This study has as main purpose to evaluate the influence of different color profiles on the cultivation related to temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution in the growing of rocket over two growing seasons in hydroponic system NFT. The experiment was conducted in the period of April to August 2012, in protected ambient counting with three production benches each comprised of eight profiles for the conduct of the plants evaluated, having four black and four white painted with plastic paint. The two colors of profile were arranged alternately and, to surround effect, a profile was installed on each edge of the bench. During the experiment, the temperature was recorded and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution in the profiles three times per day, at 9:00, 15:00 and 21:00. In each reading recorded the temperature and concentration of oxygen at the beginning and end of two profiles of each color. For growth analysis, assessments were performed every four days in two growing seasons, autumn and winter, and the variables were evaluated: leaf dry matter, stem dry mass and root dry mass; plant height; root length; number of leaves and leaf area index. The results were analyzed separately and show that the different colors and profile stations modify the temperature and oxygen concentration of the nutrient solution. The black color profile increased the temperature of the circulating nutrient solution. Changes in temperature affected the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution. The different colors and seasons interfered with the growth of rocket. Plants grown in white profile showed higher leaf dry matter, stem dry mass and root dry mass, as well as increased root length and increased leaf area index. / O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes cores de perfis de cultivo sobre a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na solução nutritiva no cultivo de rúcula ao longo de duas estações de cultivo em sistema hidropônico NFT. O experimento foi realizado no período de abril a agosto de 2012, em ambiente protegido contando com três bancadas de produção cada qual composta por oito perfis para a condução das plantas avaliadas sendo, quatro de cor preta e quatro pintados com tinta plástica branca. As duas cores de perfil foram dispostas alternadamente e, para efeito de bordadura foi instalado um perfil em cada borda da bancada. Durante a condução do experimento, foi registrada a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na solução nutritiva nos perfis três vezes por dia, sendo às 9:00h, 15:00h e 21:00h. Em cada leitura registrava-se a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio no início e final de dois perfis de cada cor. Para a análise de crescimento, as avaliações foram realizadas a cada quatro dias em duas estações de cultivo, outono e inverno, e as variáveis avaliadas foram: massa de folha seca, massa de caule seco e massa de raiz seca; altura de planta; comprimento de raiz; número de folhas e índice de área foliar. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados separadamente e demonstram que as diferentes cores de perfil e estações do ano modificaram a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio da solução nutritiva. A cor preta do perfil aumentou temperatura da solução nutritiva circulante. Mudanças na temperatura influenciaram na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na solução nutritiva. As diferentes cores de perfil e estações do ano interferiram no crescimento da rúcula. As plantas cultivadas no perfil branco apresentaram maior massa de folha seca, massa de caule seco e massa de raiz seca, bem como maior comprimento de raiz e maior índice de área foliar.

Abstract The aim of this work was to assess and improve the enrichment cultivation of food-contaminating bacteria prior to detection by means of RNA-based sandwich hybridization assay (SHA). The examples of beer-spoiling lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium were selected based on their relevance in Finnish food industry. Also universal challenges affecting on the selection of the enrichment cultivation procedure are discussed, including some potential possibilities for improved enrichment cultivation. The results of this study may therefore be used for the assessment of the efficiency of bacterial cultivation in other applications. The evaluation of the enrichment cultivation procedures prior to SHA lead to following conclusions: i) the enrichment cultivation procedure is necessary prior to rRNA-based SHA, and it directly influences the accuracy of SHA; ii) the improvement of the enrichment cultivation may allow faster recovery and growth of bacteria; iii) the improved recovery of bacteria can be achieved by reducing environmental stress factors in the enrichment culture; and iv) the growth of bacteria may be accelerated by assuring the selectivity of medium and allowing accessibility to growth factors. Several growth factors were studied by means of full factorial design and response surface modeling. Measured cell densities, as well as predicted lag-times and maximum growth rates in the bacterial cultures were used as responses. The results show that small shifts in the cultivation conditions extend the lag-time and decrease the growth rate of both LAB and Salmonella. Besides adjusting the temperature and pH, the growth of LAB was facilitated by reducing osmotic and oxidative stresses in the enrichment medium. In this study, a novel enzyme controlled glucose delivery system was used for the first time in the enrichment cultivation of food-contaminating bacteria. The glucose delivery system improved the growth of LAB in single strain cultures and in actual brewing process samples. The recovery of injured Salmonella was also enhanced by using the glucose delivery system together with selective siderophore ferrioxamine E, both in terms of reduced lag-times and increased growth rates. Based on the SHA, the adjusted BPW broth enhanced the molecular detection of heat-injured Salmonella in meat.

