Este trabalho relata a produção, implementação e avaliação de um curso sobre física quântica destinado a alunos do Ensino Médio. A unidade didática foi inspirada nas propostas de Ostermann et al. (2009) e Pessoa Jr. (1997, 2003). Ela introduz a física quântica considerando a óptica ondulatória como um contexto para introduzir algumas analogias conceituais básicas para conceitos fundamentais da física quântica. O conceito central desta abordagem é a dualidade onda-partícula e o Interferômetro Virtual de Mach-Zehnder (IVMZ) é utilizado como sua ferramenta didática principal ou, em termos vygotskyanos, ferramenta de mediação. A proposta foi aplicada no formato de uma oficina extracurricular em uma escola privada de Porto Alegre no Brasil. Um dos professores de Física da escola se engajou e colaborou com este projeto. As aulas ocorreram entre os meses de Outubro e Novembro de 2013, em encontros semanais de uma hora. A perspectiva sociocultural de Vygotsky foi utilizada para embasar as aulas do curso. A translinguística de Bakhtin e os conceitos vygotskyanos foram utilizados para a análise das falas dos estudantes durante as atividades do curso. Nesta perspectiva analítica buscamos compreender como os estudantes elaboram estratégias discursivas para entender o conceito de dualidade onda-partícula, analisando a importância das interações com parceiros mais capazes (como professores), textos, simulações e outras ferramentas didáticas. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes desenvolveram algum domínio das ferramentas mediacionais necessárias para compreender a dualidade onda-partícula em um nível satisfatório. O Interferômetro Virtual de Mach-Zehnder, os roteiros exploratórios e os professores mostraram-se importantes para tornar mais efetivas as experiências de aprendizagem dos estudantes. / This dissertation reports the development, implementation and evaluation of a quantum physics course directed to high school students. The course was conceived inspired in proposals of Ostermann et al. (2009) and Pessoa Jr. (1997, 2003). It introduces quantum physics considering wave optics as a context to introduce some basic conceptual analogies to quantum fundamental concepts. The core concept of this approach is the wave-particle duality and the Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (VMZI) is used as its main didactical tool or, in vygotskyan terms, a mediational tool. The course was applied as an extracurricular workshop in a private school from Porto Alegre, Brazil. One of the school´s Physics teacher collaborated and engaged in this project. The classes took place between October and November 2013, in a set of one-hour weekly meetings. Vygotsky´s sociocultural perspective is adopted to ground the practices of the course. Both Bakhtin´s translinguistics and Vygotsky’s concepts were used to perform the analysis of students’ utterances along didactical activities at the classes. In this analytical framework, we try to understand how students elaborate discursive strategies to understand the concept of wave-particle duality, analyzing the importance of interaction with more experienced peers (like teachers), texts, simulation and other teaching tools. The results indicate that the students developed some mastery of mediational means needed to understand the wave-particle duality at a satisfactory level. The Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, the exploratory guides and the teachers were important to enhance the students’ learning experiences.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om några pedagogers erfarenheter av IKT som stöd i läs- och skrivundervisning i grundsärskolan. De forskningsfrågor som ställts är hur pedagoger inom grundsärskolan beskriver att de använder IKT som stöd för elever i läs- och skrivundervisning, vad pedagogerna uttrycker för inställning till IKT och vilka för- och nackdelar som de kan se kring användandet av IKT som stöd i läs- och skrivundervisningen.   Metodvalet för studien är semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter som arbetar inom grundsärskolans åk 1–9 och använder sig av någon form av IKT i sin undervisning. Respondenterna skulle också arbeta med ämnet svenska. Intervjuguiden skickades ut i förväg för att förberedda respondenten på själva intervjutillfället. Intervjuerna har spelats in och transkriberas för analysarbetet. I analysarbetet har ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande används.        