A dengue é uma doença causada pelo vírus da dengue (DENV) cuja incidência é alarmante no mundo. Seu principal método de controle, combate ao vetor, não é totalmente eficaz, o que faz da busca por vacinas seguras e eficazes uma prioridade. Por outro lado o uso de proteínas não estruturais do vírus mostra-se promissor ao desenvolvimento de vacinas contra a dengue. Assim, neste trabalho buscamos desenvolver e caracterizar estratégias vacinais, baseadas na proteína NS1, utilizando a via intradérmica (i.d.) de imunização. Para isso foram obtidas proteínas quimeras contendo a NS1 DENV2 fusionada a anticorpos específicos para os receptores DEC e DCIR2 de células dendríticas. O emprego destas proteínas em ensaios de imunização pelas vias i.d. e i.p induziram respostas humorais NS1-específicas, com modulação do perfil de subclasses de IgG, aumento da afinidade dos mesmos, sem causar efeitos adversos nos animais imunizados. Assim, a inédita combinação da estratégia de direcionamento aqui descrita com a via i.d. faz-se promissora ao desenvolvimento de vacinas contra o DENV. / Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) whose incidence is alarming in the world. Its main method of control, combating the vector, is not fully effective, which makes the search for safe and effective vaccines a priority. Moreover the use of non-structural proteins of the virus shows promise for the development of vaccines against dengue. In this work we developed and characterized vaccine strategies based on the NS1 protein using the intradermal route (i.d.) immunization. For this, chimeras containing the NS1 protein fused to DENV2 antibodies specific for the receptor DEC and DCIR2 dendritic cells were obtained. The use of these proteins in immunization trials by way i.d. and i.p. induced NS1-specific humoral responses, with modulation of the IgG subclasses profile, increased affinity thereof without causing adverse effects in the immunized animals. Thus, the new combination of targeting strategy described here with via i.d. any be promising for the development of vaccines against DENV.

A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é a micose sistêmica mais frequente no Brasil. Na última década, foi demonstrado que é possível enviar antígenos diretamente para as células dendríticas utilizando o anticorpo αDEC205 e na presença de um estímulo de maturação, o resultado é a indução de uma resposta imunológica. Verificamos que o anticorpo αDEC fusionado ao peptídeo P10 induziu uma resposta por células produtoras de IFN-γ após uma única dose em relação à administração de P10, mesmo tendo sido administrado em uma concentração menor. Entretanto, essa resposta não se manteve após segunda dose do anticorpo. Após desafio dos animais com P. brasiliensis, imunizados com duas doses do anticorpo quimérico, detectamos níveis de IFN-γ e IL-4 no tecido pulmonar estatisticamente maiores no grupo αDEC/P10 e ISO/P10 em relação à administração de P10, todos em presença de Poly I:C. Em ensaios de terapia, verificamos no pulmão de camundongos tratados com o anticorpo quimérico, principal órgão envolvido em modelo animal de PCM, baixa concentração de IFN-γ e IL-10 em relação aos controles. Em adição, ficou evidente que nos animais tratados com o anticorpo αDEC/P10 o tecido pulmonar está compatível com o tecido de animais não infectados, enquanto que na ausência de tratamento adequado encontramos aglomerados de leveduras e um tecido com aumento no infiltrado celular. Esses achados indicam uma boa evolução clínica em animais tratados e indicam que o direcionamento do P10 através do anticorpo quimérico αDEC/P10, na presença de Poly I:C, é uma estratégia promissora para terapia contra P. brasiliensis. / Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most common systemic mycosis in Brazil. In the last decade, it was demonstrated that antigens can be directly target to the dendritic cells using the antibody αDEC205 in the presence of a maturation stimulus, resulting in the induction of a strong immune response. We found that αDEC205 antibody fused to peptide P10 induced great response by IFN-γ producing cells after a single dose in relation to the administration of P10, although it has been administered in a lower concentration. However, this response was not maintained after second dose of antibody. Animals challenge with P. brasiliensis, after immunization with two doses of the chimeric antibody, produced high levels IFN-γ and IL-4 in lung tissue significantly higher in αDEC/P10 group in relation to the administration of P10, all in the presence of Poly I:C. In therapy assays, we found in the lungs of mice treated with the chimeric antibody, the main organ involved in an animal model of PCM, low concentration of IFN-γ and IL-10 compared to controls. In addition, it became evident that animals treated with αDEC/P10 antibody have a lung tissue much closer to that of non-infected tissue, while in the absence of suitable treatment we find clusters of yeasts and tissue filled with cellular infiltrates. Altogether, these findings show a clinical improvement in treated animals and indicate that targeting of P10 through the chimeric antibody αDEC/P10 in the presence of Poly I:C, is a promising strategy for therapy against P. brasiliensis.