This thesis investigates southern China as a part of dynamic and extensive interregional networks from the third to the first millennium BC and explores the changing roles of different southern regions within the interregional relationships. This was an important transitional period for southern China as it was the time when several prominent and farreaching innovations of technologies and material culture were made or adopted in the area. Four key sets of materials – rice, bronze, ceramics and jade – are examined with a World-system perspective to reveal interregional contacts in different directions and of different nature between southern China and a number of neighbouring regions. By stressing on local responses towards different technologies and material culture in different period, an alternative narrative to that stemmed from Chinese historiography is, therefore, suggested. Instead of being a passive and 'backward' periphery in the traditional sense, southern China presents diversification of material culture over time. Many of the mechanisms of transmission and circulation in the south are characterised by 'leaked' technologies and designs, as well as 'selective adoption' and local redevelopment of material culture.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / South African adolescents are engaging in sexual activities at an early age and with numerous sexual partners. Various factors such as adolescent physiology, identity development, peer influences and parent-child relationship, play a contributory role in this aspect. However, one of the less explored factors is the role of exposure to information and communication technologies containing sexual content, such as television, internet, music videos and cell phones. Adolescents have been shown to be heavy consumers of these devices. The study aimed at exploring the extent with which sexual content from these digital devices influences adolescents’ sexual perceptions and sexual behaviours. Participants comprised of 18 Grade 10 and Grade 11 learners, between ages 14 to 16 years, conveniently selected from one of the high schools in the Cape Peninsula. Two focus groups were conducted with an equal distribution of males and females in each group. Thematic analysis was utilized to describe participants’ experiences as reported in the text. Results indicated that participants regard ICT as influencing sexual attitudes and behaviour. More specifically, they believed ICT contributes greatly to early sexual initiation. Whilst some participants suggested that ICT encourages them to have many sexual partners with a “certain” physical image, some participants regarded this as irrelevant, viewing it as an individual’s choice. It was also found that participants viewed ICT’s unsafe sexual practices as not impacting in their use of contraceptives, hence they would not imitate such behaviour. Moreover, some participants viewed ICT as impacting on the manner in which they express themselves sexually, whilst others regarded this as untrue since they decide which sexual activities to engage in. The study addressed paucity of information regarding ICT and adolescent sexuality. To be more specific, it is recommended that future investigations should focus on a particular technology such as cell phones and the internet. Research should also focus on a specific domain regarding adolescent sexual attitudes, for example attitudes towards sexual initiation or the use of contraceptives.

Neisseria meningitidis B libera vesículas de membrana externa, conhecidas pela sigla OMV. Essas possuem os mesmos componentes da membrana externa da bactéria e podem ser utilizadas como antígenos em vacinas contra a meningite B. As vesículas devem, também, expressar proteínas da membrana externa (OMP) e proteínas reguladoras do íon ferro (IRP). O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a cinética de crescimento bacteriano, consumo das fontes de carbono e nitrogênio - especialmente os limitantes de crescimento ? e produção de OMV visando melhorar a produção desse antígeno. Realizaram-se cultivos descontínuos em biorreator, com duração de 20 h, empregando meio de Catlin com limitação de ferro e modificações nas concentrações de lactato, aminoácidos e glicerol. As condições do cultivo foram: 4,2 L de meio, temperatura de 36°C, pressão de 0,5 atm, vazão de ar 1 L/min, agitação entre 250-850 rpm, controle de oxigênio dissolvido em 10% de saturação. Constatou-se que o lactato é a principal fonte de carbono limitante, embora somente se tem a hipótese de que o glicerol age como protetor mecânico. O ácido L-glutâmico é a principal fonte de nitrogênio consumida durante o cultivo. As OMV começaram a ser liberadas quantitativamente no início da fase estacionária de crescimento. Sendo que a melhor condição para a produção de OMV, valor 162,3 mg/L, é aquela em que as concentrações iniciais de lactato e aminoácidos foram duplicadas, 15,00 g/L e 2,93 g/L respectivamente. Através da análise do padrão eletroforético, confirmou-se a presença das principais proteínas de superfície, inclusive das IRPs. A integridade da OMV foi constatada por microscopia eletrônica. Assim, o antígeno obtido mostra-se passível de utilização na composição de vacina anti-meningocócica. / Neisseria meningitidis B liberates outer membrane vesicles known by the abbreviation OMV. These vesicles have the same components of the outer membrane of the bacteria and may be used as antigens in vaccines against meningitis B. The vesicles must also express outer membrane proteins (OMP) and iron regulated proteins (IRP). The aim of this paper is to study bacterial growth kinetics, carbon and nitrogen sources consumption ? specially those which limit growth ? and OMV production, seeking to improve the production of this antigen. Discontinuous bioreactor cultivations were carried out for a period of 20 hours in Catlin medium with iron restriction and