This study examined the degree and frequency to which school counselors' utilized accountability measures and deliberate practice and their impact on perceived levels of counselor self-efficacy, as well as, perceived levels of student academic success. This study attempted to answer several critical questions regarding school counselor accountability and deliberate practice. It assessed the relationship between receipt of formal training in the American School Counseling Association Model (ASCA) or another counseling model and likelihood of using ASCA principles, the relationship between years of work experience and use of accountability measures and deliberate practice, the relationship between use of accountability measures and deliberate practice on perceived levels of counselor self-efficacy, and the relationship between use of accountability measures and deliberate practice on perceived levels of student academic success; that is the degree to which counselors' believe their services impact students' outcomes. This study included a national sample of 1,084 currently practicing school counselors who were members of ASCA and responded to a web-based survey on school counselor practices. Three of the four hypotheses were either partially or fully supported and one hypothesis was unsupported by the findings. The first hypothesis was fully supported in that participants who received formal ASCA training were found to be more likely to implement ASCA principles (accountability measures and deliberate practice) on a regular basis. The second hypothesis was unsupported by the findings, which indicated years of accumulative school counseling experience would be positively associated with use of ASCA principles. The third hypothesis was partially supported in that, years of work experience and use of accountability measures would be positively associated with increased levels of perceived self-efficacy, while deliberate practice was found to have no relationship with perceived levels of self-efficacy. The fourth hypothesis was fully supported by the findings in that an inverse relationship was found between years of work experience and student outcomes and a positive relationship existed between use of accountability measures and deliberate practice and student outcomes. Limitations to this study include lack of generalizability, self-reporting, and missing data. The findings of this study can only be generalized to working school counselors who work at the K-12 level. Additionally, self-reporting was a limitation due to bias and missing data is a limitation due to participants agreeing to participate, starting the survey, but failing to complete the entire survey. Suggestions for future research include conducting other national surveys that incorporate questions asking participants how long they have been following a national counseling framework and if they believe utilizing these ASCA principles improves their work performance. Other future suggestions included conducting studies on the best way to train counselors to use ASCA principles in order to enhance their work performance. Lastly, future studies need to be conducted in order to determine which interventions elicit the most positive outcomes for students to achieve academic excellence. This study also provided contributions to the field of counseling. Results of this study provide insight for working school counselors, counselor education programs, and professional associations regarding the beliefs of school counselors pertaining to the impact that utilizing accountability measures and deliberate practice have on perceived levels of counselor self-efficacy, as well as, perceived levels of student outcomes.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjami įmonių bankroto analizės ir prognozavimo priimant investicinius sprendimus ypatumai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje yra analizuojami investicijų ir investavimo ypatumai, išskiriant investicijų formas ir pateikiant jų klasifikaciją bei įtaką šalies įmonėms. Antroje darbo dalyje atskleidžiama bankroto esmė, analizuojamos jo atsiradimo priežastys ir požymiai, pateikiama Lietuvos įmonių bankrotų ir tyčinių bankrotų apžvalga bei analizuojama bankroto prognozavimo svarba ir prevenciniai prognozavimo metodai. Trečiojoje dalyje atliekamas praktinis šalies statybų sektoriaus įmonių vertinimas UAB „Telvalda“ ir UAB „Mažeiva“ pavyzdžiu. Šioje dalyje išskirti ir įvertinti įmonių išorės – vidaus aplinkos veiksniai, įvertinta veiklos struktūra ir turto bei nuosavo kapitalo įtaka pelnui (nuostoliui), pateikta santykinių finansinių rodiklių analizė ir įvertinta statybos sektoriaus įmonių bankroto tikimybė. Darbą sudaro 5 dalys: įvadas, teorinė dalis, UAB „Telvalda“ ir UAB „Mažeiva“ bankroto tikimybės analizė, išvados ir siūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 86 p. teksto be priedų, 35 pav., 19 lent., 75 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / This final Master thesis analyses the corporate bankruptcy and forecasting in making investment decisions. The first part of the work presents the analysis of investments and investment characteristics, highlighting the investment forms and presenting their classification and their influence on the country's businesses. The second part of the work reveals the essence of bankruptcy, and analyzes its causes and symptoms, presents the overview of the Lithuanian corporate bankruptcies and fraudulent bankruptcy and analysis of the importance of bankruptcy forecasting, and preventive methods of forecasting. The third part contains the practical assessment of the national companies in the construction sector based on the cases of UAB Telvalda and UAB Mažeiva. This section identifies and assesses the company's external – internal environmental factors, evaluates the operational structure and performance, impact of assets and equity on profit (loss), presents the analysis of relative financial indicators and evaluates the bankruptcy likelihood of companies in the construction industry. The work consists of 5 parts: introduction, theoretical part, bankruptcy probability analysis of UAB Telvalda and UAB Mažeiva, conclusions and recommendations, references. Volume of the work – 86 pages of text without annexes, 35 figures, 19 tables, 75 bibliographical sources. Supplements to the work are attached separately.