The decentralized Markov decision process (Dec-POMDP) is a powerful formal model for studying multiagent problems where cooperative, coordinated action is optimal, but each agent acts based on local data alone. Unfortunately, it is known that Dec-POMDPs are fundamentally intractable: they are NEXP-complete in the worst case, and have been empirically observed to be beyond feasible optimal solution.To get around these obstacles, researchers have focused on special classes of the general Dec-POMDP problem, restricting the degree to which agent actions can interact with one another. In some cases, it has been proven that these sorts of structured forms of interaction can in fact reduce worst-case complexity. Where formal proofs have been lacking, empirical observations suggest that this may also be true for other cases, although less is known precisely.This thesis unifies a range of this existing work, extending analysis to establish novel complexity results for some popular restricted-interaction models. We also establish some new results concerning cases for which reduced complexity has been proven, showing correspondences between basic structural features and the potential for dimensionality reduction when employing mathematical programming techniques.As our new complexity results establish that worst-case intractability is more widespread than previously known, we look to new ways of analyzing the potential average-case difficulty of Dec-POMDP instances. As this would be extremely difficult using the tools of traditional complexity theory, we take a more empirical approach. In so doing, we identify new analytical measures that apply to all Dec-POMDPs, whatever their structure. These measures allow us to identify problems that are potentially easier to solve on average, and validate this claim empirically. As we show, the performance of well-known optimal dynamic programming methods correlates with our new measure of difficulty. Finally, we explore the approximate case, showing that our measure works well as a predictor of difficulty there, too, and provides a means of setting algorithm parameters to achieve far more efficient performance.

A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é a micose sistêmica mais frequente no Brasil. Na última década, foi demonstrado que é possível enviar antígenos diretamente para as células dendríticas utilizando o anticorpo αDEC205 e na presença de um estímulo de maturação, o resultado é a indução de uma resposta imunológica. Verificamos que o anticorpo αDEC fusionado ao peptídeo P10 induziu uma resposta por células produtoras de IFN-γ após uma única dose em relação à administração de P10, mesmo tendo sido administrado em uma concentração menor. Entretanto, essa resposta não se manteve após segunda dose do anticorpo. Após desafio dos animais com P. brasiliensis, imunizados com duas doses do anticorpo quimérico, detectamos níveis de IFN-γ e IL-4 no tecido pulmonar estatisticamente maiores no grupo αDEC/P10 e ISO/P10 em relação à administração de P10, todos em presença de Poly I:C. Em ensaios de terapia, verificamos no pulmão de camundongos tratados com o anticorpo quimérico, principal órgão envolvido em modelo animal de PCM, baixa concentração de IFN-γ e IL-10 em relação aos controles. Em adição, ficou evidente que nos animais tratados com o anticorpo αDEC/P10 o tecido pulmonar está compatível com o tecido de animais não infectados, enquanto que na ausência de tratamento adequado encontramos aglomerados de leveduras e um tecido com aumento no infiltrado celular. Esses achados indicam uma boa evolução clínica em animais tratados e indicam que o direcionamento do P10 através do anticorpo quimérico αDEC/P10, na presença de Poly I:C, é uma estratégia promissora para terapia contra P. brasiliensis. / Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most common systemic mycosis in Brazil. In the last decade, it was demonstrated that antigens can be directly target to the dendritic cells using the antibody αDEC205 in the presence of a maturation stimulus, resulting in the induction of a strong immune response. We found that αDEC205 antibody fused to peptide P10 induced great response by IFN-γ producing cells after a single dose in relation to the administration of P10, although it has been administered in a lower concentration. However, this response was not maintained after second dose of antibody. Animals challenge with P. brasiliensis, after immunization with two doses of the chimeric antibody, produced high levels IFN-γ and IL-4 in lung tissue significantly higher