modifications in lactate, amino acid, and glycerol concentrations. Cultivation conditions were: 4,2 L of medium, temperature at 36ºC, 0,5 atm, air flow rate of 1 L/min, agitation between 250-850 rpm, and dissolved oxygen control at 10% of saturation. It was verified that lactate is the main limiting carbon source, although there is just a hypothesis that glycerol acts as a mechanic protector. The L-glutamic acid is the main source of nitrogen consumed during the cultivation. The OMV started to be liberated quantitatively at the beginning of the stationary phase of growth. The best condition for production of OMV, value 162,3 mg/L, is that where the initial concentrations of lactate and amino acids were duplicated, 15,00 g/L and 2,93 g/L, respectively. Through an analysis of the electroforetic pattern, the presence of the main surface proteins was confirmed, including the IRPs. The integrity of the OMV was testified by electronic microscopy. So, the antigen thus obtained may be used in the antimeningococcal vaccine composition.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Neimar.pdf: 96818 bytes, checksum: f22a08bfb199ff94007184b5d4e43964 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-28 / The aim of this work was the evaluation of production and quality of Tanzânia grass as a function of height of cut and nitrogen feeding during three cycles of cultivation. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse at UNOESTE in Presidente Prudente-SP during the period of April to October 2007. The design was random blocks with ten treatments arranged in a factorial scheme of five nitrogen doses (0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 kg ha-1) and two cutting height (20 e 40 cm). Nitrogen was applied in the cultivation cycle. The highest production of dry matter was at 20 cm of height, during the three cycles. In this cutting height dry matter was not reached by any nitrogen dose. At 40 cm the highest dry matter was reached by the high nitrogen dose. In the first cycle of cutting, nitrogen improved the number of culms at 20 and 40cm of height. In the second cycle only the height of 20cm was influenced by nitrogen doses and in the third only the 40cm cutting was influenced by the nitrogen. PB tenor was influenced by nitrogen just in the first cycle of cutting at 20 cm of height. / O trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção e a qualidade do capim Tanzânia em razão da altura de corte e adubação nitrogenada, manejada por três ciclos de cultivo. O experimento foi instalado na Casa de Vegetação da Unoeste, em Presidente Prudente-SP, durante os meses de abril/2007 a outubro/2007. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 10 tratamentos distribuídos num esquema fatorial (5x2), cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 kg ha-1) e duas alturas de cortes (20 e 40 cm). O nitrogênio foi aplicado por ciclo de cultivo. A maior produção de matéria seca foi obtida a 20 cm, nos três ciclos de cultivos. No corte a 20 cm a maior produção de matéria seca não foi alcançada com as maiores doses de nitrogênio. No corte a 40 cm a maior produção foi atingida com a maior dose de nitrogênio. No primeiro ciclo o nitrogênio aumentou o perfilhamento na altura de corte a 20 e a 40 cm. No segundo ciclo somente o corte a 20 cm sofreu influência do N e no terceiro ciclo apenas o corte a 40 cm sofreu influência. O teor de PB foi influenciado pelo nitrogênio no primeiro ciclo na altura de corte a 20 cm.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Neimar.pdf: 96818 bytes, checksum: f22a08bfb199ff94007184b5d4e43964 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-28 / The aim of this work was the evaluation of production and quality of Tanzânia grass as a function of height of cut and nitrogen feeding during three cycles of cultivation. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse at UNOESTE in Presidente Prudente-SP during the period of April to October 2007. The design was random blocks with ten treatments arranged in a factorial scheme of five nitrogen doses (0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 kg ha-1) and two cutting height (20 e 40 cm). Nitrogen was applied in the cultivation cycle. The highest production of dry matter was at 20 cm of height, during the three cycles. In this cutting height dry matter was not reached by any nitrogen dose. At 40 cm the highest dry matter was reached by the high nitrogen dose. In the first cycle of cutting, nitrogen improved the number of culms at 20 and 40cm of height. In the second cycle only the height of 20cm was influenced by nitrogen doses and in the third only the 40cm cutting was influenced by the nitrogen. PB tenor was influenced by nitrogen just in the first cycle of cutting at 20 cm of height. / O trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção e a qualidade do capim Tanzânia em razão da altura de corte e adubação nitrogenada, manejada por três ciclos de cultivo. O experimento foi instalado na Casa de Vegetação da Unoeste, em Presidente Prudente-SP, durante os meses de abril/2007 a outubro/2007. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 10 tratamentos distribuídos num esquema fatorial (5x2), cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 kg ha-1) e duas alturas de cortes (20 e 40 cm). O nitrogênio foi aplicado por ciclo de cultivo. A maior produção de matéria seca foi obtida a 20 cm, nos três ciclos de cultivos. No corte a 20 cm a maior produção de matéria seca não foi alcançada com as maiores doses de nitrogênio. No corte a 40 cm a maior produção foi atingida com a maior dose de nitrogênio. No primeiro ciclo o nitrogênio aumentou o perfilhamento na altura de corte a 20 e a 40 cm. No segundo ciclo somente o corte a 20 cm sofreu influência do N e no terceiro ciclo apenas o corte a 40 cm sofreu influência. O teor de PB foi influenciado pelo nitrogênio no primeiro ciclo na altura de corte a 20 cm.

