Univ., Diss.--Saarbrücken, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 349 - 365.

From the Proceedings of the 1972 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - May 5-6, 1972, Prescott, Arizona / Land is subsiding over a heavily mined aquifer in south central Arizona. Subsidence damages are inventoried to help provide a basis upon which cost studies can be performed to determine actions to lessen the economic impact of these damages. Water table drawdown produces increasing loading stress by three ways: changes in bouyant support of aquifer grains, changes in water table, or both. Two types of subsidence are recognized--one-directional compression, and near surface phenomenon. Damages due to natural structures, and to man-made structures are reviewed. Agricultural damages include field releveling, ditch repair and well damage. Damages to transportational facilities include highways, bridges, pipelines, and railroads. Damages to domestic and urban structures are suggested. Questionnaires, interviews and on-site inspections were used to collect information on land subsidence damages in the study area.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de faire un état des lieux des connaissances produites sur les risques environnementaux et la vulnérabilité et appliquer ces connaissances à la ville de Kigali (Rwanda). Après avoir présenté différentes approches, nous avons retenu le cadre d’analyse qui s’inscrit dans l’approche de J.C. Thouret et R.D’Ercole (1996). Cette approche est articulée autour de trois dimensions : enjeux, facteurs de la vulnérabilité et réponses sociales. A travers l’application des éléments pertinents de ces trois dimensions dans le cas de la ville de Kigali, réalisée grâce à une analyse qualitative, centrée sur l’analyse des documents et des entrevues semi-dirigées, voici les principaux résultats que nous avons obtenus: l’analyse des enjeux a révélé que la ville de Kigali est confrontée à plusieurs dommages, parmi lesquels, on peut mentionner les pertes des vies humaines, la démolition des maisons, la contamination des rivières, la prolifération des maladies et la perturbation des besoins de base ( eau potable, électricité, transport) dues aux risques. Cette situation s’explique par la combinaison de plusieurs facteurs dont le relief collinaire, le sol granitique, les pluies violentes, le caractère centrifuge du réseau hydrographique, le sous-dimensionnement des ouvrages d’évacuation et le réseau d’assainissement insuffisant. D’autres facteurs amplifient la vulnérabilité dont l’explosion démographique consécutive à une urbanisation spontanée et inconsciente en zones inondables, l’ensablement des lits des rivières, le vide juridique, les politiques fragmentaires et le dysfonctionnement des acteurs impliqués dans la gestion des risques. Cette situation aurait probablement été améliorée si les réponses sociales étaient efficaces. Or, d’un côté, la faible perception de risque chez les résidants affectés par les risques accélère davantage la vulnérabilité et de l’autre côté, l’intervention significative des CIB n’est pas accompagnée d’actions complémentaires des institutions publiques et des agences internationales. / The purpose of this research is to make an inventory of knowledge produced on environmental risks and vulnerability and apply this knowledge to the Kigali city (Rwanda). After presenting different approaches, we used the analytical framework that is part of the approach of J. C. Thouret and R. D’Ercole (1996). This approach is articulated around three dimensions: issues, factors of vulnerability and social responses. Through the implementation of relevant elements of these three dimensions in the case of Kigali city, conducted through a qualitative analysis focusing on the analysis of documents and the interpretation of semi-directed interviews, here are the main results we have obtained: the analysis of the issues has revealed that the Kigali city is facing damages, including the loss of human lives, demolition of houses, contamination of rivers, proliferation of diseases, and disruption of basic needs (drinking water, power and transportation) due to riks. This situation is explained by the combination of several factors including the hilly terrain, the granite soil, heavy rains, the centrifugal character of the river system, under-sizing of spillways and the inadequate sewerage system. Others factors exacerbate the vulnerability, including the demographic explosion due to an unconscious and spontaneous urbanization in flood areas, the silting of river beds, the legal vacuum, fragmentary policies and dysfunctional stakeholders involved in risks management. This situation would probably have been improved if social responses were effective. However, on one side, low risk perception among residents affected by the risks, accelerates the vulnerability and on the other side, the significant intervention of CIB is not accompanied by complementary actions of public institutions and international agencies as well.