in αDEC/P10 group in relation to the administration of P10, all in the presence of Poly I:C. In therapy assays, we found in the lungs of mice treated with the chimeric antibody, the main organ involved in an animal model of PCM, low concentration of IFN-γ and IL-10 compared to controls. In addition, it became evident that animals treated with αDEC/P10 antibody have a lung tissue much closer to that of non-infected tissue, while in the absence of suitable treatment we find clusters of yeasts and tissue filled with cellular infiltrates. Altogether, these findings show a clinical improvement in treated animals and indicate that targeting of P10 through the chimeric antibody αDEC/P10 in the presence of Poly I:C, is a promising strategy for therapy against P. brasiliensis.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-15T19:46:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468722 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1230126 bytes, checksum: 45679926e59fba17cb7e39823a47daf0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T19:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468722 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1230126 bytes, checksum: 45679926e59fba17cb7e39823a47daf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Benthic macroinvertebrates occupy a critical position in the food chain, since they are responsible for the exchange of energy between basal resources and higher trophic levels. In order to analyze the physiological behavior of the species throughout the year, we collected 69 individuals of Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis in the central month of each season. The animals collected were measured for carapace length, taking as a criterion the minimum value for capture 20mm after hemolymph were removed in medium containing 10% potassium oxalate (anticoagulant) and left on ice for 24 hours to use only plasma in the analyzes. After capturing the animals were sacrificed by Cryoanesthesia. A water sample from Garapi? stream (San Francisco de Paula, RS) for analysis of physical and chemical parameters was collected. In laboratory subjects were weighed on the total weight and tissue weight to determine the rates of gastric fullness and hepatossomatic, in both genders, and gonadosomatic only in females; as well as the degree of gastric fullness. In the hemolymph were quantified by spectrophotometry proteins, lactate, lipids, triglycerides, glycerol, glucose, cholesterol, VLDL e HDL and glucose. Also analyzed the behavior of three antioxidant enzymes, which were superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione s-transferase; as well as a cellular damage measure (lipid peroxidation), in order to describe the oxidative status of this subspecies in different seasons. These analyzes were performed by spectrophotometric methods, gills, in hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle for both genders and in the gonads in females. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni or Kruska-Wallis followed by Dunn (17.0 SPSS- or Bioestat). The statistical analysis indicated that there was difference between IH and IG of females throughout the study period. In the spring (reproductive peak) observed an increase in the IG and reduced IH, suggesting allocation of energy hepatopancreas reserves to the gonads; hypothesis reinforced by the analysis of IH in males, where there was no significant difference. Gastric index showed a reduction (p <0.05) in both sexes, in winter which combined with a decrease in ambient temperature and blood glucose control suggest a decreased metabolic rate and habitat exploitation, with possible use of endogenous reserves; combined with a decrease in glycerol and protein in the autumn transition to winter. Both genders showed differences (p <0.5) for lactate levels, as levels possibly linking up with low dissolved oxygen content (3,31 mg / l) in the summer. There was also a significant increase across the lipid chain in both sexes but more pronounced in females in the period corresponding to the apex of reproduction, and the probable cause reproductive preparation directly or increased energy expenditure in this situation. As for oxidative stress, the results suggest that females have a large energy expenditure in protecting the gonadal tissue, especially in the spring (playback apex) while maintaining a high degree of GST enzyme activity, together with the lesser extent of cellular damage when compared with the other tissues. As for the males lipid peroxidation level was higher