Estudou-se a influência do fosfato na multiplicação de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em uma fermentação contínua em mini-fermentador. Determinou-se a massa seca, a concentração dos substratos, a velocidade específica de consumo dos substratos, a velocidade específica de formação de gás carbônico, velocidade específica de consumo de oxigênio e o quociente respiratório bem como, o fósforo intracelular em diversas vazões específicas de alimentação, em cultivo contínuo de levedura de panificação, em condições de substratos limitantes. Controlando-se a quantidade de fosfato no meio de alimentação de tal modo que o fosfato residual no meio de fermentação mal pudesse ser detectado, o valor da vazão específica de alimentação crítica era aparentemente aumentado de 0,23 h-1 para 0,32 h-1. Isto sugere uma possível influência do fosfato nas funções anaeróbicas e aeróbicas da levedura de panificação. / The influence of phosphate in a continuous culture was studied using mini-fermentor on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae multiplication. Dry matter, substrate concentration, specific substrate comsumption, specific carbon dioxide release, specific oxygen uptake rates and respiration quotient , as well as phosphorous content of the cells were measured in dependence on the dilutionrate. In continuous culture glicose-limited, of baker\'s yeast if the supply of phosphorous were restricted to a extent that residual phosphate in the medium could hardly be observed, the value of critical dilution rate was apparently enhanced from 0,23 h-1 to 0,32 h-1. This observation suggests a possible mediation by phosphate between anaerobic and aerobic functions of the baker\'s yeast.

Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-10-29T13:01:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE BRAND?O PIRES SOARES - DISSERTA??O.pdf: 10148513 bytes, checksum: 4aced6aaf4e996e4bc7f0a25bf31c9df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-29T13:01:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE BRAND?O PIRES SOARES - DISSERTA??O.pdf: 10148513 bytes, checksum: 4aced6aaf4e996e4bc7f0a25bf31c9df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP / The aim of this work was to study the phenomenon of facilitation in the establishment and development of populations of Lemna aequinoctialis Welw .. through the computer model in NetLogo. For both crops were carried out ex situ to establish parameters and variables to be used in developing the model, and study the phenomenon of facilitation between individuals. With the computational model, we sought to test the ideal inoculum for this facilitation in non-axenic. The experiments were performed in pond water and autoclaved without autoclaving in solution Pirson & Siedel, and various concentrations of citrate Lead. Each week to count the number of individuals sprouted. The results were organized in spreadsheet and produced curves were adjusted in the regression model. A comparison of the results was evaluated from the t test with a confidence level of 5%. The results showed that the cultivation lead promotes increased growth rate of Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. That an individual can stay alive up to 70 days in medium without resetting, and that there is facilitation between individuals of the same species for their development in contaminated environments, so there is a minimum amount by which the colonies are established. The computational model describes the behavior of Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. a simulated environment with and without contamination by microorganisms. The hypothesis of facilitation was studied and showed that a single frond of Lemna in non-axenic not developed, two individuals can develop, and the minimum to ensure the establishment and growth is four individuals. / O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estudar o fen?meno da facilita??o no estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de popula??es de Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.. atrav?s do modelo computacional em NetLogo. Para tanto foram realizados cultivos ex situ para estabelecer par?metros e vari?veis para serem utilizados na elabora??o do modelo, e estudar o fen?meno da facilita??o entre os indiv?duos. Com o modelo computacional, buscou-se testar o in?culo ideal para esta facilita??o em ambientes n?o-ax?nicos. Os experimentos foram realizados em ?gua da lagoa autoclavada e sem autoclavar, em solu??o de Pirson & Siedel, e em v?rias concentra??es de Citrato de Chumbo. Em cada semana foi contado o n?mero de indiv?duos brotados. Os resultados foram organizados em planilha eletr?nica e foram produzidas curvas ajustadas segundo modelo de regress?o. A compara??o entre os resultados foi avaliada a partir do teste t com n?vel de confian?a de 5%. Os resultados do cultivo mostraram que o chumbo favorece o aumento da taxa de crescimento de Lemna aequinoctialis Welw., que um indiv?duo pode permanecer vivo at? 70 dias num meio sem a reposi??o , e que existe facilita??o entre os indiv?duos da mesma esp?cies para o seu desenvolvimento em ambientes contaminados, existindo assim um valor m?nimo pelo qual as col?nias se estabelecem. O modelo computacional descreve o comportamento da Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. num ambiente simulado com e sem a contamina??o por microorganismo. A hip?tese de facilita??o foi estudada e mostrou que um ?nico indiv?duo em ambiente n?o-ax?nico n?o se desenvolve, dois indiv?duos podem se desenvolver, e o valor m?nimo para se garantir o estabelecimento e crescimento ? quatro indiv?duos.