Resultatet med studien visade på att respondenterna anser att IKT kan vara ett stort stöd för elever i grundsärskolan inom läs- och skrivundervisningen. De stora fördelarna var att elever kan ta till sig kunskap genom att få texter upplästa via talsyntes, kunna skriva texter även om de har motoriska svårigheter med till exempel penngrepp. Nackdelar kunde vara den tekniska biten och att eleverna förlorade den finmotoriska träningen som skrivande med penna ger dem. / The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge of some educators' experiences of ICT as support for reading and writing education in compulsory schools  for pupils with learning disabilities The research questions are how educators in compulsory schools for pupils with learning disabilities describe that they use ICT as support for students in reading and writing education, which attitudes educators express about ICT and which pros and cons they can see in the use of ICT as support in reading and writing education.   The method selection for the study is semi structured interviews with respondents who work within the grades 1-9 in compulsory schools for pupils with learning disabilities and use some form of ICT in their education. The respondents also work with teaching the subject Swedish. The interview guide was sent out in advance to prepare the respondents for the interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for the analysis work. In the analysis work, a socio-cultural perspective on learning has been used.   The results of the study showed that respondents believe that ICT can be a great support for students in compulsory schools for pupil with learning disabilities regarding reading and writing education. The major advantages were that students can gain knowledge by getting texts read out loud with speech synthesis and writing texts even if they have physical difficulties with their fine motor skills, such as holding a pencil. Disadvantages could be the technical bit and that the students lose their motor skills practice that pencil writing can give them.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur elever i svårigheter, inom området läs- och skrivutveckling, beskriver de stödinsatser som ges under grundskolans årskurser fyra till sex.  Mitt val blev då att samtala med barnen och ge utrymme för deras tankar och funderingar genom intervjuer. Studien har en grund i det sociokulturella perspektivet.   Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet att elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter beskriver en stress och oro i sin vardag. De anser att undervisningen går för fort fram och deras problematik gör att de inte lyckas hänga med i undervisningen på ett effektivt sätt. Eleverna beskriver att de företrädesvis använder Ipad som hjälpmedel i undervisningen och att detta kan vara ett stöd som de upplever som positivt. I skolarbetet beskriver också elever att de har möjlighet att få stöd av speciallärare utanför klassrummet. Detta stöd upplevs till stor del som positivt men det finns också elever som beskriver det som särbehandlande och negativt. I de fall där det finns fler än en lärare i klassrummet så beskrivs detta enbart positivt och givande. Eleverna känner att de får ett bra stöd och det hjälper till i deras strävan att följa den ordinarie undervisningen. Eleverna upplever att de inte är delaktiga i utformandet eller utvärderingen av de stödinsatser som finns i skolan.   I relation till andra studier som finns redovisade i mitt arbete så visar dessa på liknade resultat. Eleverna känner en stress i vardagen och denna stress finns med under hela skoldagen. Mina intervjuer visar på ett större användande av Ipad men de problem som beskrivs omkring dessa är liknande. Elevernas tankar och beskrivningar omkring undervisning utanför klassrummet är liknande och fler lärare i undervisningen är överlag mycket positivt. Eleverna beskriver inte heller att de är delaktiga i utformandet av stödinsatser. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how pupils in difficulty in the field of reading and writing development, describes the support measures given at elementary school in the forth to sixth grade. My choice was then to talk with the children and give room for their thoughts in interviews. In summary, the result shows that pupils in reading and writing difficulties worry and experience distress in their everyday lives. They feel that teaching is going too fast and their problems make them unable to keep up with the school work in an effective way. The pupils describe that they prefer to use an iPad as a tool in teaching and that this may be a support they feel positive about. In school work, the pupils also describe that they are able to receive support from special education teachers outside the classroom. This support is largely perceived as positive, but there are also pupils who describe it as negative and being treated differently. In cases where there are more than one teacher in the classroom, this is described only positively and rewardingly. Moreover, the pupils feel that they get good support and it helps in their quest to follow the regular teaching. Pupils feel that they are not involved in the design or evaluation of the support efforts in the school. In relation to other studies that are reported in my work, they show similar results. The pupils feel stress in everyday life and this stress is present throughout the school day. My interviews show a greater use of iPad, but the problems described around these are similar to other studies. The experiences of teaching outside the classroom are similar and more teachers in teaching are overall very positive. The pupils also do not describe that they are involved in the design of support efforts.