There is a growing literature supporting the idea that those who engage in non-suicidal deliberate self-harm (DSH) have altered pain perception compared to individuals who do not. For example, individuals who report a history of non-suicidal DSH behavior have a decreased sensitivity to transient pain during laboratory-based pain induction (e.g., Glenn et al., 2014). Research suggests that brief manipulations targeting individual beliefs can affect performance on subsequent tasks, including measures of pain sensitivity. To date, however, no study has examined the effects of experimentally manipulated pain perception on DSH behavior. The Self-Aggression Paradigm (SAP: Berman & Walley, 2003; McCloskey & Berman, 2003) allows for the prospective observation of the effects of experimental manipulations on a laboratory analogue of DSH. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine if experimentally manipulated false feedback about pain tolerance affects DSH behavior during the SAP, thus potentially providing evidence for a causal linkage between pain perception and DSH. Eighty participants were randomly assigned to one of three feedback groups: High pain tolerance, low pain tolerance, and a control condition with neutral feedback provided after completing the SAP. Participants were provided false feedback regarding their pain tolerance after a pressure algometer task. It was predicted that participants in the high pain tolerance feedback groupwould have the highest DSH on the SAP, with DSH defined as the level of shock self-administered during a series of reaction-time trials. No significant group differences, however, emerged based on group assignment. Men engaged in more DSH than women during the study independent of feedback group assignment. A secondary aim of the current study was to provide further validation for the SAP using multiple pain induction modalities. Implications of the current findings and future research directions are discussed.

För att nå en hög nivå av expertis inom sporten ishockey så krävs det att spelare har mycket goda och specifika motoriska, fysiologiska och psykologiska färdigheter. Tidigare forskning på unga elitsatsande fotbollsspelare har visat att de som nått en hög nivå, har en högre grad av självreglerat lärande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka självreglerat lärande, samt utforma och utvärdera en metod för att öka graden av självreglerat lärande, hos unga elitsatsande ishockeyspelare. Studien var av kvasi-experimentell design där ett lag fungerade som interventionsgrupp (Sub-elit, n = 15) och ett annat lag fungerande som kontrollgrupp (Elit, n = 18). Interventionen bestod av att spelarna i interventionsgruppen fick utvärdera sin egen prestation och utveckling en gång i veckan under fem veckor. Spelarna i båda grupperna fyllde i självskattningsskalan SRL-TT före och efter interventionen. Sex spelare intervjuades om deras upplevelser av självreglerat lärande och interventionen. Resultaten visar på att det fanns en skillnad vad gäller graden av självreglerat lärande mellan spelarna på högsta nivå (elit) och spelarna på en nivå under (sub-elit), men att interventionen inte hade någon statistiskt signifikant effekt på spelarnas förmåga att ägna sig åt självreglerat lärande. De intervjuade spelarna anser dock att interventionen har fått dem att tänka mer på sin utveckling och hur de presterat. Spelarna anser också att en dialog med tränarna leder till att de själva tänker mer på vad de behöver utveckla i sitt spel. / To achieve a high level of expertise in the sport of ice hockey, players need very good and specific motor, physiological and psychological skills. Previous research on young elite football players has shown that those who have reached a high skill level have a higher degree of self-regulated learning. The purpose of the study was to investigate self-regulated learning, and to design and evaluate a method for increasing the degree of self-regulated learning, in young elite ice hockey players. The study was of quasi-experimental design where one team was intervention group (Sub-elite, n = 15) and another team functioning as a control group (Elite, n = 18). The intervention consisted of the players in the intervention group evaluated their own performance and development once a week for five weeks. Players in both groups completed the self-assessment scale SRL TT before and after the intervention. Six players were interviewed about their experiences of self-regulated learning and the intervention. Results indicate that there was a difference in self-regulated learning between elite- and sub-elite players, and that the present intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on the players’ degree of self-regulated learning. The interviewed players, however, believe that the intervention has made them think more about their development and how they performed. The players also believe that dialogue with the coaches leads them to think more about what they need to develop in their game.