Univ., Diss.--Göttingen, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. [393] - 410.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T16:56:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TREMESCHINI_Letícia_2016.pdf: 45567340 bytes, checksum: c8ffdcd8e9777a25b8fce8c1d55b754f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T16:56:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TREMESCHINI_Letícia_2016.pdf: 45567340 bytes, checksum: c8ffdcd8e9777a25b8fce8c1d55b754f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T16:56:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TREMESCHINI_Letícia_2016.pdf: 45567340 bytes, checksum: c8ffdcd8e9777a25b8fce8c1d55b754f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T16:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TREMESCHINI_Letícia_2016.pdf: 45567340 bytes, checksum: c8ffdcd8e9777a25b8fce8c1d55b754f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In face of the worldwide need for preservation of the environment, specific legislations have been developed aiming to assure the environmental rights and allow their attackers to be punished. It is however needs to understand the dynamics of the sanctions that are applied and their relations with the socioeconomic and environmental indicators of the counties where they written the infractions records. It is expected, therefore, to contribute with the formulation and execution of public policies for the preservation and conservation of the environment. In this sense, have been evaluated the influence of some socioeconomics and environmental indicators in the number of infractions records issued in the municipalities that are located in Sorocaba Inspection Regional Technical Center. The indicators used were: area, population, per capita income, municipal gross domestic product, municipal human development index, basic education development index, native forest, the distance from environmental military police headquarters, and also the location of dams and large rivers. The categories of environmental infractions were grouped empirically, and the municipalities by the multivariate method called cluster analysis and the influences of the indicators about the infractions were obtained by multiple regression method. During the considered period, the largest number of infractions have been written in the category "common area", and the year of 2011 which were written the largest number of records. As the analyzed counties, Ibiuna has presented as the place where the majority of the written infractions occurred. Statistically significant relations were found between the number of infractions with the indicators: population, municipal gross domestic product, native forest and the distance from environmental military police headquarters. In general, some adjustments have not resulted in satisfactory statistical models, in which the variables little explain the number of infractions. Even for the adjustments with statistical significance and high values of the coefficients, it was not possible to find scientific explanation or empirical evidence conclusive to justify the relation. Both results indicate that other variables, that not those used in this study, influence the relations analyzed. For this reason, it is necessary that additional studies are performed to help the formulation and implementation of environmental policies. / Diante da necessidade mundial de preservação do ambiente, legislações específicas foram elaboradas visando assegurar os direitos ambientais e permitir que seus agressores fossem punidos. Necessita-se, contudo compreender a dinâmica das sanções que são aplicadas e sua relação com os indicadores socioeconômicos e ambientais dos municípios onde são lavrados os autos de infrações. Espera-se, assim, contribuir com a formulação e execução de políticas públicas destinadas à preservação e conservação do meio ambiente. Nesse sentido, foi avaliada a influência de alguns indicadores socioeconômicos e ambientais no número de autos de infrações lavrados nos municípios que estão localizados no Centro Técnico Regional de Fiscalização de Sorocaba. Os indicadores utilizados foram: área, população, renda per capita, produto interno bruto municipal, índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, índice de desenvolvimento da educação básica, cobertura florestal nativa, distância da sede da polícia militar ambiental, além da localização de represas e grandes rios. As categorias de infrações ambientais foram agrupadas empiricamente, já os municípios pelo método multivariado denominado análise de cluster e as influências dos indicadores sobre as infrações foram obtidas através do método de regressão múltipla. Ao longo do período considerado, o maior número de infrações foram lavradas na categoria "área comum", e o ano de 2011 onde foram lavrados o maior número de autos. Quanto aos município analisados, o de Ibiúna apresentouse como o local onde a maiorias das infrações lavradas ocorreram. Foram encontradas relações estatisticamente significativas entre o número de infrações com os indicadores: população, produto interno bruto municipal, cobertura florestal nativa e distância da sede da polícia militar ambiental. De modo geral, alguns ajustes não resultaram em modelos estatisticamente satisfatórios, nos quais as variáveis pouco explicam o número de infrações. Mesmo para os ajustes com significância estatística e altos valores dos coeficientes, não foi possível encontrar explicação científica ou empírica conclusiva para justificar a relação. Ambos os resultados indicam que outras variáveis, que não as utilizadas neste estudo, influenciam as relações analisadas. Por isso, é necessário que estudos adicionais sejam realizados para que possam auxiliar a formulação e execução de políticas ambientais.