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2286754 bytes, checksum: 1b7867d39ab23df5161a2820080ef188 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aims to analyze the practice of teaching of technical design, integrating traditional and digital tools, starting from experiments in an integrated environment for higher education. This environment, called Integrated Environmental Education Technical Drawing (AIEDT), was developed to integrate traditional practices with digital tools in an applied discipline of Interior Design Technology Degree in Interior Design (CSTDI) of Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraiba (IFPB). At specific level, aims to place the picture of traditional technical drawing, technical drawing to describe the digital artifacts; show the integration of different learning environments, mapping the process of teaching technical drawing at the daily practice of teachers and students. Questioned in this work which mainly changes that may occur when using traditional technical drawing (DTT) integrated with computer aided design (CAD) requiring adaptations to their teacher's way of teaching. The hypothesis is that the teaching of DTT and CAD, embedded in a social interaction environment, provide better education and consequently the learning of graphic expression in a college course. The analytical perspective is the cultural-historical Vygotysky Lev Semenovich, where he addressed the concepts of instrumental and symbolic mediation, and social interaction in the teaching and learning. The methodological procedures were based through archival research and field research through direct observation of the practices not participating in a class of 4th period CSTDI. The instruments for data collection were interviews with teachers of subjects related to technical design, aiming to describe teaching practices and perceptions of their current teaching model; the questionnaire with students in order to verify these teaching practices; literature in books, theses, dissertations, papers and documents, in order to describe the phenomenon, its practices and tools. Our results show that the points analyzed were satisfactory in improving the teaching process. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a prática do ensino do desenho técnico, integrando as ferramentas tradicionais e digitais, partindo da experimentação em um ambiente integrado de nível superior. Este ambiente, chamado de Ambiente Integrado de Ensino do Desenho Técnico (AIEDT), foi desenvolvido de forma a integrar as práticas tradicionais com as ferramentas digitais aplicada em uma disciplina de Projeto de Interiores do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Design de Interiores (CSTDI) do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB). Em nível específico, buscou-se situar o panorama do desenho técnico tradicional; descrever o desenho técnico nos artefatos digitais; mostrar a integração entre diferentes ambientes de ensino; cartografar o processo de ensino do desenho técnico na prática cotidiana de professores e alunos. Questionou-se neste trabalho, principalmente, quais as transformações que poderão ocorrer quando utilizamos o desenho técnico tradicional (DTT) integrado com o desenho assistido por computador (CAD), que exijam do professor adaptações em sua forma de ensinar. A hipótese é que o ensino do DTT e do CAD, integrados em um ambiente sócio-interacionista, proporcionará melhorias do ensino e consequentemente da aprendizagem de expressão gráfica em um curso de nível superior. A perspectiva de análise é a histórico-cultural de Lev Semenovich Vygotysky, onde se abordou os conceitos de mediação instrumental e simbólica, além da interação social no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Os procedimentos metodológicos fundamentaram-se através de pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo, através de observação direta não participante das práticas utilizadas em uma disciplina do 4º período do CSTDI. Os instrumentos para a coleta das informações foram a entrevista com professores de disciplinas relacionadas ao desenho técnico, com o objetivo de caracterizar as práticas docentes e a percepção de seu modelo de ensino vigente; o questionário com discentes a fim de verificar o ensino nestas práticas; pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, teses, dissertações, artigos científicos e documentos, com o objetivo de descrever o fenômeno, suas práticas e ferramentas. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que os pontos analisados foram satisfatórios em relação à melhoria do processo de ensino.

