and by using crip theory and other norm theories, I want to conduct a theoretical discussion, whether there may be any latent consequences as a result of its composition. The crip theory is questioning the normality, arguing that the surroundings, and lack of adjustment of these, creates the non-abled bodies or traits and believe that we may change our view and move the boundaries of what we consider to be a normal human being by adjusting the environment. I want to examine whether this is something that could be used on all grounds of discrimination. By pointing out certain groups as different, the law has a stigmatizing effect and by eliminating the differences, an image of something that can be considered as normal is created. By giving disadvantaged groups greater opportunities at work and even out differences, makes it possible to eventually get a more equal society.

Résumé de la thèse en français : En partant, d’un côté, d’une approche socio-historique de la construction de la catégorie de personnes dites « handicapées » en France, et de l’autre d’une étude de la naissance du mouvement et des théories queer dans le monde anglo-saxon, cette thèse a pour but de montrer comment le handicap peut aujourd’hui s’inscrire dans le queer. À l’aide de penseur-es, philosophes, sociologues ou même militant-es de divers horizons, ce travail cherche à élaborer les prémisses d’une pensée crip en France pour montrer les liens, mais aussi certains désaccords, entre une réflexion sur le handicap et son inscription dans des processus si chers au queer. Ainsi, il s’agit de monter notamment en quoi les personnes handicapées s’inscrivent dans un phénomène de retournement du stigmate et de revalorisation de l’abjection tel qu’il a pu être formulé par les personnes queer dont l’insulte désignait leur sexualité déviante. Les concepts queer de désidentification et de performativité peuvent également servir à repenser le handicap en permettant de comprendre, d’une part les fluctuations possibles de l’identité handicapée, et d’autre part l’aspect de mise en scène sociale qu’il peut y avoir dans l’appréhension de ce dernier. Pour finir, la notion foucaldienne reprise par J. Butler d’idéal régulateur permet une étude approfondie de la validité comme socialement construite / Starting from a socio-historical approach of the French constructed catagory "di-sabled"; followed on by a study of Queer Movements and Theories today, thinkers, philoso-phers, sociologists, and activists from various backgrounds have helped to develop this work. The premises of French Crip thaught are analysed through the links and certain disagree-ments between disability and it's inscription in Queer Theory. One of the most important goals of this thesis is to explain how disabled people take part in stigma reversal; as a reva-luing of abjection, formulated be Queer people who through back this insult, indicating their deviant sexuality. The Queer concepts of disidentification and performability can also help to rethink disability; by allowing the understanding of the possible fluctuations in disability iden-tity, including the aspects of social staging in disability. To conclude, the Foucauldian notion of the 'ideal regulator' taken up by Judith Butler allows an in depth study of able-bodiedness as socially constructed

Disabled communities’ sexualities have been historically oppressed. Currently in the Unites States, public school curricula do not include inclusive sexual education and students with disabilities are often left out of classrooms that discuss any amount of personal health and sexual education. Research on the disabled population is filled with samples of non-disabled individuals imposing their opinions for a population that they do not belong to. The purpose of this study was to understand how emerging adults with disabilities learned about personal health and sexuality. Individuals with varied disabilities were intentionally included to add breadth the research field. Narrative interviews captured individuals’ lived experiences. The final sample consisted of eight individuals (75% female, 87% white, mean age of 21.5). After analyzing interviews using thematic narrative analysis, four story types were generated. Findings highlighted the lack of formal supports and access to adequate, relevant information about sexuality for disabled communities, as well as informal sources of information, like families and media. Findings also emphasized people’s agency in seeking out information on their own, as well as variability in people’s readiness and use of information about sexuality. Individuals’ disability symptoms and personal characteristics need to be considered when crafting universally applicable personal health and sexuality education. There are also opportunities for theoretical integration of disabilities and sexuality research. / M.S. / People with disabilities have historically been left out of policy and research related to sexuality. Governments and societies around the world have taken personal health choices and sexual decisions away from disabled communities. Furthermore, people with disabilities are not taught about bodily changes, romantic relationships, and safer sex practices. I gathered stories of lived experiences of personal health and sexual education from people with different disabilities in order to present variation of experience. Participants shared their journeys learning about their own personal health and sexuality during their lifetimes; equally as important, participants reflected on the inadequacy and failure of formal and informal resources, like schools and medical providers. To provide accurate health and sexuality information that disabled communities can use, families, schools, and healthcare providers need to understand the experiences of people with disabilities and ways that disabilities and sexuality intersect.