Force est de constater l'absence dans les textes de loi d'une définition précise de la réparation intégrale et a fortiori de règles d'évaluation des dommages-intérêts compensatoires. La doctrine tente bien de pallier ce vide en décrivant les différents types d'indemnisation, notamment aux États-Unis. Pourtant, la difficulté reste entière lorsque le préjudice existe mais que son estimation est délicate ou incertaine. En effet, ces questions sont considérées uniquement comme des questions de faits ; les juges du fond restent donc souverains, ce qui débouche sur une grande imprévisibilité pour les parties. Réduire l'imprévisibilité judiciaire du dommage passe par le choix et la définition d'un cadre de travail commun. S'appuyant notamment sur les résultats d'une analyse empirique comparative de centaines de cas de jurisprudence, l'étude formalise des prescriptions à l'intention des parties qui souhaitent améliorer leurs chances de succès dans le recouvrement des gains manqués et de la perte de chance. Elle évoque aussi la nécessité d'améliorer la pratique judiciaire dans l'application du droit actuel à la réparation intégrale. Surtout, elle aboutit à une conclusion normative fondamentale qui consisterait à considérer le préjudice économique et financier, les dommages ­intérêts et le calcul du quantum également comme des questions de droit. Dès lors, il relèverait d'une bonne justice que la Cour de cassation préconisa et contrôla l'usage de telle ou telle méthode d'évaluation. Chaque chef de préjudice économique serait ainsi qualifié juridiquement et la notion de réparation intégrale serait élargie pour indemniser plus complètement le préjudice économique difficilement quantifiable.Il ressort enfin que des barèmes référencés d'indemnisation peuvent être construits à partir de l'observation de précédents jugés d'inexécutions contractuelles. L'introduction de ces barèmes pourrait bénéficier aux chercheurs dans leurs débats académiques, aux parties dans la rédaction de leurs contrats, aux conseils dans leurs échanges précontentieux voire aux juges comme outil d'aide à la décision. Si ces barèmes étaient validés et partagés, ils pourraient donner naissance à des modèles d'intelligence artificielle de type machine learning dont la valeur -notamment prédictive -serait sans commune mesure avec ce qu'on en perçoit aujourd'hui. / Law statutes and codes lack of a precise definition of the « full compensation » principle, and a fortiori they Jack of rules for assessing compensatory damages. The legal doctrine tries to fil] in the blank by describing the different types of damages awarded, notably in the United States. Yet, the issue remains full when the Joss is certain but its valuation remains complex or uncertain. The assessment of the economic Joss and the calculation methodology for damages are considered to be only matters of facts: trial courts and judges thus retain a sovereign power, resulting in great uncertainty for the parties. Reducing judicial uncertainty requires the choice and creation of a common framework. Based on the results of an empirical law and economics analysis of several hundreds of precedent cases, the dissertation formulates simple and practical suggestions for parties looking to improve their chances of success in recouping lost profits and lost opportunities. It also evidences which improvements of the judicial systems are required in order to actually implement the current right to full compensation. More importantly the research reaches a fundamental nonnative conclusion: economic Joss, compensatory damages and hence, the calculation of the quantum granted should be considered, not as mere matters of facts but also as matters of law. Henceforth, it would be logical that the Cour de cassation ( or the highest court) advises and controls the use of calculation methodology. Each head of damages would thus be legally qualified and the principle of full compensation would be extended in order to better compensate the loss when evaluating its quantum is complex. It finally results that referenced compensatory scales can be practically developed from compiling relevant legal precedents. The introduction of such scales would benefit academics in their debates, parties in the drafting of their contracts and counsels in their pre-trial exchanges. Eventually, judges could use them as tools to assist their rulings. If those scales were to be adopted and shared, they would enable the creation of such artificial intelligence as machine learning which value - notably the predictive value - would far exceed what is perceived today.

After a conceptual overview of the scope of the right to job stability, its relationship with other rights (right to work, right to access to employment, right to maintain employment) and its constitutional, international and legal regulation and the position of jurisprudence, the author goes on to discuss the complex picture presented to the employer before a decision to dismiss both from a legal perspective (compensation, replacement) and case law (damages, replacement) adding a paragraph called “others” the recount administrative consequences arising from said measure both labor (SUNAFIL) and tax (SUNAT) viewpoint. / Luego de un breve repaso conceptual de los alcances del derecho a la estabilidad laboral, su relación con otros derechos (derecho al trabajo, derecho de acceso al empleo, derecho a conservar el empleo) y su regulación constitucional, internacional y legal, así como la posición de la jurisprudencia, el autor pasa a comentar el complejo panorama que se presenta al empleador ante una decisión de despido tanto desde la óptica legal (indemnización, reposición) como jurisprudencial (indemnización por daños, reposición) añadiéndose un acápite denominado “otros” para las relatar las consecuencias administrativas que surgen de la indicada medida tanto desde la óptica laboral (SUNAFIL) como tributaria (SUNAT).

