This work is an exploratory and descriptive qualitative research that had as its main goal to understand how workers of health in oncology develop their professional practice with patients according to their perspectives of pleasure, suffering and defensive strategies. Nine workers of a High Complexity Oncology Center health team participate in this study. A questionnaire for social demographic evaluation and semistructured interviews were applied for data collection. Data was processed using content analysis. Regarding the results, 90% of workers are females, married, around 35 years old, have no children, but hold a college degree and have been working in the field between one and five years. The majority, 77%, of the interviewed workers chose to work in this field. When asked about pleasure, they indicate that it is related to the patients wellbeing, the importance of their job, recognition and organization. Regarding the suffering, the interviewees pointed out the following: fear of becoming ill (related to the diseases issues), becoming contaminated, to make a mistake in their procedure, difficulty of working with children, teenagers and elder patients, not be able of fulfilling the patients expectations such as curing, saving or improving their clinical conditions, intensive working hours, work overload, patients with late diagnosis, no previous or continuous care in the patients cities, as well as economic and operational difficulties to have access to proper treatment in some cases. Among the defensive strategies used by the workers are individual actions and team work. For instance, individual preventive strategies are: time away from the work environment, not become involved affectively with the patients and to have recognition for their work. Team work strategies include: group meetings as well as support from friends and family. In this sense, to understand the health workers experiences, mainly in oncology, is important to make positive interventions while organizing the process and their work. / Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva que teve como objetivo compreender como os trabalhadores de saúde vivenciam sua prática profissional com pacientes oncológicos, na perspectiva do prazer, sofrimento e estratégias defensivas. Participaram do estudo nove trabalhadores da equipe de saúde de um Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Para o tratamento dos dados foi realizada análise de conteúdo. Quanto aos resultados, 90% dos trabalhadores é do sexo feminino; casada; sem filhos; idade média de 35 anos; todos com ensino superior completo; tempo de serviço entre um e cinco anos e 77% escolheu trabalhar no setor. Quanto ao prazer, este se relaciona ao bem estar dos pacientes, à função que exerce; ao reconhecimento do trabalho realizado e relacionado à organização do trabalho. Quanto ao sofrimento, os trabalhadores de saúde apontaram o medo de adoecer (associado ao estigma da doença), de se contaminar ou errar alguma conduta; dificuldade de conviver com crianças, adolescentes e idosos adoecidos; não corresponder à expectativa do paciente em termos de curá-lo, salvá-lo ou promover a melhora do quadro clínico; carga horária massante e número de trabalhadores aquém do necessário; pacientes com diagnósticos tardios e a falta de cuidado dos municípios de origem e as dificuldades econômico-operacionais de alguns pacientes para acesso ao tratamento. Quanto às estratégias defensivas utilizadas pelos trabalhadores, destacam-se aquelas elaboradas individual e coletivamente pelos trabalhadores. Entre elas são identificadas como individuais: o afastamento do cotidiano laboral, o não envolvimento afetivo com os pacientes e a valorização do trabalho que desempenham. Com relação às coletivas, destacam-se: a necessidade de encontros grupais e o convívio com amigos e familiares. Desse modo, compreender as vivências dos trabalhadores da área oncológica é importante para possibilitar intervenções na organização do processo de trabalho.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-10T15:53:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AronDeMirandaHenriquesAlves_TESE.pdf: 2139619 bytes, checksum: 54285e7e9d5391a21bf97d42a9b9afaa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-12T10:50:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AronDeMirandaHenriquesAlves_TESE.pdf: 2139619 bytes, checksum: 54285e7e9d5391a21bf97d42a9b9afaa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T10:50:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AronDeMirandaHenriquesAlves_TESE.pdf: 2139619 bytes, checksum: 54285e7e9d5391a21bf97d42a9b9afaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Os objetivos desta tese foram os de investigar padr?es comportamentais e eletrofisiol?gicos associados ? resili?ncia e suscetibilidade ao estresse social induzido em camundongos. Para isso, utilizamos um protocolo de indu??o de estresse cr?nico cont?nuo a partir de derrotas sociais baseado no paradigma residente-intruso. Os resultados da tese s?o apresentados em dois estudos. No primeiro estudo, camundongos C57BL/6J submetidos a epis?dios repetidos de derrota social apresentaram motiva??o tardia para interagir com um camundongo desconhecido em sess?es prolongadas (10 min) do teste de intera??o social. Utilizando uma abordagem etol?gica associada ? an?lise computacional de v?deos foi poss?vel rastrear precisamente a posi??o dos camundongos durante a realiza??o de comportamentos de investiga??o social. Analisamos ainda a express?o detalhada de comportamentos defensivos, tais como investiga??o em postura estendida e fugas, ambos associados ao comportamento de investiga??o social. A partir dessas an?lises demonstramos que a realiza??o do comportamento de investiga??o social em postura estendida era significativamente maior para o grupo derrotado comparado ao grupo controle. Ainda, um subgrupo de camundongos derrotados apresentou investiga??o social em postura estendida de forma persistente e sem habitua??o. Utilizando uma medida da dist?ncia de investiga??o durante as investiga??es sociais calculamos um ?ndice de aproxima??o (IA) para cada animal e separamos um subgrupo apresentando fen?tipo relacionado ? ansiedade. A incid?ncia de fugas tamb?m foi maior no grupo derrotado em compara??o com os controles. A persist?ncia na ocorr?ncia desse comportamento foi observada em um subgrupo de camundongos submetidos ?s derrotas sociais. Calculamos ent?o um ?ndice de fugas (IF) que se correlacionou inversamente com a prefer?ncia por sacarose, sendo ?til para identificar animais aned?nicos. No segundo estudo, foram combinados an?lise etol?gica e registros eletrofisiol?gicos com tetrodos na ?rea tegmentar ventral de camundongos submetidos ? derrotas sociais. Utilizando crit?rios eletrofisiol?gicos e farmacol?gicos classificamos unidades na ?rea tegmentar ventral como supostos neur?nios dopamin?rgicos e n?o-dopamin?rgicos. Durante o comportamento de investiga??o social foi observado que a modula??o da taxa de disparo dessas subpopula??es neuronais distintas ocorreu de maneira oposta em animais suscet?veis e resilientes ao estresse social. Em suma, propomos que sess?es prolongadas associadas ? an?lise etol?gica detalhada durante os testes de intera??o social podem prover informa??o para classifica??o de camundongos em resilientes e suscept?veis ap?s repetidas derrotas sociais. Ainda, a express?o do fen?tipo suscet?vel parece estar associada ao comprometimento do sistema dopamin?rgico mesol?mbico na atribui??o de valor de incentivo ?s intera??es sociais normalmente associadas ao aumento da atividade neuronal mesol?mbica. / The aims of this thesis were to investigate behavioral and electrophysiological patterns associated to resilience and susceptibility to social stress in mice. For this, we used a chronic social defeat stress protocol based on the resident-intruder paradigm. The results are presented here in two studies. In the first study, C57BL/6J mice submitted to repeated social defeat episodes showed delayed motivation to interact with an unfamiliar conspecific in long duration (10 min) sessions of the social interaction test. By using an ethological approach combined with computational video analysis, it was possible to track precisely the mouse position during social investigation behavior performance. With that approach, it was analyzed the detailed expression of defensive behaviors, such as stretched attended postures and flights, both associated to social investigation behaviors. From these analyzes, it was demonstrated that social investigation behaviors based on stretched attend postures were significantly higher in defeated mice in comparison to controls. Still, a subpopulation of defeated mice showed persistently and non-habituating stretched attend postures during social investigation. By using a measure based on the investigation distance during social investigations, it was possible to compute an approach index (AI) to each animal and separate a subpopulation showing an anxiety-related phenotype. The flight incidence was also increased in defeated group as compared with controls. The persistent occurrence of this behavior was observed in a subpopulation of defeated mice. We calculated a flight index (FI) that inversely correlated with sucrose preference, showing to be useful to identify anhedonic animals. In the second study, we combined ethological approach and electrophysiological recordings in the ventral tegmental area of mice submitted to chronic social defeat stress. By using electrophysiological and pharmacological criteria, single-units recorded from the ventral tegmental area were classified as putative dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons. During the social investigation behavior it was observed that firing rate modulations of distinct neuronal subpopulations occurred in opposite manner in social defeat susceptible and resilient mice. In summary, this work proposes that longer sessions of the social interaction test associated to ethological approach can provide information for the behavioral classifications of resilient and susceptible mice after social defeat stress. Furthermore, the expression of susceptible phenotype could be related to the midbrain dopaminergic system impairment in the incentive value assignment to social interactions normally associated with increased mesolimbic neuronal activity.