Este trabalho relata a produção, implementação e avaliação de um curso sobre física quântica destinado a alunos do Ensino Médio. A unidade didática foi inspirada nas propostas de Ostermann et al. (2009) e Pessoa Jr. (1997, 2003). Ela introduz a física quântica considerando a óptica ondulatória como um contexto para introduzir algumas analogias conceituais básicas para conceitos fundamentais da física quântica. O conceito central desta abordagem é a dualidade onda-partícula e o Interferômetro Virtual de Mach-Zehnder (IVMZ) é utilizado como sua ferramenta didática principal ou, em termos vygotskyanos, ferramenta de mediação. A proposta foi aplicada no formato de uma oficina extracurricular em uma escola privada de Porto Alegre no Brasil. Um dos professores de Física da escola se engajou e colaborou com este projeto. As aulas ocorreram entre os meses de Outubro e Novembro de 2013, em encontros semanais de uma hora. A perspectiva sociocultural de Vygotsky foi utilizada para embasar as aulas do curso. A translinguística de Bakhtin e os conceitos vygotskyanos foram utilizados para a análise das falas dos estudantes durante as atividades do curso. Nesta perspectiva analítica buscamos compreender como os estudantes elaboram estratégias discursivas para entender o conceito de dualidade onda-partícula, analisando a importância das interações com parceiros mais capazes (como professores), textos, simulações e outras ferramentas didáticas. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes desenvolveram algum domínio das ferramentas mediacionais necessárias para compreender a dualidade onda-partícula em um nível satisfatório. O Interferômetro Virtual de Mach-Zehnder, os roteiros exploratórios e os professores mostraram-se importantes para tornar mais efetivas as experiências de aprendizagem dos estudantes. / This dissertation reports the development, implementation and evaluation of a quantum physics course directed to high school students. The course was conceived inspired in proposals of Ostermann et al. (2009) and Pessoa Jr. (1997, 2003). It introduces quantum physics considering wave optics as a context to introduce some basic conceptual analogies to quantum fundamental concepts. The core concept of this approach is the wave-particle duality and the Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (VMZI) is used as its main didactical tool or, in vygotskyan terms, a mediational tool. The course was applied as an extracurricular workshop in a private school from Porto Alegre, Brazil. One of the school´s Physics teacher collaborated and engaged in this project. The classes took place between October and November 2013, in a set of one-hour weekly meetings. Vygotsky´s sociocultural perspective is adopted to ground the practices of the course. Both Bakhtin´s translinguistics and Vygotsky’s concepts were used to perform the analysis of students’ utterances along didactical activities at the classes. In this analytical framework, we try to understand how students elaborate discursive strategies to understand the concept of wave-particle duality, analyzing the importance of interaction with more experienced peers (like teachers), texts, simulation and other teaching tools. The results indicate that the students developed some mastery of mediational means needed to understand the wave-particle duality at a satisfactory level. The Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, the exploratory guides and the teachers were important to enhance the students’ learning experiences.

The purpose of this survey is to get more understanding of what reading and writing difficulties really mean, as well as the methods that can be used to support students with reading and writing difficulties. In order to arrive at a result, I have used two research methods, qualitative interview and observation of three teachers. The results of the survey show that most teachers work on a specific method, the Bornholm method, in their teaching and that support can develop the student's learning, but they did not have much knowledge or experience about other methods in the field. All teachers who participated in the survey con- sidered that I pad/computer is a good complement in teaching for those students with reading and writing difficulties. The result can be linked to the socio-cultural theory that says that through the support of some or some tools, all children have the opportunity to develop their thinking. Through the support that the students get, it is the language and support structure that develops the learning. / Syftet med denna undersökning är att få mer förståelse för vad läs- och skrivsvårigheter egentligen innebär för lärare och skola, samt vilka metoder man kan arbeta med för att stötta elever som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter samt på vilken grundval lärare gör sitt metodval för att arbeta språkutvecklande. För att komma fram till ett resultat har jag använt mig av två olika forskningsmetoder, kvalitativ intervju och observation av tre lärare. Resultatet i undersökningen visar på att de flesta lärare arbetar med en specifik metod, Bornholmsmetoden, i sin undervisning samt att stöttning kan utveckla elevens lärande, men att lärarna inte hade någon större kunskap eller erfarenhet om andra metoder inom området. Samtliga lärare som deltog i undersökningen ansåg att Ipad/ dator är ett bra komplement i undervisningen för de elever som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Resultatet kan kopplas till den sociokulturella teorin som säger att via stöd av någon eller något redskap, har alla barn möjligheten att utveckla sitt tänkande. Genom stöttningen som eleverna får, är det språket och stödstrukturen som utvecklar lärandet.