Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T12:06:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Diego Veloso Gomes - 2013.pdf: 2176366 bytes, checksum: 77c2c4cfb0c2cd083c1ad744233c2a0d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T14:33:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Diego Veloso Gomes - 2013.pdf: 2176366 bytes, checksum: 77c2c4cfb0c2cd083c1ad744233c2a0d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-06T14:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Diego Veloso Gomes - 2013.pdf: 2176366 bytes, checksum: 77c2c4cfb0c2cd083c1ad744233c2a0d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-15 / The initial period of the discovery of gold mines in Goiás comprehended, beyond the glories sung by the writers of its history, the intense and typical disparities of the processes of gold rush. The empire of greed has brought the need for the establishment of forces capable of imposing order and defends the interests of the kingdom in such valuable lands. The arrival of the first company of Dragons Cavalry on those distant mines dates back to 1736, preceding even the installation of Vila Boa, single village of Goyases until the early nineteenth century. Its contingent had to stand there for a minimum period of ten years, until the defensive strength of the region was properly structured, a factor for which contributed the organization of the first troops of Ordinances in 1739, and the creation of the Regiment of Auxiliary Cavalry in 1764. As the administration of the territory settled roots and began to organize their bases, Goyases’ troops influenced and were influenced by this process. Our goal in this work is to analyze the formation and strengthening of such forces regarding the consolidation of the military structure in Goiás until 1770. / O período inicial do descobrimento das minas auríferas em Goiás abarcou, além das glórias cantadas pelos escritores de sua história, as intensas disparidades tão características dos processos de gold rush. O império da ganância trouxe a necessidade do estabelecimento de forças capazes de impor a ordem e defenderem os interesses do reino em tão diletas terras. A chegada da primeira companhia de Dragões da Cavalaria naquelas distantes minas remonta a 1736, antecedendo mesmo a instalação de Vila Boa, única vila dos Goyases até o início do século XIX. Seu contingente tinha o dever de sentar praça por um período mínimo de dez anos, até que a força defensiva da região fosse devidamente estruturada, fator para o qual concorreram a organização das primeiras tropas de Ordenanças, em 1739, e a criação do Regimento de Cavalaria de Auxiliares, no ano de 1764. Na medida em que a administração do território fincava suas raízes e começava a organizar suas bases, as tropas goianas não só influenciaram como foram influenciadas por este processo. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é analisar a formação e o fortalecimento das referidas forças armadas no tocante à consolidação da estrutura militar em Goiás até 1770.

Há evidências de que os endocanabinoides e os receptores CB1 estejam envolvidos em diversos transtornos emocionais, dentre eles a ansiedade e a depressão. A interação deste sistema endocanabinoide com outros neurotransmissores, como a serotonina (5-HT), tem sido alvo de diversos estudos, uma vez que o aumento na atividade deste sistema promove respostas ansiolíticas e antidepressivas. Alguns estudos mostraram que a porção ventromedial do hipotálamo modula algumas respostas defensivas, como fuga e a imobilidade tônica, respostas estas eliciadas pelos animais frente a situações de medo intenso, como ocorre em um confronto com um dado predador. Dentro desta perspectiva, o presente estudo teve por objetivos avaliar o efeito do tratamento crônico durante 21 dias com canabidiol (CBD) sobre as respostas defensivas em cobaias (Cavia porcellus), evocadas diante de um predador natural. Avaliamos, ainda, o efeito da microinjeção intradiencefálica de AM251 (antagonista de receptores CB1; 100pmol/0,2µl), de 6-I-CPS (antagonista de canais iônicos TRPV1; 9nmol/0,2µl), de WAY-100635 (antagonista 5-HT1A; 0,37nmol/0,2µl) e seus respectivos veículos em diferentes grupos de cobaias, após o tratamento crônico com canabidiol sobre as respostas defensivas evocadas diante do predador. Os resultados mostraram que, muito embora o tratamento crônico com CBD não tenha atenuado a resposta de imobilidade tônica (IT), devido ao fenômeno de habituação da resposta, diminuiu a expressão de outras respostas comportamentais, como a atenção defensiva e afuga orientada para a toca, promovendo, pois, um efeito anxiolítico e panicolítico. Ademais, a microinjeção de AM251 tendeu a abolir o efeito ansiolítico causado pelo tratamento crônico com CBD, potencializando as respostas defensivas diante de um predador natural. Tais resultados indicam que o CBD promove seu efeito farmacológico também mediante tratamento crônico, e que os receptores canabinoides do tipo CB1 do hipotálamo ventromedial parecem desmpenhar algum um papel nesse mecanismo de ação. / Evidence has shown that endocannabinoids and CB1 receptors are involved in several emotional disorders, including anxiety and depression. The endocannabinoid system and its interaction with other neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) has been the subject of several studies, since the increase in the activity of this system promotes anxiolytic and antidepressant responses. Some studies have shown that the ventromedial division of the hypothalamus modulates some defensive responses such as flight and tonic immobility, elicited by preys experiencing intense fear-like reactions when facing dangerous situations, as confrontation with a given predator. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic treatment for 21 days with cannabidiol (CBD) on the defensive responses displayed by guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), in the presence of a natural predator. We also studied the effect of intradiencephalic microinjection of AM251 (a CB1 receptor antagonist; 100pmol / 0.2?L), 6-PSC-I (TRPV1 ion channel antagonist; 9nmol / 0.2?L), or WAY- 100635 (antagonist 5- HT1A; 0.37nmol / 0.2?L) and their respective controls in different groups of mice after chronic treatment with cannabidiol on the defensive responses evoked in the presence of the predator. The results showed that although the chronic treatment with CBD attenuated tonic immobility response (IT) and other behavioural responses, such as defensive attention and oriented escape behaviour, promoting a significant anxiolytic and panicolytic effect. In addition, intra-hypothalamic microinjection of AM251 exert a potential impairment of the antipanic effect caused by chronic treatment with CBD, increasing the defensive responses displayed in the presence of the predator. These results indicate that the CBD also promotes its pharmacological effect upon chronic treatment, and that medial hypothalamus CB1 receptors seem to play a role in its mechanism of action.