in the spring, in all tissues. However, the gill tissue proved unable to increase antioxidant activity, and only the muscle and hepatopancreas were able to increase the enzymatic defense in the spring. We can conclude that seasonal factors clearly influence the biological cycle of P. brasiliensis promatensis and demand adjustments in the oxidative balance, requiring a greater demand of enzymatic antioxidant defenses and of the metabolic system. / Os macroinvertebrados bent?nicos ocupam uma posi??o cr?tica na cadeia alimentar, uma vez que eles s?o respons?veis pela troca de energia entre os recursos basais e os n?veis tr?ficos superiores. Com o objetivo de analisar o comportamento fisiol?gico do lagostim Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis ao longo do ano, foram coletados 69 indiv?duos no m?s central de cada esta??o do ano. Os animais coletados foram medidos quanto ao comprimento de cefalot?rax, tendo como crit?rio o valor m?nimo 20 mm para captura, ap?s tiveram a hemolinfa retirada em meio contendo oxalato de pot?ssio 10% (anticoagulante) e deixadas em banho de gelo por 24 horas para utiliza??o apenas do plasma nas an?lises. Ap?s a captura os animais foram sacrificados por crioanestesia. No momento de cada coleta foi obtida uma amostra de ?gua do local de coleta, riacho Garapi? (S?o Francisco de Paula, RS), para an?lise dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos. Em laborat?rio os indiv?duos foram pesados quanto ao peso total e peso tecidual para determina??o dos ?ndices de reple??o g?strica e hepatossom?tico (IH), em ambos os g?neros, e gonadossom?tico (IG) apenas nas f?meas; como tamb?m o grau de reple??o g?strico. Na hemolinfa quantificamos, por espectrofotometria, as prote?nas, o lactato, os lip?deos, os triglicer?deos, o glicerol, o colesterol VLDL e o HDL e a glicose. Analisamos ainda o comportamento de tr?s enzimas antioxidantes, sendo elas a super?xido dismutase (SOD), a catalase (CAT) e a glutationa S-tranferase (GST); bem como uma medida de dano celular (lipoperoxida??o, LPO), com o objetivo de descrever o status oxidativo desta subesp?cie em diferentes esta??es do ano. Estas an?lises foram realizadas, por m?todos espectrofotom?tricos, nas br?nquias, no hepatop?ncreas e no m?sculo abdominal para ambos os g?neros e, nas g?nadas das f?meas. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA de uma via seguida de Bonferroni ou Kruska-Wallis seguido de Dunn, nos programas SPSS (vers?o 17.0) ou Bioestat, respectivamente. As analises estat?sticas indicam que houve diferen?a entre o IH E IG de f?meas ao longo do per?odo de estudo. Na primavera (pico reprodutivo) observamos um aumento do IG e uma redu??o do IH, sugerindo aloca??o das reservas energ?ticas do hepatop?ncreas para as g?nadas; hip?tese refor?ada pela an?lise do IH em machos, onde n?o houve diferen?a significativa. O ?ndice g?strico mostrou uma redu??o (p<0,05), em ambos os sexos, no inverno o que aliado a uma diminui??o da temperatura ambiental e manuten??o da glicemia sugerem uma diminui??o da taxa metab?lica e da explora??o do habitat, com poss?vel utiliza??o das reservas end?genas; aliados a uma diminui??o do glicerol e prote?nas na transi??o do outono para o inverno. Ambos os g?neros apresentaram diferen?as (p<0,5) para os n?veis de lactato, com os n?veis relacionando-se possivelmente com o baixo teor de oxig?nio dissolvido (3,31mg/l) encontrado na ?gua no ver?o, sendo estes considerados n?veis hip?xicos. Houve tamb?m um aumento significativo em toda a cadeia lip?dica em ambos os sexos; por?m, mais pronunciado nas f?meas, no per?odo que corresponde ao ?pice da reprodu??o, sendo a prov?vel causa o preparo reprodutivo diretamente e/ou o aumento de gasto energ?tico nesta situa??o. Quanto ao estresse oxidativo, os resultados sugerem que as f?meas apresentam um grande gasto energ?tico na prote??o do tecido gonadal, principalmente na primavera (?pice da reprodu??o), mantendo um alto grau de atividade da enzima GST, aliado ? menor medida de dano celular (LPO) quando comparado com os demais tecidos. J? para os machos o n?vel de lipoperoxida??o foi maior na primavera, em todos os tecidos. Contudo, o tecido branquial se mostrou incapaz de aumentar a atividade antioxidante, sendo apenas o m?sculo e o hepatop?ncreas capazes de incrementarem as defesas enzim?ticas na primavera. Podemos concluir que fatores sazonais influenciam claramente o ciclo bi?logico de P. brasiliensis promatensis e demandam ajustes no balan?o oxidativo, exigindo uma demanda maior das defesas antioxidantes enzim?ticas e do sistema metab?lico.