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur svensklärare i gymnasieskolan arbetar med digitalisering i sin undervisning och vilka verktyg och metoder som används. Därtill redovisas vilka möjligheter respektive nackdelar som de ser med att använda digitala verktyg i undervisningen. Vidare utgår uppsatsen från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. För att uppfylla sitt syfte utgår studien från hur svensklärare använder digitala verktyg i sin undervisning samt om attityder och erfarenhet påverkar användningen av digitala verktyg i undervisningen. Som metod för datainsamlingen har semistruktruerade kvalitativa intervjuer använts. Fyra stycken svensklärare intervjuades i åldrarna 30 – 60 vilka är aktiva inom samma gymnasieskola. Resultaten visar att digitalmedvetenhet bland informanterna varierar där de yngre generationen i regel är mer medvetna än den äldre generationen. Den äldre informanten säger sig själv vara relativt digitalt omedveten och upplever att detta beror på generationsskillnad, kunskap och intresse. Detta får till följd att digitalisering inte är en faktor läraren planerar sina lektioner utefter. De yngre informanterna i sin tur, särskilt de med mer yrkeserfarenhet, har en hög grad av digital medvetenhet. Detta visar sig genom att de kontinuerligt skaffar sig digital kunskap på egen hand, provar nya metoder och försöker hela tiden att utvecklas och bli bättre. Intressant är dock att den yngsta informanten med minst yrkeserfarenhet har god digitalmedvetenhet men saknar intresse, kunskap och tid för att integrera digitalisering i sin undervisning. Gemensamt för de intervjuade lärarna är att de upplever digitalisering är svårt och utmanande och att ingen av dem har haft mycket, om någon, utbildning inom digitalkunskap när de studerade vid lärarprogrammet. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how teacher in Sweden work with digitization in their teaching and what tools and methods are used. In addition, the opportunities and challenges the teachers perceive to use digital tools in the teaching are reported. The study parts from a sociocultural theory. To fulfill its purpose the study is based on how teachers in the Swedish subject work to achieve a digital education and how attitudes affect to integrate digital tools. For the data collecting process semistructured qualitative interviews have been used as method. Four Swedish teachers were interviewed in the ages between 30 and 60 who are active in the upper secondary school. The results show that digital awareness among the teachers varies. The younger generation is usually more aware than the older generation. The older teacher declares herself as being quite digitally unconscious and finds that it depends on generational difference, knowledge and interest. As a result her teaching is not based on digital awareness. The younger teachers, in particular those with more professional experience, have a high degree of digital awareness. This shows in continually acquiring digital knowledge on their own, trying new methods and constantly trying to develop the digital education. The youngest teacher with least professional experience has good digital awareness but not the interest, knowledge and time to integrate digitalization into her teaching. All the interviewed teachers have in common that they find the work towards a digital teaching challenging and that none of them had much, if any, education in digital studies in their university studies.

Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera grundskollärares upplevelser och erfarenheter av hur grundskollärare lyckas inkludera elever som läser efter grundsärskolans läroplan i en grundskoleklass utifrån följande forskningsfrågor.  Vilka utmaningar upplever grundskolläraren det finns med att undervisa utifrån två läroplaner?  Hur genomför och planerar grundskolläraren undervisning för den integrerade grundsärskoleeleven på individ, grupp och skolnivå?  Vilka möjligheter och hinder upplever grundskolläraren att det finns med integrerade grundsärskoleelever i grundskolan? För att nå syftet i denna studie är tolv kvalitativa intervjuer genomförda med grundskollärare som undervisar en grundsärskoleintegrerad elev inom årskurserna 1-6. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är Nilholm och Göranssons (2013) tre definitioner på inkludering: den gemenskapsorienterade definitionen, den individorienterade definitionen samt den placeringsorienterade definitionen. Examensförordningen tydliggör att specialläraren bland annat ska ha kunskaper och färdigheter för att handleda och stötta kollegor i deras arbete kring grundsärskoleintegrerade elever. Studiens resultat visar att arbetet varierar hur grundskollärare arbetar med grundsärskoleintegrerade elever i grundskolan. Den största oron hos studiens forskningspersoner är ängslan och frustration över att tiden inte räcker till att planera undervisningen för den grundsärskoleintegrerade eleven. Det framkommer av studiens resultat att de integrerade grundsärskoleelever oftast är lokalintegrerad utanför klassrummet. Studien beskriver även forskningspersonernas upplevelser av möjligheter respektive hinder med att undervisa grundsärskoleintegrerade elever i grundskolan. / The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze elementary school teachers' experiences including students studying the special needs curriculum in their own class, based on the following research questions.  What challenges do elementary school teacher have integrating the two curriculums in one class?  How does the elementary school teacher implement and plan lessons for the integrated special need pupils on an individual, group and school level?  What opportunities and obstacles do elementary school teacher experience with a special needs pupil in an integrated class? To achieve the purpose of our study, we have conducted qualitative interviews with elementary school teachers who teach at a basic school for grades 1-6. As a theoretical point of departure, we have chosen to use Nilholm and Göranssons (2013) three definitions of inclusion; the community-oriented definition, the individual-oriented definition and the investment-oriented definition. The degree regulation clarifies special needs teachers with a focus on developmental disorder. The specialist teacher must, among other things, have the skills to guide and support colleagues in their work around special needs pupils that have been included in the classroom. The study's results show that work varies over how elementary school teachers work with students following the rules of the basic school law. The biggest concern of the study's research is the teachers’ anxiety and frustration that time is not enough to plan lessons for the special needs pupil. It is apparent from the study result that special needs pupils are still locally included outside the classroom. The study also describes the researchers' experiences of opportunities and obstacles to teach special need pupils in elementary school.