Esta pesquisa em Arqueologia Histórica tem como finalidade contribuir para a compreensão das estratégias de defesa implantadas durante o período colonial no litoral sul fluminense, a fim de protegê-lo da ameaça de invasão estrangeira e do contrabando de ouro e de escravos, através da construção de fortificações e locais de observação em vários pontos dessa região. O trabalho em Ponta Leste é uma extensão da análise da distribuição espacial de fortificações realizada em Piraquara, uma enseada próxima à Angra dos Reis, por meio do Projeto: Área Arqueológica de Piraquara, Angra dos Reis, apoiado pela UERJ e financiado pela Eletronuclear, sob coordenação da arqueóloga Nanci Vieira de Oliveira. Nas etapas de campo em Ponta Leste foram identificadas estruturas defensivas semelhantes às que foram encontradas em Piraquara. Em ambos os casos, as baterias de pedra, armadas com canhões, tinham como função dificultar o desembarque e permitir à Vila de Angra dos Reis o tempo necessário para organizar sua defesa, em caso de ataque estrangeiro. Em Ponta Leste, além das pequenas estruturas defensivas, foi analisado o Forte do Leme, construído no início do século XX, com o objetivo de proteger a Baía da Ilha Grande. / This research in Historical Archaeology aims to add to the comprehension of the defensive strategies employed during the Colonial Era on Fluminense south coast. In order to protect it from the foreign invasion threat and from the gold and slaves smugglings, fortifications and observing places were built at many points in that region. The work in Ponta Leste is an extension of the analysis of fortifications distribution in Piraquara, a cove near Angra dos Reis, through the research project: Piraquara Archaeological Area, Angra dos Reis, supported by UERJ and financed by Eletronuclear, under the coordination of the archaeologist Nanci Vieira de Oliveira. During the field work in Ponta Leste, defensive structures very similar to the ones found in Piraquara were identified. In both cases, the stone batteries, armed with cannons, had the function to make landing difficult and to give to Vila de Angra dos Reis the time needed to organize its defensive system in the case of foreign attack. In Ponta Leste, besides small defensive structures, Forte do Leme has been analysed, which was built in the beginning of 20th century to protect Baía da Ilha Grande.