Norrbotten är ett län med stora ytor och en liten befolkning. Regionen är dock långt ifrån att vara självförsörjande på livsmedel. Detta beror till stor del på det karga klimatet som inte tillåter god skörd av många stapelvaror. Detta förvärras av att det finns ett ointresse att producera livsmedel hos befolkningen i övrigt. För att ändå kunna föda befolkningen måste hundratusentals ton livsmedel importeras varje år, inte bara från övriga Sverige utan också resten av Europa och världen. Samtidigt finns det många stora industrier i länet och nästan varje större tätort har ett fjärrvärmesystem. Dessa anläggningar producerar stora mängder restvärme som till viss del tas tillvara på, men mycket går till spillo. I Luleå Energis fall är nästan all fjärrvärme producerad av restgaser från SSABs ståltillverkning, vilket innebär att värmen redan är en form av restenergi. Luleå Energi har en ambition att bidra till att restvärme nyttjas ytterligare i samhället än den redan görs, en idé är att använda den till odling. Under hösten 2019 utfördes ett examensarbete på Luleå Energi, där designen för en lämplig odlingsenhet togs fram. Det är från denna odlingsenhet som detta examensarbete tar avstamp. Energiberäkningar och diskussion med sakkunniga visar att det är möjligt att nyttja lågvärdig värme till odlingsenheten. Det kräver heller inte några komplicerade värmekomponenter för att uppnå en god uppvärmning. Implementering av returvärmebaserad uppvärmning i en odlingsenhet som ställs upp centralt i Luleå tätort hoppas väcka intresse hos befolkningen till odling, men även nyttjande av restvärme då odlingsenheten tar sin värme från fjärrvärmereturen. Odlingsenheten är alltså ämnad att tackla två problem med livsmedelsförsörjningen, dels ointresset samt det karga klimatet. En livscykelanalys visar att odlingsenheten även är hållbar på andra sätt, då den kräver mindre resurser och kortare transportsträckor, däremot är koldioxidutsläppen något högre. Effekten av att odlingsenhetens nyttjande av fjärrvärmereturen skulle sänka dess temperatur var dock försumbar om inte tusentals odlingsenheter utplaceras. / Norrbotten county has a small population but a large area, however it is far from being self-sufficient on food. This is in big part due to the rugged and cold climate, which prevents ample harvest of many staple foods. Food production is exacerbated by disinterest by the population at large. To still have enough, hundreds of thousands of tonnes of food is imported from the rest of Sweden, Europe and the world. At the same time, there are quite a few large industries in the county, and almost every large town has their own district heating network. These facilities produce enormous amounts of residual heat, some of this heat is made use of but alot also goes to waste. The heat in Luleå Energi's district heating network is mainly produced by residual gases from steel production at SSAB, therefore the heat is already a form of residue. Luleå Energi has an ambition to contribute to a much wider use of residual heat in society, one idea is to use it for cultivation. During the fall of 2019, a master thesis handling the design of a suitable cultivation unit was presented. From that thesis, this work has its basis. Litterature study, energy calculations, and discussion with experts show that it is possible to use residual heat for this cultivation unit. Using this heat also does not require any complicated heating system to get a good effect. Implementation of residual-based heating in a cultivation unit placed in central Luleå is hoped to awaken interest within the population for cultivation, but also interest in use of residual heat, as the cultivation unit uses heat from the return flow from the district heating network. The cultivation is as such meant to combat two problems regarding food production, both the disinterest and the climate. A life cycle analysis also show that the cultivation unit is sustainable in other ways, as it requires less resources and less transport, however the carbon emissions are somewhat higher. The presumed effect that the cultivation units use of the return flow would lower its temperature, was negligible however, unless thousands of cultivation units would be placed.