O presente trabalho visa analisar a política externa da União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS) no período de 1917 a 1985. Até 1953, a política da URSS caracterizou-se como defensiva: buscava, em meio a um período de profunda crise do sistema capitalista, evitar as invasões a seu território, objetivando a modernização acelerada não apenas para integrar o país ao mundo produtivo e industrializado, como para também ter condições materiais de defender-se e de combater os inimigos em caso de guerra. No período posterior a 1953, o status de grande potência e líder do bloco socialista marcou um novo capítulo na história da política externa soviética – isso porque obterá um caráter mais reativo, em decorrência de um novo contexto internacional, que se estruturava na competição intersistêmica do bloco capitalista e socialista, como exposto por Fred Halliday. A URSS atuou no intuito de promover aliados e parcerias, especialmente no Terceiro Mundo. Dessa forma, como um todo, a URSS acabou por também promover uma política de coexistência pacífica contra o imperialismo, impulsionando uma mudança qualitativa nas relações de poder para as relações internacionais. / This study aims to analyze the foreign policy of the USSR in the period from 1917 to 1985. Until 1953, the policy of the USSR was known as defensive, as sought in the midst of a period of profound crisis of the capitalist system, prevent intrusions into its territory, seeking accelerated modernization not only in order to integrate the country into productive and industrialized world, but also to be able to defend material conditions and fight enemies in case of war. After 1953, the status of great power and leader of the socialist bloc marked a new chapter in the history of soviet foreign policy, giving a more reactive perspective to its actions as a result of a new international environment: the intersystem competition among the capitalist bloc and the socialist bloc, as exposed by Fred Halliday. Thus, the USSR acts in order to promote partnerships and allies, especially in the Third World. Thus, as a whole, the USSR also ends up promoting a policy of peaceful coexistence, against imperialism, driving a qualitative shift in power relations to international relations.

