Social conflict is common in many nations around the world. Tensions often arise from cultural misunderstandings and disagreements over national and group membership in multicultural populations. France offers a particularly clear example of such unrest. As a contemporary multi-ethnic, multicultural nation, France advocates both the belief in universal human rights as well as assimilationist policies designed to create a singular majority culture. North African immigrants and Pied-Noir repatriates are two groups at the center of recent debate in France. Both have historical ties to colonial French North Africa, but now reside within the modern French state. Each offers a unique case study of alternative strategies related to cultural negotiation and social tension as both groups currently demand recognition as French citizens and minorities. This dissertation analyses how North African and Pied-Noir minority communities in France engage discourses of history, culture, and identity to create a hospitable place for themselves in the French nation by redefining themselves both as minorities and as active citizens. One primary mechanism through which these groups achieve these goals is cultural associations, or social clubs. Cultural associations were legalized in 1901 and have not yet found a well-established role in France. Minorities use this institutional fluidity to develop concurrently their national and minority identities. Within such associations, they develop performances for both minority and outside audiences, engage contemporary French understandings of "culture," and acquire attention and resources needed to enact social change. One of the recurring tropes in such performances is the display of minority history and the role minorities play in French history. Through analysis of such activities this dissertation argues that these groups create new conceptions of national membership through their assertion of their right to be members in the French nation while retaining their cultural difference.

Despite a high degree of individualism, associationism is extensive in Sweden, and it is said to have contributed to the democratization of Swedish society. Cultural associations constitute a significant part of the cultural range. In recent years, however, alarming reports of reduced involvement and membership numbers have been announced. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively investigate how cultural associations in Karlstad's municipality relate to general social development with a reduced membership flow in the associationism. The survey was conducted through semi-structured interviews with persons who have a trust assignment or some other relationship with cultural associations in Karlstad. The result was analyzed by content analysis. The survey shows a consistent view that there is a problem about either the commitment or the number of members and that the situation has changed over time, but also that the complexity of differences between different cultural associations makes it impossible to draw a general conclusion about the cultural associations as a unit. Generally, people with trust assignments in cultural associations experience the cultural associations standing stable. Some associations decrease in size or disappear, while others start or expand their activities. Persons with trust assignments within and in relation to cultural associations, holds a consistent view of the importance of associations for the rest of society, as they are considered important for democracy.

Au cours des dernières décennies, le Canada a été un pays très attrayant pour les immigrants de la Bulgarie. La communauté bulgare a représenté 6 025 personnes dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal en 2006. Les nouveaux immigrants acquièrent généralement la langue de leur pays d'adoption et rencontrent de nouvelles pratiques culturelles. Ils intègrent de nombreuses valeurs souvent différentes de celles de leur pays d'origine. Un de leur défi demeure, dans ce contexte, de garder un lien avec leur origine et de transmettre ce lien aux générations suivantes. Bulgare d’origine et née à Montréal, cela fait naître chez moi des questionnements et des réflexions sur la pratique de la musique et des danses bulgares dans ma communauté, notamment sur la survie et l’adaptation des traditions musicales et la manière dont elles sont véhiculées entre les générations et comment elles sont représentées pour le public montréalais. Dans cette recherche, nous aborderons le sujet du transfert et de l'adaptation de la musique et des danses traditionnelles au sein de la communauté bulgare de Montréal, en particulier dans les associations, le contexte scolaire, les familles et les musiciens, ainsi qu'avec les danseurs amateurs et professionnels. À partir des observations et des entrevues effectuées au cours de cette étude, nous visons modestement à faire un état des lieux et à comprendre les processus qui sont à l’œuvre, notamment les processus de sélection/d’adaptation opérés tant au niveau des instruments, de la danse, du répertoire utilisé que des styles de jeu, ainsi que des raisons et des motivations qui sous-tendent ces choix. Il peut, en effet, y avoir des raisons esthétiques, mais également identitaires, liées au mode de représentation de soi dans un contexte multiculturel et ouvert à la diversité. De même, nous nous pencherons sur la pratique, les méthodes de transmission et de valorisation du patrimoine musical bulgare à l’intérieur ainsi que dans des contextes qui ne sont pas destinés uniquement à la communauté bulgaro-montréalaise. / Over the last several decades, Canada has been a highly desired country for immigrants from Bulgaria. The Bulgarian community numbered 6,025 people in the Montreal metropolitan area in 2006. New immigrants generally acquire the language of their adopted country and encounter new cultural practices. They incorporate many values that are often different from those of their country of origin. In this context, one of their challenges is to stay connected to their culture and to pass this connection to future generations. As a Bulgarian by origin and born in Montreal, this context brings to my mind questions and reflections on the practices of Bulgarian music and dances in my community, specifically, the survival and adaptation of our musical traditions and the ways in which they are shared among the community members as well as with the Montreal public. In this research, we will address the subject of transfer and adaptation of traditional music and dances within the Bulgarian community in Montreal, specifically, in associations, school context, families and musicians as well as with amateur and professional dancers. We aim to explore and describe the mechanism of selection of the processes at the instrumental, dance and song level, the repertoire, and styles of playing, as well as the reasons and motivations of these choices. The latter could be aesthetically motivated, but also identity based, related to the mode of representation of oneself in a multicultural context open to diversity. Through the method of observation and interviews, we will focus on the significance of Bulgarian traditional music and dance among the members of Bulgarian immigrant community in Montreal, Quebec. Likewise, we will examine the various contexts related to teaching, sharing and practice of Bulgarian traditional music and dance.