Este trabalho relata a produção, implementação e avaliação de um curso sobre física quântica destinado a alunos do Ensino Médio. A unidade didática foi inspirada nas propostas de Ostermann et al. (2009) e Pessoa Jr. (1997, 2003). Ela introduz a física quântica considerando a óptica ondulatória como um contexto para introduzir algumas analogias conceituais básicas para conceitos fundamentais da física quântica. O conceito central desta abordagem é a dualidade onda-partícula e o Interferômetro Virtual de Mach-Zehnder (IVMZ) é utilizado como sua ferramenta didática principal ou, em termos vygotskyanos, ferramenta de mediação. A proposta foi aplicada no formato de uma oficina extracurricular em uma escola privada de Porto Alegre no Brasil. Um dos professores de Física da escola se engajou e colaborou com este projeto. As aulas ocorreram entre os meses de Outubro e Novembro de 2013, em encontros semanais de uma hora. A perspectiva sociocultural de Vygotsky foi utilizada para embasar as aulas do curso. A translinguística de Bakhtin e os conceitos vygotskyanos foram utilizados para a análise das falas dos estudantes durante as atividades do curso. Nesta perspectiva analítica buscamos compreender como os estudantes elaboram estratégias discursivas para entender o conceito de dualidade onda-partícula, analisando a importância das interações com parceiros mais capazes (como professores), textos, simulações e outras ferramentas didáticas. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes desenvolveram algum domínio das ferramentas mediacionais necessárias para compreender a dualidade onda-partícula em um nível satisfatório. O Interferômetro Virtual de Mach-Zehnder, os roteiros exploratórios e os professores mostraram-se importantes para tornar mais efetivas as experiências de aprendizagem dos estudantes. / This dissertation reports the development, implementation and evaluation of a quantum physics course directed to high school students. The course was conceived inspired in proposals of Ostermann et al. (2009) and Pessoa Jr. (1997, 2003). It introduces quantum physics considering wave optics as a context to introduce some basic conceptual analogies to quantum fundamental concepts. The core concept of this approach is the wave-particle duality and the Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (VMZI) is used as its main didactical tool or, in vygotskyan terms, a mediational tool. The course was applied as an extracurricular workshop in a private school from Porto Alegre, Brazil. One of the school´s Physics teacher collaborated and engaged in this project. The classes took place between October and November 2013, in a set of one-hour weekly meetings. Vygotsky´s sociocultural perspective is adopted to ground the practices of the course. Both Bakhtin´s translinguistics and Vygotsky’s concepts were used to perform the analysis of students’ utterances along didactical activities at the classes. In this analytical framework, we try to understand how students elaborate discursive strategies to understand the concept of wave-particle duality, analyzing the importance of interaction with more experienced peers (like teachers), texts, simulation and other teaching tools. The results indicate that the students developed some mastery of mediational means needed to understand the wave-particle duality at a satisfactory level. The Virtual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, the exploratory guides and the teachers were important to enhance the students’ learning experiences.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lia_Cristiane_Lima_Hallwass_Dissertacao.pdf: 1221993 bytes, checksum: a4daa44193dd2488a2bf95816a4a6a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-06 / This Master‟s dissertation aimed to contribute to the understanding of the learning process in Distance Education (DE). Currently, DE is a widespread educational modality favoring access to higher education. Thus, I consider fundamental to know its characteristics and the processes involved in it, in particular to know how individuals learn in this modality and what factors are associated with such learning. The objective of this investigation was to examine the influence of interests and social interactions on the learning process of students enrolled in the Distance