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders amongst students, has increased, and foremost amongst girls. One way to regulate their emotions, is by deliberate self-harm. Due to their profession, school nurses have the ability to detect self-harm amongst students, and can therefor give them a good professional support. AIM: The aim of this study is to describe the school nurse's experience of deliberate self-harm amongst students. METHOD: The study is based on thirteen interviews with school nurses, via e-mail. The e-mails were then analyzed with an inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Four major categories were identified; how the pupil handles a feeling, different ways to identify, the signification of cooperation and the pupil need optimum support. The school nurse usually identifies deliberate self-harm at open reception and in healthcare conversations. A majority of the school nurses had unsatisfactory experiences when cooperating with child and adolescent psychiatric, and when cooperating with social services. CONCLUSION: School nurses need to be educated in deliberate self-harm amongst students; and guidance for all school nurses when in contact with student who self-harm themselves should be mandatory. Cooperation between social services, the school and child and adolescent psychiatric need to develop further. / BAKGRUND: Psykisk ohälsa bland elever har ökat och främst bland flickor. Ett sätt att hantera starka känslor kan vara genom självskada. Skolsköterskan är bland annat den profession som kan upptäcka självskadebeteende bland elever och därigenom ge stöd. SYFTE: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skolsköterskors erfarenheter när det gäller elever med självskadebeteende. METOD: Tretton mejlintervjusvar från skolsköterskor som analyserats utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. RESULTAT: Fyra kategorier identifierades, att eleven hanterar upplevd känsla, att identifiering kan ske via olika forum, att samarbete är betydelsefullt och att eleven behöver optimalt stöd. Skolsköterskorna pekar på att självskadebeteendet är ett sätt att reglerar känslor men även att söka och få bekräftelse. Skolsköterskan identifierar ofta självskadebeteende på den öppna mottagningen eller vid hälsosamtalet. Externt samarbete menar mer än hälften av skolsköterskorna har brister och då i samarbetet med Barn och ungdomspsykiatrin (BUP) samt socialtjänst. Samarbete med föräldrar är något som skolsköterskan ser som viktigt. När inte skolans resurser angående stöd är tillräckligt söks stöd externt för eleven. SLUTSATS: Skolsköterskor behöver utbildning kring elever med självskadebeteende. Handledning för alla skolsköterskor i psykisk ohälsa borde vara obligatoriskt. Elevhälsa, BUP och socialtjänst behöver utveckla ett fungerande samarbete.