Esta pesquisa explora a atuação dos arquitetos no Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1925 e 1935, por meio do exame de alguns espaços profissionais que eles ocuparam, abriram e estabilizaram neste período de intensa modernização urbana e de reestruturação dos quadros político e cultural, nos âmbitos federal e municipal. Os assuntos apresentados foram divididos em três eixos temáticos, correspondentes aos capítulos. O primeiro aborda temas preponderantemente políticos: as disputas com engenheiros na definição de competências, a criação das primeiras associações de classe, a luta pela regulamentação profissional e por transformações no ensino, o interesse crescente pela questão da habitação econômica, as querelas no campo do urbanismo e as possibilidades de trabalho no funcionalismo público. A segunda parte trata da movimentação da seara cultural, na qual destacamos o entusiasmo da imprensa de arquitetura e o comparecimento da arquitetura na imprensa diária, a proximidade dos arquitetos com artistas e suas associações, a realização de exposições de arquitetura. O terceiro investe em tópicos econômicos: o debate sobre o arranha-céu, as imagens metropolitanas pensadas por esses profissionais e a realidade da verticalização de duas diferentes áreas da cidade, Centro e Copacabana; este último, o bairro eminentemente moderno, objeto de altos investimentos imobiliários nos quais os arquitetos estavam inseridos. / This research explores the performance of the architects of Rio de Janeiro between 1925 and 1935 through the examination of some of the professional niches they occupied, expanded, and consolidated during this period of intense urban modernization and restructuring of the political and cultural scenes, both at federal and local levels. The issues presented were divided into three thematic axes, which correspond to the chapters developed. The first one encompasses predominantly political themes: the disputes between architects and engineers in order to define each ones competences, the creation of the first professional organizations, the struggle for professional regulation and transformations in the teaching activity, the rising interest in the social housing agenda, the discussions held at the urban planning field, and the emerging work opportunities at the public sector. The second chapter is about the dynamics of the cultural scene, described by the enthusiasm of the architectural press, the presence of architecture in the daily media, the close relationship between architects, artists and their organizations, and the happening of architecture expositions. The third chapter focuses in economic topics: the skyscrapers debate, the metropolitan images thought by these professionals, and the vertical development of two different areas of the city, the Center and Copacabana, this last one being the most modern neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, target of high real estate investments in which architects were involved.