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPA final.pdf: 562387 bytes, checksum: 13e57a0b514b8364083173b50124e4aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / This study analyzes the possibility of organizational change in the security activity in organizations, assuming a new paradigm: management of risks and loss prevention. Based in this, two different analytical problems had structuralized the research: A) To demonstrate the absence of an activity regulated between the public and private security, presenting as it is played and justifying by means of historical and methodological aspects the responsibility of the actors on the losses generated for the current form of management; B) the challenge of the management of risks and loss prevention, leaving of the estimated one that the acceptability of treatment of the risks is based not only by the evaluation technique, but mainly in the involved intuitive aspects in the decision made. In general lines, the intention to carry through a theoretical quarrel and an analysis of the speech of controllers of organizations, to the end, is to arrive at the conclusion of that if it cannot more admit the different sides of security and a bigger universe, where if does not have to look for to only decide the urgent problem, but also to participate and to contribute in the life of the organization, by means of a cycle of accompaniment of risks based in preventive activities. Moreover, a new involved approach in the process of understanding of the heuristically ones of the organization brings the possibility of uneven benefits in that it concerns to provide actions that if locate inside of one continuum, whose extremities are in playing activities with a maximum degree of risks displaying the life of the organization the concretion of a starter fact of damages and keeping the activity end of the organization stopped in the search of a degree of risk next to zero. / Esta dissertação analisa a possibilidade de mudança organizacional na atividade de segurança dentro das organizações, assumindo um novo paradigma: gestão de riscos e prevenção de perdas. Baseado nisto, dois diferentes problemas analíticos estruturaram a pesquisa: A) Demonstrar a ausência de uma atividade regulamentada entre a segurança pública e privada, apresentando como é desempenhada e justificando por meio de aspectos históricos e metodológicos a responsabilidade dos atores sobre as perdas geradas pela atual forma de gestão; B) O desafio da gestão de riscos e prevenção de perdas, partindo do pressuposto que a aceitabilidade de tratamento dos riscos é fundamentada não somente pela avaliação técnica, mas principalmente nos aspectos intuitivos envolvidos na tomada de decisão. Em linhas gerais, a intenção de realizar uma discussão teórica e uma análise do discurso de dirigentes de organizações, ao final, é chegar à conclusão de que não se pode mais admitir a atividade de segurança dissociada de um universo maior, onde não se deva procurar apenas resolver o problema emergencialmente, mas também participar e contribuir na vida da organização, por meio de um ciclo de acompanhamento de riscos pautado em atividades preventivas. Além disso, um novo enfoque envolvido no processo de compreensão das heurísticas da organização traz a possibilidade de benefícios ímpares no que concerne a prover ações que se posicionem dentro de um continuum, cujos extremos estão em desempenhar atividades com um grau máximo de riscos expondo a vida da organização à concretização de um fato originador de danos e manter a atividade fim da organização estagnada na busca de um grau de risco próximo de zero.

Liability for Damage Caused by Exercise of Public Authority Focusing on the Institute of Regress Damages This thesis focuses on liability for damage caused by exercise of public authority with an emphasis on the institute of regress damages as stipulated by Act. No. 82/1998 Sb. The institute of regress is emphasized throughout my paper as the fundamental research questions are: How is the institute expressed by positive law? Is it being used or is it only an empty provision? And how exactly is it being used? What is the success rate? If it is not used, what are possible reasons? The text is divided into four parts with subparts of first and second level. First part analyzes the key terms such as liability, damage, public authority and its entities. There is a disctinction between the public authority entity, who is liable for the damage, and the actual bodies, who exercise the authority. I also included a brief subchapter related to damage caused by lawful exercise of public authority. Second part analyzes how liability for damage caused by public authority is enshrined in the Czech Republic. First I addressed constitutional and international aspects, followed by provisions of Act. No. 82/1998 Sb., which is the foundation stone of the regulation. Third part is dedicated to the institute of regress...

Text in Afrikaans / Summary in English / Until recently damages were only awarded in South African law for the loss of an object which was utilised for the generation of income. In Kellerman v South African Transport Services' damages were awarded for the first time for the loss of use of an object, which was used for non-business purposes. In this dissertation the writer aims to indicate that the personal loss that a plaintiff suffers by the loss of the object is so closely related to the physical possession through which it is served, that the Jaw should protect such personal interest. In such circumstances damages should be awarded in principle, irrespective of whether the plaintiff used the object for business purposes or whether he indeed hired a substitute or not. There is room in the South African law for development in the area of delictual damages for the Joss of the possibility to use a material object. / Private Law / LL.M.