Submitted by Joel de Lima Pereira Castro Junior (joelpcastro@uol.com.br) on 2016-09-28T14:43:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra Bellas.pdf: 2237445 bytes, checksum: 0fcd4bfdc85441595e5f2cc7ee5ef123 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Administração e Ciências Contábeis (bac@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-09-30T16:04:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra Bellas.pdf: 2237445 bytes, checksum: 0fcd4bfdc85441595e5f2cc7ee5ef123 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T16:04:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra Bellas.pdf: 2237445 bytes, checksum: 0fcd4bfdc85441595e5f2cc7ee5ef123 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação objetiva verificar as relações existentes entre as percepções de justiça organizacional, especificamente da justiça distributiva, justiça processual e justiça interacional, e as estratégias defensivas utilizadas por funcionários de Instituições bancárias públicas e privadas nos Municípios de Niterói e do Rio de Janeiro. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa teve uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, de cunho explicativo, descritivo e exploratório, caracterizado pela survey. Os métodos de amostragem foram não probabilísticos, sendo utilizados a amostragem por julgamento e amostragem “bola de neve”. A amostra foi composta por 127 trabalhadores de instituições bancárias públicas e privadas, localizadas nos Municípios de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro, que responderam ao formulário de pesquisa com a escala de percepção de justiça organizacional (EPJO), e destes, sete sujeitos, selecionados a partir da análise de cluster, participantes da entrevista semiestruturada que abordou sobre a justiça organizacional e as estratégias defensivas. Os dados do formulário foram tratados por um conjunto de procedimentos estatísticos, contendo estatística descritiva e análise multivariada de dados com as técnicas de análise fatorial, regressão linear múltipla e análise de cluster. As respostas das entrevistas foram interpretadas com base na Análise de Conteúdo, cuja técnica específica foi a análise categorial. Os principais resultados foram: a percepção de uma justiça organizacional mediana (3,07) nas instituições bancárias, com diferença estatisticamente significativa para a dimensão da justiça procedimental entre público e privado; a confirmação do modelo tridimensional para a justiça organizacional; a validação da justiça organizacional como um fator de segunda ordem; a validação das dimensões da justiça distributiva, justiça procedimental e justiça interacional como escalas múltiplas; o modelo de regressão da justiça organizacional, formado pelas variáveis “gênero”, “tipo de controle”, “tempo de trabalho na empresa” e “escolaridade”, com uma preditibilidade de 4,6% da variância total; a estrutura de parcionamento apontando que um maior número de funcionários das instituições bancárias possui uma percepção menos positiva da justiça organizacional, em detrimento do quantitativo que a percebe como mais justa; as estratégias defensivas, como por exemplo, adequação profissional para bater metas, ligação para os amigos; desligamento do trabalho e transferência de área; e as categorias das estratégias defensivas mais frequentes na comparação entre público e privado, sendo, no setor privado o uso da defesa explorada, fundamentada na negação e no serviço público, a defesa protetora com base na racionalização. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que a maior problemática das organizações bancárias está relacionada à dimensão distributiva, seguida da procedimental e da interacional, e que há indícios de uma relação passível de interpretação entre as dimensões da justiça organizacional e os tipos de estratégias defensivas e suas categorias utilizadas pelos funcionários de instituições bancárias públicas e privadas. / This dissertation aims at verifying the relationships between organizational justice perceptions, specifically of distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice, and the defensive strategies used by employees of public and private banking institutions in the cities of Niterói and Rio de Janeiro. The methodology used has a quantitative and qualitative approach, is explanatory, descriptive and exploratory, characterized by the survey. The sampling methods were not probabilistic, trial and "snowball" sampling were used. The sample consisted of 127 employees of public and private bank institutions, located in the cities of Niteroi and Rio de Janeiro, who answered the survey form with the organizational justice perception scale (EPJO), and from these, seven subjects were selected using cluster analysis to participate in a semi-structured interview about organizational justice and defense strategies. Form data was treated by a set of statistical procedures, containing descriptive statistics and multivariate data analysis using factor analysis, multiple and linear regression and cluster analysis. The answers from the interviews were interpreted using Content analysis, more specifically the Categorical analysis technique. The main results were: the perception of a median organizational justice (3.07) in banking institutions, with a statistically significant difference in the extent of procedural fairness between public and private; the confirmation of the three-dimensional model for organizational justice; the validation of organizational justice as a factor of second order; validation of the dimensions of distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice as multiple scales; the regression model of organizational justice, formed by the variables "gender", "type of control", "working time in the company" and "education" with a predictability of 4.6% of the total variance; the partitioning structure in the cluster analysis pointing to a greater number of employees of banking institutions having a less positive perception of organizational justice, at the expense of the majority, who realize it as fairer; defensive strategies, such as professional suiting to achieve goals, calling a friend; disconnection from work and area transfer; and the most common defensive strategies categories when comparing public and private institutions, being, the use of explored defense based on denial and the protective defense based on rationalization, the most common strategies at private and public institutions respectively. Finally, it can be said that the biggest problem of banking organizations is related to the distributive dimension, followed by procedural and interactional, and there is evidence of a relationship, open to interpretation, between the dimensions of organizational justice and the types of defensive strategies and their categories used by the staff of public and private banking institutions.