Submitted by Drielly Teixeira Lopes Silveira (driellylopess@gmail.com) on 2018-07-30T05:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DDrielly_part1 (1).pdf: 1880333 bytes, checksum: 31028c6d7e1ebb39cf89aa52be3cd3af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Aparecida Matias null (alinematias@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-07-30T11:09:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_dtl_me_arafcl.pdf: 1880333 bytes, checksum: 31028c6d7e1ebb39cf89aa52be3cd3af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T11:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_dtl_me_arafcl.pdf: 1880333 bytes, checksum: 31028c6d7e1ebb39cf89aa52be3cd3af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-03 / A experiência transexual é uma temática de especial evidência no contexto acadêmico contemporâneo, sendo descrita como um fenômeno complexo, que pressupõe uma incompatibilidade entre gênero e sexo biológico. Por interrogar o modelo binário sexo/gênero, permite que se questione os discursos científicos envoltos em pressupostos de naturalização dos corpos. A deficiência, fora dos modelos reabilitativos, representaria per si um transgressão da “ordem anatômica”, ainda que seja reconhecida pelo modelo biomédico como o resultado de uma falha, congênita ou adquirida, que afetará o funcionamento “normal” do corpo ou de algumas de suas partes. A percepção de ambos os corpos recebe novos contornos quando de encontro à leitura de Judith Butler, para a qual, o lugar de patologização e abjeção conferido a estas experiências são resultado de práticas discursivas que estabelecem relações de poder que incidem sobre os corpos. Refletindo sobre as múltiplas possibilidades de experiências compreendidas a partir do feminino e considerando a posição de subalternidade conferida a esses corpos diante das normas hegemônicas, este trabalho se propõe a oportunizar um espaço de narrativa e análise para uma experiência pouco explorada academicamente: a experiência subjetiva de mulheres trans deficientes. Focalizando em especial os disability studies e suas possíveis interlocuções com a Teoria Queer como aporte teórico, foram realizadas entrevistas com três mulheres trans deficientes, sendo elas: duas portadoras de deficiência física e uma sensorial. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados do método de História Oral Temática (Meihy, 1996). As análises de narrativas foram organizadas conforme a metodologia de Análise Textual Discursiva, destacando as categorias que recebem destaque na fala, constituindo 3 eixos de análise: (1) O transito como transgressão: da dificuldade de locomoção ao gênero itinerante. (2) O olhar como fonte de escárnio, reconhecimento e desejo. (3) A mulher como poder. Esta pesquisa possui um caráter qualitativo e exploratório, e tem como pretensão, ampliar e fomentar novas produções e discussões relacionadas às noções de feminilidade, corpo e sexualidade a partir da subjetividade trans em interface com a deficiência. / The transsexual experience is a highlighted theme in the current academic context, being portrayed as a complex phenomenon, which presupposes an incompatibility between gender and biological sex. By questioning the binary sex/gender model, it is allowed to question the scientific speeches wrapped in body naturalization presumptions. Disability, out of rehabilitative model, would represent, per se, a transgressions of the “anatomic order”, even if recognized by the biomedical model as the result of a flaw, either congenital or acquired, that will affect the “normal” functioning of the body or of some of its parts. The perception of both bodies acquire new outlining when facing the reading of Judith Butler, for whom the place of pathologization and abjection conferred to these experiences are the result of speech practices that establish power relations that act upon the bodies. Reflecting upon the multiple possibilities of experiences, understood on the basis of feminine, and considering the subordinate position conferred to these bodies in the face of the hegemonic rules, this work aims to create a space of narrative and analysis for an experience that has been little explored academically: the subjective experience of disabled trans women. Focusing, specially, on the disability studies and its possible interlocutions with the Queer theory as theoretical basis, interviews with three disabled trans women were made, being them: two physically disabled women and a sensorial disabled one. For data collection, we made use of the Thematic Oral History method (Meihy, 1996).The analyses of the narratives were organized according to the Discursive Textual Analysis, highlighting the categories that are prominent in the speech, constituting 3 analysis axes: (1) Transit as transgression: from walking difficulties to the itinerant genre. (2) The eyes as a source of scorn, recognition, and desire. (3) The woman as power. This research has a qualitative and exploratory nature, intending to expand and foment new works and discussions regarding the notions of femininity and sexuality from the interface between transgender subjectivity and disability

Följande uppsats baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex LSS-handläggare inom Försäkringskassan och på kommunal nivå med syfte att undersöka sexualitetens utrymme och uttryck inom myndighetsutövningen kring LSS och personlig assistans. Genom ett crip- och queerteoretiskt ramverk undersöker jag på vilka premisser assistansanvändares sexuella liv och subjektsskapande tas i beaktning och kan främjas inom LSS- utredningarna. Empirin visar att sexualitetens utrymme inom dessa utredningar är mycket begränsat, sett till både lagstiftningens utformning, innehållet i myndigheternas vägledande dokument och efterfrågan från individer att ta dessa frågor i beaktning. Handläggarna betraktar således sexualitetens utrymme inom LSS som en icke-fråga, trots att tidigare forskning visar på att det råder ett strukturellt förtryck där sexualiteten hos personer med normbrytande funktionalitet osynliggörs. Utrymmet begränsas vidare genom att om sexualiteten hos personer med normbrytande funktionsvariationer väl ska göras någorlunda begriplig så begränsas den till en heteronormativ och kognitivt normfungerande kontext. Handläggarna målar upp en bild av en sexuell hierarki där den sexualiteten hos personer med funktionsvariationer som är privat, heteronormativ och kognitivt medveten placeras högst upp, medan den som är offentlig, icke-heteronormativ och kognitivt funktionsvarierad placeras nederst. Den funktionsvarierade sexualitetens existens och möjligheter till att främjas sker således på helt andra premisser än den funktionsfullkomliges.