Esta pesquisa explora a atuação dos arquitetos no Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1925 e 1935, por meio do exame de alguns espaços profissionais que eles ocuparam, abriram e estabilizaram neste período de intensa modernização urbana e de reestruturação dos quadros político e cultural, nos âmbitos federal e municipal. Os assuntos apresentados foram divididos em três eixos temáticos, correspondentes aos capítulos. O primeiro aborda temas preponderantemente políticos: as disputas com engenheiros na definição de competências, a criação das primeiras associações de classe, a luta pela regulamentação profissional e por transformações no ensino, o interesse crescente pela questão da habitação econômica, as querelas no campo do urbanismo e as possibilidades de trabalho no funcionalismo público. A segunda parte trata da movimentação da seara cultural, na qual destacamos o entusiasmo da imprensa de arquitetura e o comparecimento da arquitetura na imprensa diária, a proximidade dos arquitetos com artistas e suas associações, a realização de exposições de arquitetura. O terceiro investe em tópicos econômicos: o debate sobre o arranha-céu, as imagens metropolitanas pensadas por esses profissionais e a realidade da verticalização de duas diferentes áreas da cidade, Centro e Copacabana; este último, o bairro eminentemente moderno, objeto de altos investimentos imobiliários nos quais os arquitetos estavam inseridos. / This research explores the performance of the architects of Rio de Janeiro between 1925 and 1935 through the examination of some of the professional niches they occupied, expanded, and consolidated during this period of intense urban modernization and restructuring of the political and cultural scenes, both at federal and local levels. The issues presented were divided into three thematic axes, which correspond to the chapters developed. The first one encompasses predominantly political themes: the disputes between architects and engineers in order to define each ones competences, the creation of the first professional organizations, the struggle for professional regulation and transformations in the teaching activity, the rising interest in the social housing agenda, the discussions held at the urban planning field, and the emerging work opportunities at the public sector. The second chapter is about the dynamics of the cultural scene, described by the enthusiasm of the architectural press, the presence of architecture in the daily media, the close relationship between architects, artists and their organizations, and the happening of architecture expositions. The third chapter focuses in economic topics: the skyscrapers debate, the metropolitan images thought by these professionals, and the vertical development of two different areas of the city, the Center and Copacabana, this last one being the most modern neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, target of high real estate investments in which architects were involved.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-21T14:27:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paulosergiodesouzaesilva.pdf: 1090684 bytes, checksum: d15ed66c04972a6e95368718a4466112 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T12:36:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulosergiodesouzaesilva.pdf: 1090684 bytes, checksum: d15ed66c04972a6e95368718a4466112 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T12:36:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulosergiodesouzaesilva.pdf: 1090684 bytes, checksum: d15ed66c04972a6e95368718a4466112 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-27 / O estudo ora apresentado resulta de uma pesquisa que teve como propósito analisar as Políticas Culturais na década de 1995-2005, no estado de Minas Gerais, a partir das políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio cultural, em especial, aquelas voltadas para os conjuntos documentais custodiados pelas instituições arquivísticas. A hipótese central do tema proposto é de que, apesar de os Arquivos públicos contarem com estruturas de apoio jurídico-financeiro, estas entidades serviram exclusivamente para a adequação deste equipamento cultural (no caso, os Arquivos) às novas exigências do mercado cultural, especialmente regulado pelas Leis de Incentivo à Cultura, não se prestando, portanto, a impulsionar novos espaços de interlocução entre o Estado e a Sociedade Civil. Contudo, facultaram em alguma medida o “acesso à cultura e à informação arquivística a públicos pouco familiarizados” com o universo dos arquivos. Partimos do pressuposto de que um aumento da visibilidade dos Arquivos configurou-se, sobretudo em razão das ações previstas no novo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a partir da Constituição de 1988, que “garantiu ao cidadão o direito constitucional de acesso à informação, assegurando tal prática como dever do Estado; a publicidade de suas ações, caracterizando um processo de transparência administrativa e; ao considerar os Arquivos como importante suporte da memória”. É também foco de investigação nesta pesquisa compreender os limites e a efetiva participação da sociedade civil, qualificada aqui como Associações Culturais e Sociedade de Amigos do Arquivo, uma vez que essas entidades se prestam como estruturas de apoio à gestão das instituições culturais, especialmente no que se refere à parceria entre estas entidades e os Arquivos Públicos, que se multiplicando a partir da década de 1990, promoveram certa dinamização na ação cultural dessas instituições. / The actual study is the result of a research which aims at analyzing the Cultural Politics of the last decade of the twentieth Century, more precisely 1995-2005 in Minas Gerais State focusing the Public Politics for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, espacially those related to the collection of documents preserved in archival institutions. The main hypothesis is that although Public Archives count with juridical-financial support those entities have served exclusively for its adapting to the new demanding of the cultural market. That market is regulated, in special by the “Laws of Cultural Support” and therefore they do not serve as a stimulator to new interlocution between the State and the Civil Society. Nevertheless those laws allow in some measure the access to culture and archival information to publics that are not very familiarized with the archival universe. Our thesis is that an increase in the visibility of the Archives was the result of the actions previewed in the new Brazilian Juridical Ordinances starting on the 1988 Constitution. It has guaranteed to the Citizens the Constitutional Right of access to information assuring this practice as a duty of the State; as well as the publicity of its actions, administrative transparency and; on considering the Archives as an important support of memory. It is also an investigation focus of this research to understand the limits and the effective participation of Civil Society, characterized here as Cultural Associations and the Society of Friends of the Archives, as far as those entities work as structures of support in the management of Cultural Institutions. In particular considering them in reference to the partnership between those entities and the Archives. Its multiplying since the decade of 1990 have promoted certain dynamism in those institutions.

Целью данного исследования является определить роль национально-культурных объединений в социально-культурной адаптации мигрантов, прибывающих в Россию из Кыргызстана. Исследование проводилось на примере Кыргызской диаспоры "Кыргызстан-Урал". Работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка литературы. В первой главе рассматриваются проблемы социально-культурной адаптации мигрантов в условиях современной России. Во второй главе работы анализируется роль национально-культурных обществ в этих процессах и, в частности, рассматривается деятельность национально-культурного организация «Кыргызстан-Урал». Третья глава работы носит практический характер. Содержание работы изложено на 127 страницах. / The purpose of this study is to determine the role of national and cultural associations in the socio-cultural adaptation of migrants arriving in Russia from Kyrgyzstan. The study was carried out on the example of the Kyrgyz diaspora "Kyrgyzstan-Ural". The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography. The first chapter examines the problems of social and cultural adaptation of migrants in the conditions of modern Russia. The second chapter of the work analyzes the role of national-cultural societies in these processes and, in particular, examines the activities of the national-cultural organization "Kyrgyzstan-Ural". The third chapter of the work is practical. The content of the work is presented on 127 pages.