本論文以守勢現實主義的論點，觀察中共建構「中美新型大國關係」的相關作為，證明中共自冷戰後期以來，是以尋求防禦為主的國家。同時，近年中共領導人提出中美新型大國關係的倡議，符合以「溝通合作」和「維持現況」為主的守勢現實主義論述，以應對美國重返亞太政策，並藉此消除「中國威脅論」與「修昔底德陷阱」的疑慮，為中共創造出安全的國家發展空間。 針對守勢現實主義的論述，本論文設訂「溝通合作」、「維持現況」與「威脅平衡」三個項目，作為驗證中共對美外交政策的指標。同時，分別針對「中美軍事交流」、「南海問題」與「臺灣問題」三個熱點案例予以探討，以中共具體的作為加以驗證。最終發現依據守勢現實主義的觀點，可由先前設定的三個指標，來解釋中共現行推動「中美新型大國關係」的相關作為，符合守勢現實主義的論點。 最後，本文得到的結論是：一、中共推動中美新型大國關係可避免安全困境的發生。二、中共建構中美新型大國關係訴求維持現況的局面。三、中美新型大國關係下的臺灣問題易邊緣化。四、中美新型大國關係下的兩軍關係是未來發展重點。 / This dissertation, based on the arguments of defensive realism, observes China's efforts to construct "a new type of great power relations between China and the United States," and proves that China has been seeking a defense-oriented country since the end of the Cold War. In recent years, the Chinese leaders proposed the new type of great power relations between China and the United States, defensive realism based on "communication and cooperation" and "maintaining the status quo" in response to the United States policy of returning to the Asia-Pacific region and thereby eliminating the "China threat theory" and " Thucydides trap "suspicions for China to create a safe space for national development. In view of defensive realism, this article sets three items of "communication and cooperation", "maintaining the status quo" and "threat balance" as the indicators to verify China's foreign policy toward the United States. Three cases of "Sino-US military exchange", "South China Sea issue" and "Taiwan issue" were explored. Finally, according to the viewpoint of defensive realism, the three indicators set beforehand can be used to explain the relevant current China's efforts to promote the " new type of great power relations ," and to conform to defensive realism. Finally, the conclusion of this article is: First, China's promotion of the relations between the new type of great powers can avoid the security dilemma. Second, the new-type relations between China and the United States appeal to maintain the status quo. Third, the Taiwan issue under the relations between the new big powers of China and the United States is easily marginalized. Fourth, the relations between the two armies under the relations between the new great powers of China and the United States are the focus of future development.

The purpose of this thesis is to determine if there are any significant abnormal returns arising when companies announces an upcoming rights offering on the Stockholm exchange. The thesis also considers possible reasons as to why the market react in different ways by examining the offerings’ underlying motives. The thesis adopts a quantitative approach, implemented by adeductive strategy. An event study has been used to study the market movements throughout the RO-announcement. The abnormal return is calculated according to the CAR-model which is later tested for its significance. A multiple linear regression is conducted in order to discover relations between the abnormal return and different independent variables. The main frame of theoretical reference is the Signalling Hypothesis as well as the Efficient Market Hypothesis. The study is also inspired by previous research on the subject, all of which are presented in the chapter. These include both recent and older studies on both American, Asian and European markets. Results conclude a significant negative abnormal return during the event window. There is a significant relationship between the underlying motive of the rights offerings and its abnormal return. However, no significant relationship can be stated between the frequency of the rights offering and its abnormal return. Underlying motive and frequency of RO’s explain theabnormal return by 10,11%.