As the electronic products are getting more and more small, the trend of the needs for speed and accuracy is more precise. Therefore, upgrading the speed and the accuracy of contour error on tracking control has become an important point. This research is focus on the improving of contour error and terminus error. In the contour error, we design the acceleration /deceleration profile based on digital FIR filter. And then remodel the compensatory method of cross-coupled controller, making the design of controller parameter easier, and getting better efficiency. And further, we get the time-variable gain by curve of contour error, making the accuracy better. In terminus error, according to two-step control, we switch the controller in deceleration region, not only directly improving the terminus error, but also improving the contour error. Finally, the above improved strategies are verified by the simulation and experimental results.

?rea de concentra??o: Odontopediatria. / Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-22T13:35:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 izabella_barbosa_fernandes.pdf: 2088859 bytes, checksum: 015e8cf831539e0c08c0656e3ff8e95e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-22T13:35:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 izabella_barbosa_fernandes.pdf: 2088859 bytes, checksum: 015e8cf831539e0c08c0656e3ff8e95e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-22T13:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 izabella_barbosa_fernandes.pdf: 2088859 bytes, checksum: 015e8cf831539e0c08c0656e3ff8e95e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A c?rie dent?ria n?o tratada ? a condi??o bucal mais frequentemente associada com um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida de crian?as por estar associada ? dor, desconforto, dificuldades na mastiga??o, problemas de fala, dist?rbios no sono, problemas psicol?gicos, dificuldades na escola e dificuldades na intera??o social da crian?a. Essa associa??o tem sido frequentemente verificada em adultos, adolescentes, crian?as escolares e pr?-escolares. A associa??o de impacto da c?rie dent?ria em beb?s sobre a qualidade de vida ? ainda desconhecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes est?gios de progress?o da c?rie dent?ria na qualidade de vida de beb?s e de suas fam?lias na cidade de Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Uma amostra de 308 beb?s de 1 a 3 anos de idade foi submetida a um exame cl?nico para avaliar a c?rie dent?ria atrav?s do Sistema Internacional de Avalia??o e Detec??o de C?rie - International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). As m?es dos beb?s foram convidadas a responder dois question?rios: um sobre qualidade de vida relacionada ? sa?de bucal (QVRSB) das crian?as e de suas fam?lias, o Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) e outro sobre as caracter?sticas e condi??es sociodemogr?ficas dos beb?s e de suas fam?lias. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada atrav?s do programa SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, version 20.0, SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) e envolveu an?lise descritiva, os testes Kappa, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney e modelos de regress?o de Poisson hierarquicamente ajustados. A preval?ncia de c?rie n?o tratada foi de 64,3%. A maioria dos beb?s com c?rie apresentava c?rie em seu est?gio severo de progress?o (53,5%). Houve uma diferen?a significativa entre o est?gio de progress?o da c?rie e QVRSB no beb? e na fam?lia. O est?gio severo de c?rie dent?ria [RP IC95%= 2.80 (1.90-4.12)] e a menor idade da m?e [RP IC95%= 1.69 (1.27-2.25) foram associados com o maior impacto na qualidade de vida. Concluiu-se que les?es de c?rie em est?gios mais avan?ados de progress?o foram associados a uma pior qualidade de vida em beb?s e em suas fam?lias. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT Untreated dental caries is the most often oral condition associated with negative impact on quality of life in children by being associated with pain, discomfort, difficulty in chewing, speech problems, sleep disorders, psychological problems, difficulties in school and social interaction of the child. This association has been frequently seen in adults, adolescents, school children and preschoolers. The impact of dental caries in the quality of life of babies still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different stages of progression of dental caries in the quality of life of babies and their families in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. A sample of 308 babies aged 1-3 years old underwent a clinical examination to assess dental caries through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Parents of babies were asked to answer two questionnaires: one about oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and their families using the Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) and another about sociodemographic characteristics and conditions of babies and their families. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, version 20.0, SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) and involved descriptive analysis, Kappa, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test and Poisson model regression adjusted hierarchically. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 64.3%. Most babies with caries had caries in severe progression stage (53.5%). There was a significant difference between the stage of caries progression and OHRQoL on babies and their families. Severe stage of dental caries [OR = 2.80 95% CI (1.90-4.12)] and lower mother's age [OR = 1.69 95% CI (1:27 to 2:25) were associated with the greatest impact on quality of life. It was concluded that dental caries in more advanced stages of progression were associated with worse quality of life in babies and their families.