Mathematics Teacher Training Course from the Federal University of Pelotas/RS (DMTTC / UFPel). The study used, as its theoretical basis, the Historical-Cultural perspective, proposed by Lev S. Vygotsky, due to the fact that, in the same way as Distance Education, this perspective emphasizes the importance of social interactions for learning, thus offering valuable support to the exploration of the proposed theme. The research has adopted a qualitative approach (case-studies), having a descriptive and exploratory character. The cases analyzed have been selected from the group of students enrolled in the second phase of the DMTTC - Open University of Brazil Program (DMTTC/ UAB 2), which were about 350, divided into seven poles distributed around Rio Grande do Sul. Through online questionnaires, it was possible to trace the profile of this group of students as well as the group enrolled in one of the poles of that phase of the Program, Santa Vitoria do Palmar (SVP). These profiles were used for the intentional selection of case-studies participants and as a context for the interpretation of the data obtained through such studies. The subjects were two students (one female and one male). They participated in distance semi-structured interviews (by telephone), during which information was obtained on their initial and subsequent interests and expectations related to the course, their interactions with peers, teachers and tutors, and their performance. Although the findings of this research cannot be generalized to all Distance Education students, due to its qualitative nature, the thematic analysis of the collected data suggests that strong interests and the intensity of interaction between peers influenced learning and performance of the students. They also suggest that face-to-face interactions were fundamental to promote such good performance. / Esta dissertação de Mestrado pretendeu contribuir para o entendimento do processo de aprendizagem na Educação a Distância. Atualmente, a EaD é uma modalidade com grande abrangência favorecendo o acesso à educação superior. Assim, considero fundamental conhecer suas especificidades e os processos nela envolvidos, em especial, como os indivíduos aprendem nessa modalidade e quais fatores estão associados a essa aprendizagem. O objetivo desta pesquisa era analisar a influência dos interesses e das interações sociais sobre o processo de aprendizagem de estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática a Distância da Universidade Federal de Pelotas/RS (CLMD/UFPel). O estudo utilizou, como embasamento teórico, a perspectiva Histórico-Cultural, proposta por Lev S. Vygotsky, porque, assim como a EaD, tal perspectiva enfatiza a importância das interações sociais para a aprendizagem, oferecendo valiosos subsídios para a exploração da temática proposta. A pesquisa teve cunho qualitativo (estudos de caso) com enfoque descritivo e exploratório. Os casos para análise foram selecionados do grupo de estudantes matriculados na segunda fase do CLMD no Programa Universidade Aberta do Brasil (CLMD/UAB 2), aproximadamente 350, divididos em sete pólos distribuídos pelo Rio Grande do Sul. Através de questionários respondidos online, foi possível traçar o perfil desse grupo de estudantes, bem como o do grupo matriculado em um dos pólos dessa fase do Programa, o de Santa Vitória do Palmar (SVP). Tais perfis serviram para a seleção intencional dos participantes dos estudos de caso e como contexto para a interpretação dos dados obtidos por meio desses estudos. Os sujeitos foram dois estudantes (uma do sexo feminino e um do masculino). Eles participaram de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a distância (via telefone) durante as quais foram obtidas informações sobre seus interesses iniciais e subseqüentes e suas expectativas em relação ao curso, suas interações com colegas, professores e tutores e seu desempenho. Embora os achados desta pesquisa não possam ser generalizados para todos os estudantes de EaD, por sua natureza qualitativa, a análise temática dos dados coletados sugere que interesses fortes e a intensidade da interação entre pares influenciaram positivamente a aprendizagem e o desempenho dos estudantes. Os achados sugerem também que as interações presenciais foram fundamentais para a promoção desse bom desempenho.