Introduction: In Pakistan there is dearth of research on deliberate self-harm (DSH) and its predictors among adolescents. While the lack of research in Pakistan can be partly attributed to the sacrilegious status, criminalization and stigmatization attached to DSH, it is also an attribute of paucity of Urdu versions of the standardized psychological instruments. Previous research in developed countries has indicated that attachment theory can be used as a useful framework to understand the development of austere psychopathologies like DSH, as well as for studying pathways of interaction of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors of psychopathologies. In this study, standardized psychological instruments are translated into Urdu language as a first step. These instruments are then used to study pathways of interaction of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors of DSH, conceptualized within attachment framework. Method: The study was conducted in two steps. In step 1, Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey (YHRB), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32 (IIP-32) and Significant Others Scale (SOS), were translated into Urdu language. Along with these scales, Urdu translated versions of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire (ARSQ), Life Events scale (LES) from CASE questionnaire and Family Affluence Scale-II (FAS-II) were reviewed for accuracy of translation through expert judgement and psychometric evaluation. Secondly, a cross sectional survey was conducted with 1290 adolescents (10 - 19 years age) using the translated Urdu versions of the instruments and demographic pro forma. Structural equation modelling was used to study the pathways of associations between predictors of DSH. Results: The extensive process of translation resulted in establishment of semantic, content, technical and construct equivalence of the translated instruments with the original English versions. Multiple imputation was performed to account for missing values in SPSS 20. Important structural adaptations were made in the scales based on factor analyses conducted in M plus. After modifications, all scales showed satisfactory CFI (≥ 0.90) and RMSEA (≤ 0.06). Results of the survey indicated that the prevalence of DSH (with, without and ambivalent suicidal intentions) was 7%. Two SEM models were constructed involving both mediation and moderation pathways. Results of Model 1 showed association of attachment with DSH was double mediated by social support, depression and anxiety. Model 2 also confirmed association of attachment with DSH with double mediation through relationship style problems, depression and anxiety. In order to understand the contextual picture of the concepts studied in this research both SEM models were also constructed by controlling for demographic factors. This resulted in confirming age, gender and family affluence as significant contributors but with very small effects. Discussion and conclusion: In the present study translation of the instruments helped in building a reservoir for future research. The results of translation and validation of instruments indicated that cultural differences, language needs and age must be accounted for while using standardized psychological instruments. Taking into consideration specific cultural and demographic background of Pakistan, this study also confirms the key role of attachment in influencing interaction of predictors of DSH. It is suggested that intrapersonal and interpersonal factors are influential points of intervention for designing clinical, school and community based awareness and prevention programs for DSH. The thesis also discusses the implications for policy guidelines along with recommendations for future research and other applications of the study.

O presente trabalho avaliou a aplicabilidade do modelo de guias de execução de Roger Chaffin como estratégia para a memorização do segundo movimento da sonata para piano nº 2 de Dmitri Shostakovich. Foi realizado uma autorreflexão sobre o processo de aprendizagem no qual a própria autora é o sujeito do estudo. A metodologia incluiu o registro escrito das sessões de estudo, gravações em áudio e vídeo das apresentações públicas, confecção de planilhas e gráficos da ocorrência de falhas nas apresentações assim como a elaboração de outras estratégias para memorizar trechos específicos. Os resultados demonstram que o estudo deliberado apoiado nos recursos utilizados contribuiu para a recuperação da memória na execução. / The present dissertation evaluated the applicability of Roger Chaffin´s performance cues as a strategy for the memorization of the Second Movement of Shostakovich’s Second Piano Sonata. A case study was conducted in which the author is the subject of the study. The methodology included the written record of the practice sessions, audio and video recordings of public performances, use of spreadsheets and graphs showing memory failures during public performances, as well as the development of other strategies to memorize specific passages of the chosen work. The results show that deliberate practice supported by the selected resources contributed to the memory retrieval while playing.