O presente trabalho visa analisar a política externa da União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS) no período de 1917 a 1985. Até 1953, a política da URSS caracterizou-se como defensiva: buscava, em meio a um período de profunda crise do sistema capitalista, evitar as invasões a seu território, objetivando a modernização acelerada não apenas para integrar o país ao mundo produtivo e industrializado, como para também ter condições materiais de defender-se e de combater os inimigos em caso de guerra. No período posterior a 1953, o status de grande potência e líder do bloco socialista marcou um novo capítulo na história da política externa soviética – isso porque obterá um caráter mais reativo, em decorrência de um novo contexto internacional, que se estruturava na competição intersistêmica do bloco capitalista e socialista, como exposto por Fred Halliday. A URSS atuou no intuito de promover aliados e parcerias, especialmente no Terceiro Mundo. Dessa forma, como um todo, a URSS acabou por também promover uma política de coexistência pacífica contra o imperialismo, impulsionando uma mudança qualitativa nas relações de poder para as relações internacionais. / This study aims to analyze the foreign policy of the USSR in the period from 1917 to 1985. Until 1953, the policy of the USSR was known as defensive, as sought in the midst of a period of profound crisis of the capitalist system, prevent intrusions into its territory, seeking accelerated modernization not only in order to integrate the country into productive and industrialized world, but also to be able to defend material conditions and fight enemies in case of war. After 1953, the status of great power and leader of the socialist bloc marked a new chapter in the history of soviet foreign policy, giving a more reactive perspective to its actions as a result of a new international environment: the intersystem competition among the capitalist bloc and the socialist bloc, as exposed by Fred Halliday. Thus, the USSR acts in order to promote partnerships and allies, especially in the Third World. Thus, as a whole, the USSR also ends up promoting a policy of peaceful coexistence, against imperialism, driving a qualitative shift in power relations to international relations.

Lesões na parte ventral do núcleo anteromedial do tálamo (AMv) interferem no processamento da memória aversiva predatória sem no entanto influenciar as respostas de defesa inatas do animal frente a um predador. O escopo deste trabalho foi entender melhor o papel do AMv e investigar se seus alvos de projeção corticais também interferem no processamento da memória aversiva. No primeiro experimento detectamos que o AMv participa da aquisição da memória aversiva. As áreas corticais pré-límbica, cingulada anterior, visual anteromedial e retroesplenial ventral, recebem e integram entre si projeções oriundas do AMv, além de enviar projeções para a amígdala e hipocampo. Estas áreas corticais estão seletivamente recrutadas durante a exposição ao predador, e observamos que lesões neuroquímicas afetaram severamente a formação da memória aversiva. Nossos dados sugerem que há um circuito de áreas corticais que está criticamente envolvido no processo mnemônico aqui abordado, e fornece as primeiras evidências para a hipótese de módulos corticais a partir do conectoma do rato. / Neurochemical lesions placed into ventral part of anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AMv) disrupt contextual, but not innate, fear responses to predatory threats. In the present investigation, we determined whether the AMv is involved in the acquisition and/or retrieval of the conditioned responses, and if its cortical targets are involved in the fear memory processing. In the first assay, we found that AMv has a critical role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. The cortical areas prelimbic (PL), anterior cingulate area (ACA), anteromedial visual area (VISam) and the ventral part of retrosplenial area (RSPv), receive projections from AMv and are recruited during predator exposure. The integrity of these cortical areas is required for the processing of the mnemonic processes here addressed. Our data corroborate current ideas on functional cortical modules, and help to elucidate how they are involved in the acquisition of fear memories related to life threatening situations.