In dieser Arbeit geben wir eine Einführung in das Diskrete Äußere Kalkül (engl.: Discrete Exterior Calculus, kurz: DEC), das sich mit der Diskretisierung von Differentialformen und -operatoren beschäftigt. Wir beschränken uns hierbei auf zweidimensionalen orientierten kompakten Riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten und zeigen auf, wie diese als wohlzentrierte Simplizialkomplexe zu approximieren sind. Dabei beschreiben wir die Implementierung der Methode und testen diese an Beispielen, wie Helmholtz-artige PDEs und die Berechnung von in- und extrinsischen Krümmungsgrößen.

In dieser Arbeit geben wir eine Einführung in das Diskrete Äußere Kalkül (engl.: Discrete Exterior Calculus, kurz: DEC), das sich mit der Diskretisierung von Differentialformen und -operatoren beschäftigt. Wir beschränken uns hierbei auf zweidimensionalen orientierten kompakten Riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten und zeigen auf, wie diese als wohlzentrierte Simplizialkomplexe zu approximieren sind. Dabei beschreiben wir die Implementierung der Methode und testen diese an Beispielen, wie Helmholtz-artige PDEs und die Berechnung von in- und extrinsischen Krümmungsgrößen.:0 Einführung 1 Diskrete Mannigfaltigkeiten 1.1 Primär- und Dualgitter 1.2 Kettenkomplexe 1.3 Gittergenerierung für Oberflächen 1.4 Implizit gegebene Oberflächen 2 Diskretes Äußeres Kalkül (DEC) 2.1 Diskrete Differentialformen 2.2 Äußere Ableitung 2.3 Hodge-Stern-Operator 2.4 Laplace-Operator 2.5 Primär-Dual-Gradient im Mittel 3 Anwendung: Oberflächenkrümmung 3.1 Weingartenabbildung 3.2 Krümmungsvektor 3.3 Gauß-Bonnet-Operator 3.4 Numerisches Experiment 4 Fazit und Ausblicke 5 Appendix 5.1 Häufige Bezeichner 5.2 Algorithmen 5.3 Krümmungen für impliziten Oberflächen 5.4 Ausgewählte Oberflächen Literaturverzeichnis

Solar DEC (Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling) air-conditioning is a renewable technological approach to the future air-conditioning of buildings driven with solar-thermal heat. The principal acceptance of solar airconditioning has led to system prototypes mainly across Europe, however the diffusion of this innovative technology is proceeding slowly due to little field testing experience. In climates with coexisting heating demand particularly, a multivalent system approach that utilizes solar-heat not only for air-conditioning but also for hot water preparation and heating has potential as a feasible concept. However, previous research focused on systems using solar heat exclusively for the DEC-process. This research contributes to the advancement of the solar DEC-technology with multivalent use of solar thermal heat. The investigation consists of an initial detailed in-situ monitoring analysis of a system prototype operated in an industrial environment, followed by the development of optimised system concepts and a climate-specific analysis of the solar DEC-technology. The monitoring provided in-depth knowledge about the system operation, revealing the reasons for the insufficient refrigeration capacity achieved in practice. A detailed simulation model for an entire multivalent solar DEC-system including the heat sinks, DEC-system, heating and hot-water preparation was developed and a DEC-control strategy has been formulated. A new optimised control strategy for multivalent systems with simultaneous sink supply concept was devised. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the key design parameters for the dimensioning of multivalent solar DEC-systems. The research concluded that the auxiliary primary energy consumption of the optimised system was lower by one third compared to the initial system. Finally, a methodological zoning approach was developed, to systematically produce design-specific outline data for the application of the solar DEC-technology at climatically different sites.