O presente trabalho avaliou a aplicabilidade do modelo de guias de execução de Roger Chaffin como estratégia para a memorização do segundo movimento da sonata para piano nº 2 de Dmitri Shostakovich. Foi realizado uma autorreflexão sobre o processo de aprendizagem no qual a própria autora é o sujeito do estudo. A metodologia incluiu o registro escrito das sessões de estudo, gravações em áudio e vídeo das apresentações públicas, confecção de planilhas e gráficos da ocorrência de falhas nas apresentações assim como a elaboração de outras estratégias para memorizar trechos específicos. Os resultados demonstram que o estudo deliberado apoiado nos recursos utilizados contribuiu para a recuperação da memória na execução. / The present dissertation evaluated the applicability of Roger Chaffin´s performance cues as a strategy for the memorization of the Second Movement of Shostakovich’s Second Piano Sonata. A case study was conducted in which the author is the subject of the study. The methodology included the written record of the practice sessions, audio and video recordings of public performances, use of spreadsheets and graphs showing memory failures during public performances, as well as the development of other strategies to memorize specific passages of the chosen work. The results show that deliberate practice supported by the selected resources contributed to the memory retrieval while playing.

During the last decades airpower has become a useful tool for military interventions. Earlier research argues that air operations during the first Gulf war proved that strategic bombing could be effective due to modern technology and precision guided munitions. John Warden developed a theory based on strategic bombing, where he sees the enemy as a system, which is illustrated by a five-ring-model. The theory is widely discussed in the modern airpower debate, and has also been criticized because it has not been proved in any large-N study. Therefore, this essay aims to test Wardens five-ring-model in a comparative case study where two modern air operations have been chosen for investigation. The two operations are Operation Deliberate Force that took place Bosnia, 1995, and Operation Odyssey Dawn/Unified Protector that took place in Libya, 2011. The two operations have many similarities but differ in the time it took to reach their designated goals. The results indicate that Wardens theory is not capable of explaining why the two operations differed in the time it took to achieve its goals. The operations did not act according to Wardens five-ring-model to a sufficiently large extent when other targets were more frequently attacked than the ones that Warden advocates to be the most effective. Warden states that his theory is very general and can be used for any opponent, but the results of this essay indicate that it may be to general to be able to explain the outcome of an operation.

O presente trabalho avaliou a aplicabilidade do modelo de guias de execução de Roger Chaffin como estratégia para a memorização do segundo movimento da sonata para piano nº 2 de Dmitri Shostakovich. Foi realizado uma autorreflexão sobre o processo de aprendizagem no qual a própria autora é o sujeito do estudo. A metodologia incluiu o registro escrito das sessões de estudo, gravações em áudio e vídeo das apresentações públicas, confecção de planilhas e gráficos da ocorrência de falhas nas apresentações assim como a elaboração de outras estratégias para memorizar trechos específicos. Os resultados demonstram que o estudo deliberado apoiado nos recursos utilizados contribuiu para a recuperação da memória na execução. / The present dissertation evaluated the applicability of Roger Chaffin´s performance cues as a strategy for the memorization of the Second Movement of Shostakovich’s Second Piano Sonata. A case study was conducted in which the author is the subject of the study. The methodology included the written record of the practice sessions, audio and video recordings of public performances, use of spreadsheets and graphs showing memory failures during public performances, as well as the development of other strategies to memorize specific passages of the chosen work. The results show that deliberate practice supported by the selected resources contributed to the memory retrieval while playing.