Le XVIe siècle qui voit l'expansion de l'empire ottoman en Méditerranée orientale, propulse la petite bourgade d'Alger au rang de capitale de Régence et bastion militaire de la Porte Sublime, sur les côtes du Maghreb, face à l'hégémonie de l'empire espagnol. Les Ottomans qui la transforment en ville guerrière, lui créent un port artificiel, la dotent de nouveaux remparts et établissent autour d'elle, un réseau de points de fortification, qui quadrille le territoire et contrôle la province. Entre 1516 et 1830, Alger qui est surnommée al Maḥrūssa (la bien gardée), reste imprenable par la mer. Son souci permanent de protection se traduit par un renforcement et un entretien continuels de ses fortifications. Cet essai qui ne prétend qu'à une contribution au vaste champ de recherche d'un corpus inédit, est une enquête sur une architecture totalement inexplorée, sur la base d'archives et de relevés in situ. L'exploration des archives du Génie militaire français, constituant une source fondamentale en grande partie inédite, servira à la restitution de la structure défensive de la province d'Alger. L'intérêt de ce travail réside principalement dans l'identification des typologies constructive et architecturale militaires d'Alger ottoman, qui permettent de cerner la culture constructive de guerre ottomane en Afrique du Nord. / The 16th century which saw the expansion of the ottoman empire in Eastern Mediterranean, propels the small town of Algiers to the rank of capital of Regency and military bastion of the Sublime Porte, on the Maghreb coast, facing the hegemony of the Spanish empire. The Ottomans who transform it into city Warrior, creates an artificial port, equipped with new ramparts and establish around it, a network of points of fortification, which quadrille the territory and supervise the province. Between 1516 and 1830, Algiers which is called al Maḥrūssa (well kept), remains impregnable by the sea. Its permanent concern for protection is to show the strengthened and continual maintenance of its fortifications. This essay claiming to a contribution to the vast field of research of an unpublished corpus is an investigation into a totally unexplored architecture, on the basis of archives and records in situ. The exploration of the archives of the French military engineering, constituting a fundamental source largely unpublished, will serve as the return of the defensive structure of the province of Algiers. The interest of this work lies mainly in the identification of the military constructive typologies and architectural of ottoman Algiers, which identify the constructive culture of Ottoman war in North Africa.

The purpose of this study was to explore and understand school-based teacher unionism by conducting an empirical analysis of the views and experiences of stakeholder groups in a Gauteng district. Participants saw the role of teacher unions at school level as being the protection of their members. Principals and SGB members and some SMT members thought school based unions protected teachers from being disciplined. Defending of teachers or members was seen as one of the most important roles of teacher unions. This was seen as important because it will ensure that the rights of teachers are not trampled upon especially by school principals. While school principals recognised the rights of union members to join union and the right of unions to organise in the schools they thought that they were unduly and wrongly defending bad teachers. This article also argues that principals were never adequately trained on how to manage union existence at schools. Most participants thought that the role, responsibility and right of teacher unions at school level could not be overlooked. However they still felt that this was emphasised over the rights of other stakeholder groups in the schools especially the learners. Principal and teacher participants, most notably SADTU members, expressed dissatisfaction with their union and did not seem to think that it plays a constructive role in schools. It is argued in this article that teachers’ unions play a role in schools and that this role is either positive or negative. This article is based on my research of school based teacher unionism in one Gauteng district. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

In recent years, Japan has shifted its security policy towards something we could call an "active pacifism". It can be noted for an increasing engagement of Japan Self-Defense Forces in multilateral operations and an effort to assume a position of a responsible member of the international community and an ally of the USA regarding the keeping of peace and security not only in the region, but also in a global scope. If Japan is, however, an actor whose goal is the maximisation of its own security, the exacerbation of its Self-Defense Forces could be perceived negatively by its neighbour states and its impacts could thus be counterproductive. The thesis applies the theoretical movement of defensive realism on this issue and on its basis, it evaluates the rationality of Japanese security policy, especially of active pacifism.

Tracking Internet users is one of the most controversial and discussed IT topic nowadays. Except of the publicly known tracking by marketing agencies, there even appeared secret methods of surface monitoring of USA population. Because, as shown in this thesis, majority of existing tools for defence against tracking on the Internet are cooperating with trackers, the goal of this thesis is to develop independent defend tool that would block tracking. After mentioning the motivation for tracking and its history there are analysed all known and widespread tracking methods in detail. The two following sections of the thesis are describing the world biggest companies performing the user tracking and their tools and options to defend against each method of tracking by available defensive tools. The practical part of the thesis contains the description, example of usage and manual for developed defensive tool, that protects users on the Internet against the most widespread tracking methods by restricting communication with suspicious 3-rd party servers.