This dissertation develops a constructive theological interpretation of the Body of Christ metaphor in order to provide a distinct understanding of Christian identity to assist Christians in responding to religious diversity. Presently, two academic approaches guide contemporary Christian theological responses to religious pluralism: theology of religions and comparative theology. They offer resources and insights into Christian responses, but questions remain regarding the relationship of Christian identity to contexts of religious diversity. Revitalizing the Body of Christ metaphor through engagement with contemporary theologians, this dissertation interprets their insights about alterity and embodiment regarding religious difference. Focusing on concepts of embodiment, relationality, diversity and praxis, the Christian identity that emerges is neither exclusive nor contained, but open and interdependent. This provides a framing of Christian identity that assists Christians in relating to religious diversity with openness. Chapter one surveys contemporary approaches that have guided the Christian theological response to religious diversity. Turning to the Body of Christ metaphor in the New Testament writings of Paul, chapter two demonstrates the original power of the metaphor to shape the values and worldview of early Jesus-followers. Chapters three and four explore womanist, feminist, queer, and crip theologies for critiques and contributions to the theological significance of bodies. Offering warnings about the failure to attend to the realities of difference, they offer essential theological insights into conceptions of bodies, hierarchy, and difference. The content they provide for the Body of Christ metaphor shapes Christian self-understanding in a manner that opens the Christian community as it engages other religious bodies. The final chapter provides a constructive interpretation of the Body of Christ and points to distinctive practices that guide the Christian community into a new embodiment of this metaphor. The identity provided by the metaphor shapes Christian relationships with each other and the world through practices of discernment, re-membering, and partnership. It challenges Christians to value fluidity and porousness, putting them in tension with dominant conceptions of Western society, and, through relationality and appreciation for the other, it calls Christians to engage religious diversity with actions of social justice.

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This thesis aims to investigate possible positions of identification for people with dis/abilities. With a theoretical basis in crip-theory it discusses the notions of power and deviance and its’ importance for the formation and reproduction of ideas around the concepts of dis/ability, ableism, deviancy and normality.

Denna studie är gjord för att skapa kunskap om hur karaktärer med funktionsnedsättning skildras i bilderböcker. Förhoppningar med studien är att visa på viktiga aspekter, men även vikten av att läsa denna genre i förskolan. Som metod har en kvalitativ analys av bild och text använts och som teoretiskt ramverk har studien utgått från crip theory. Resultatet visar att böckerna har funktionsnedsättningen som en central roll i böckernas handling, berättelserna hade inte varit desamma utan karaktärernas funktionsnedsättningar. I de flesta av böckerna skildras karaktärerna med funktionsnedsättning som annorlunda och normbrytande. I vissa fall begränsar funktionsnedsättningen de olika karaktärerna att klara av vissa saker i sin vardag. Flera av böckerna visade inte på någon social gemenskap för karaktärerna med funktionsnedsättning mer än kontakt med familjemedlemmar, då handlingen i de fallen utspelade sig i deras hem. I hemmen var karaktärerna däremot accepterade på ett helt annat sätt än när handlingen utspelar sig utanför hemmet. Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur normkritiska ämnen framställs i barnlitteratur och vad man som läsare kan möta i denna genre. Slutsatsen man kan dra av studien är vikten av att granska de böcker man väljer att läsa i förskolan, där man vill skapa inkludering och inte förstärka eventuellt utanförskap. / This study is done to create knowledge about how characters with disabilities are portrayed in picture books. The hope of the study is to show important  aspects of this genre, but also a importance of reading it in preschool. A qualitative analysis of pictures and texts have been used as a method, and the study has been based on crip theory as a theoretical framework.   The result shows that the story of the books has disability as a central role, and it would not have been the same without the characters’ disabilities. In most of the books, the characters with disabilities are portrayed as different and normbreaking. In some cases, the disability limits the characters ability to cope with certain things in their everyday life. Several books do not show any social community for the disabled characters other than with family as the action in those cases take place in their homes. The characters are accepted in a completely different way in their homes, unlike when the action takes place outside the home.   The study contributes knowledge about how norm-critical topics are presented in children’s literature and what readers can encounter in this genre. One conclusion to be drawn from the study is the importance of reviewing books chosen to be read in preschool, wanting to create inclusion and not reinforcing possible exclusion.