Os Conselhos Gestores Municipais funcionam como espaços públicos de debate de temas específicos promovendo a aproximação do cidadão à gestão da coisa pública. O ato legal que dá suporte a esta proposta de participação é a Constituição Federal de 1988. O cidadão é o grande pilar de transformação do contexto democrático quando assume as atribuições de interagir com os representantes eleitos na definição das políticas públicas. A política pública de educação dá aos municípios brasileiros a opção de criar seus próprios Sistemas de Ensino e institucionalizar os Conselhos Municipais de Educação. No município de Poços de Caldas o Conselho Municipal de Educação funciona como instrumento de deliberação e consulta. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar as atividades desenvolvidas por este Conselho. Como percurso metodológico optou-se pelo método misto, quantitativo e predominantemente qualitativo. Cujas técnicas para obtenção dos dados foram: o questionário; a observação não-participante; a entrevista e a análise documental. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que o Conselho Municipal de Educação de Poços de Caldas é agente de fortalecimento da democracia deliberativa, possuindo efetividade e autonomia deliberativa. / The Local management councils work as public places for having a debate of specific subjects promoting to bring the citizens closer the management public matter. The legal act that gives support for this participation offer is the 1988 Federal Constitution. The citizen is the great transformation pillar of the democratic context when taking on the attributions of interacting with the elected representatives defining the public policy. The educational public policy gives the Brazilian councils the option to create their own Teaching System and to establish the Educational Local Councils. In Poços de Caldas municipality the Educational Local council works as an instrument of deliberation and consultation. The major aim of this paper is to analize the activities this council has developed. As a route of methodology it opted for the mixed method, quantitative and predominantly qualitative. The techniques used to obtain the data were: the questionnaire; the non participating observation; the interview and documentary analize. The result of the research shows that the Educational Local council in Poços de Caldas is the strengthening agent of the deliberate democracy, having got an effective result and deliberate autonomy.

ABSTRAKT Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett svårdefinierat och svårt problem att handskas med eftersom det oftast sker i hemlighet med en stor känsla av skam och skuld. Mörkertalet är stort och det är en känslig och svårbehandlad grupp, och denna grupp av människor har svårt att söka hjälp. Det finns en tydlig korrelation mellan självskadebeteende och suicidförsök. För att försöka få dessa personer att söka hjälp och minska risken för suicid måste det uppdagas varför dessa personer tvekar till att söka hjälp.   Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att beskriva varför personer med självskadebeteende tvekar till att söka hjälp.   Metod: Studien är en allmän litteraturöversikt av 8 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativa data. Artiklarna har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att slutligen sammanställas. Databaser som användes var CINAHL, PubMed och PsycINFO.   Resultat: 5 kategorier identifierades: ”Vad är vitsen egentligen?”, “Vissa ser på en som att man vore ett monster”, “Jag vet inte vad jag ska göra eller vart jag ska vända mig”, “Jag skadade mig själv allvarligt med flit idag och nu skäms jag över det” och “Så länge det är under min kontroll är det lugnt”.   Konklusion: När personer med självskadebeteende söker hjälp och får ett negativt bemötande leder det till att deras rädsla att bli dömd bekräftas och känslorna av skuld och skam förstärks. Negativa erfarenheter av att söka vård leder till att hjälp inte söks i framtiden. För personerna som vill söka vård blir det inte lättare när vårdsystemet inte är tydligt med hur personen ska söka hjälp. / ABSTRACT History: Deliberate self-harm is a hard to define phenomena that is hard to deal with because it is often done in secret and with a great feeling of shame and guilt. These patients are hard to treat due to the sensitive nature of the subject and that is why there is a large number of unreported cases. There is a clear correlation between deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts. In order to facilitate help seeking in people who self-harm we need to find out why this group of people don’t seek help in the first place so that further suicide attempts are prevented.   Aim: The aim is to describe the hesitation to why people who self-harm does not seek help.   Method: This study is a qualitative literature review of 8 articles. The data was analyzed inspired by content analysis. The databases used were CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO.   Results: 5 categories were identified: “Really, what’s the point?”, “Some people look at you like you are some kind of monster”, “I don’t know what to do or where to turn”, “I hurt myself severely on purpose today and now I feel bad about it” and “As long as it’s under my control I’m fine”.   Conclusion: When people who self-harm seek professional help are met with a poor attitude by staff, their fear of being judged is confirmed and their sense of shame and guilt increases. A negative experience when seeking help may lead to a reluctance for future help-seeking. An unclear process on how to seek help is an obstacle for people trying to receive treatment.