A análise de jogo é uma área de recente história acadêmica na qual ainda predominam investigações de caráter exploratório, o que se pode observar na literatura pela grande variedade de abordagens adotadas. Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia fundamentada na representação do status da relação de oposição entre as equipes para o estudo da circulação da bola em diferentes situações da fase ofensiva. Essa representação contemplou parâmetros essenciais das situações de jogo: as condições espaciais, temporais e técnico-táticas das ações ofensivas. A principal referência espacial utilizada foi o conceito de espaço de ocupação defensiva (EOD). A dinâmica das situações foi apreendida mediante a ordenação temporal das ações permitindo identificar encadeamentos de ações ofensivas espaço temporalmente estruturadas na forma de padrões. Esses padrões foram pré-concebidos para atender às diferentes possibilidades de circulação da bola em relação ao EOD. Uma analise das características da circulação da bola na fase ofensiva em equipes européias de altíssimo nível competitivo foi realizada como forma de explorar as potencialidades e limitações dessa metodologia / Match analysis is a recent academic research field in which exploratory investigations still predominate. One can see that in literature by the broad range of adopted approaches. In this work is presented a methodology grounded in the representation of oppositional relation status to the study of ball circulation in different situations of offensive phase. This representation considered essential parameters of match situations: spatial, temporal and technical-tactical conditions of offensive actions. The main spatial reference adopted was the concept of space of defensive occupation (SDO). The situations dynamics was captured trough the temporal ordering of actions allowing the recognition of chains of offensive actions spacetemporally structured in form of patterns. These patterns were pre-conceived to encompass the possible different ways of ball circulation in relation to the SDO. An analysis of ball circulation characteristics in the offensive phase of very high level European teams was conducted to explore the potentialities and limitations of this methodology

Analysis of the secondary defensive mechanisms, considering psychoanalytic theories of a intrapsychic conflict, is the goal of this thesis. The thesis focuses on contemporary approaches and concepts to secondary defensive mechanisms with theoretical and observational point of view. Repression is considered to be the basis of the secondary defensive mechanisms. Afterwards the thesis focuses on work of Sigmund Freud with respect to his articulation of defense, repression and defensive mechanism in accordance with psychoanalytic theory of conflict, changing over time. Anna Freud and revision of structural model by Charles Brenner are also mentioned. The emphasis is put on conflicts of oedipal period with respect to research project. Afterwards the thesis focuses on attempts to experimentally demonstrate repression considering defects. The research project is the replication and relates to repression of incestuous story concerning grammar school students. Keywords defensive mechanisms, repression, defense, intrapsychic conflict, structural model, Oedipal complex

This thesis examines the applicability of culminations theory in a guerrilla context. In battle, a crucial factor is to assess who has superior strength. Culmination theory is a central concept in conventional warfare, could the same theory support the analysis of guerrilla warfare?Previous research tends to focus on the results of guerrilla wars. By using the concept of culmination this research attempts to determine, by assessing the battle, whether the guerrilla reached the point of culmination and by that evaluate the applicability of culmination theory in guerrilla warfare.The research design consists of a two-case study to analyse the LTTE and Daesh and thereby highlight culmination theory’s applicability on guerrillas. Written documents are used as sources of empirical data for the two-case study. The result of the survey shows that LTTE and Daesh reached their defensive point of culmination and that culmination theory is generalizable in a similar guerrilla context.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of driver education and practice safe, dangerous and aggressive driving. The aim is to map the issue of safe and defensive driving and define the principles of defensive driving. The first part deals with the theory of defensive driving, which analyzes psychologically and legally sides of that problem. Another part deals with road safety, which is described in the context of direct and indirect indicators of road safety. The research then analyzes in detail the specific situation on the road that leads to accidents. This analysis is performed on based data of real accidents. Of particular situations accidents are then defined the principles of defensive driving.

This thesis compares the use of different tactical variants in the defence game of Floorball teams of both Czech and Finnish elite competitions. The aim of the thesis is to map and compare the use of defensive game systems. The theoretical part is devoted to comparing the history and the present of Floorball in the Czech Republic and Finland. In this part, the thesis also deals with sports training, game performance, and tactical training and describes the individual Floorball game systems and the sport itself. In the practical part, observations are used to evaluate, which defensive game systems are most often chosen by the selected teams. The use of game systems was investigated using the method of indirect structured observation and quantitative research. The output is of the thesis are annotated results of the individual matches. KEYWORDS: floorball, defensive game systems, Finland, Czech Republic, Superliga, F-Liiga