Sjukskrivningstalen är höga bland terapeuter och handledning ses som ett viktigt stöd i både utbildning och yrkesutövning. Trots det så har få metoder fokuserat på terapeuters egna upplevelse av handledning. Några nya metoder med syfte att öka intrapersonell och psykologisk kapacitet hos terapeuter i arbete med klienter är Deliberate Practice (DP), Feedback Informed Treatment (FIT) och Self-compassion (SC). Under 2018 användes dessa metoder av två handledare som handledde sex studentterapeuter under utbildning. Denna studie undersöker hur studentterapeuterna upplevde det nya arbetssättet. Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer som har analyserats tematiskt utifrån en induktiv ansats. Resultatet visar att ett upplevelse- och feedbackbaserat arbetssätt uppfattades som tidseffektivt, strukturerat och målinriktat. Detta skapar aktivitet och delaktighet, en stark gruppdynamik samt god allians med handledarna vilket ger gott klimat för inlärning och utveckling. Några negativa aspekter på arbetssättet är att det är tidskrävande, att fokusering på prestation och feedback upplevs som ett hinder som kan skapa stress, ångest samt en känsla av att utvärderingen inte blir rättvis. Sammantaget visar resultatet att arbetssättet uppfattas som gynnsamt för studentterapeuter i utbildningsterapi gällande utveckling av både terapeutiska färdigheter och intrapersonell kapacitet. En utmaning för arbetssättet är att handledningen är obligatorisk, hierarkisk och betygsgrundande. För att generera goda förutsättningar för arbetssättet behövs mer utrymme i utbildningen skapas, fördelarna med arbetssättet belysas och ett tillåtande klimat med fokus på allians mellan studenter och handledare upprätthållas. Därtill är det också viktigt att beakta studenternas förmåga att vara självmedkännande. / There are high rates of sick-leave among therapists and supervision is seen as an important support in both professional practice and during education. Despite this, there are few methods that focuses on therapists' experience of supervision. Some new methods with the aim to increase the intrapersonal and psychological capacity of therapists in work with clients are Deliberate Practice (DP), Feedback Informed Treatment (FIT) and Self-Compassion (SC). During 2018, these methods were used by two supervisors who supervised six student therapists during training. This study examines how the student therapists experienced the new way of working. To collect the data semi-structured interviews were conducted, to further be analyzed thematically based on an inductive approach. The result showed that an experience- and feedback-based approach was perceived as efficient, structured and goal-oriented. This created activity and participation, a strong group dynamic and a good alliance with the supervisors, which provided a good climate for learning and development. Some negative aspects of the work method were that it’s a time-consuming. Further, focusing on performance and feedback was perceived as an obstacle that could create stress, anxiety and a feeling that the evaluation was not fair. The result showed overall that the way of working was perceived as beneficial for student therapists in education therapy regarding the development of both therapeutic skills and intrapersonal capacity. A challenge is that supervision is mandatory, hierarchical and that it’s a graded task. In order to generate good conditions for the work method more available space is needed within program. The advantages of the method need to be highlighted and an open climate with focus on alliance between students and supervisors need to be maintained. It is also important to consider the students' ability to be self-compassionate.

Air power has shown its usefulness throughout many wars and has been an effective tool for military interventions during the last decades. How airpower should be applied has been a highly debated topic for as long as it has been around. However, its use in humanitarian interventions is comparatively unresearched. One theorist that have received a lot of attention is John Warden and his five-ring-model. The purpose of this thesis is to test Wardens theory in humanitarian interventions, in order to contribute with research on the use of airpower in humanitarian interventions. This thesis is a comparative case study examining two similar and successful humanitarian interventions, Operation Deliberate Force and Operation Odyssey Dawn/Unified Protector. Results show that Wardens theory can not explain the success of the use of airpower in the operations. There are however some interesting similarities between the two operations that could be the key to success in humanitarian interventions. Further research is required to investigate this conclusion. / <p>Uppsatsen skriven VT 2018 under Termin 4 Officersprogrammet 16-19 med inriktning mot flyg. Examen genomförs VT 2019.</p>

Air power has shown its usefulness throughout many wars and has been an effective tool for military interventions during the last decades. How airpower should be applied has been a highly debated topic for as long as it has been around. However, its use in humanitarian interventions is comparatively unresearched. One theorist that have received a lot of attention is John Warden and his five-ring-model. The purpose of this thesis is to test Wardens theory in humanitarian interventions, in order to contribute with research on the use of airpower in humanitarian interventions. This thesis is a comparative case study examining two similar and successful humanitarian interventions, Operation Deliberate Force and Operation Odyssey Dawn/Unified Protector. Results show that Wardens theory can not explain the success of the use of airpower in the operations. There are however some interesting similarities between the two operations that could be the key to success in humanitarian interventions. Further research is required to investigate this conclusion.

Les skieurs et les skieuses de bosses constituent une communauté d’athlètes talentueux et exceptionnels au sein de la population sportive canadienne : ceux-ci ont remporté quatre médailles aux Jeux olympiques de Sotchi (2014) et leur absence du podium est atypique sur le circuit de la Coupe du monde. Comment ces skieurs et ces skieuses de bosses ont-ils développé une expertise leur permettant d’être parmi les meilleurs, sinon les meilleurs, au monde ? L’atteinte d’un niveau expert est attribuable à la conduite de pratiques délibérées dirigées par un professeur et visant à améliorer des habiletés critiques à la performance (Ericsson, Krampe et Tesch-Römer, 1993). Ces pratiques ont lieu en dehors des cours institutionnels (entraînements avec l’équipe de sport) (Ericsson et al., 1993). Le développement du talent (et de l’expertise) en sport résulterait d’une accumulation de pratiques délibérées et de jeux délibérés menés au cours de 10 années ou 10 000 heures (Memmert, Baker et Bertsch, 2010). Le jeu délibéré est un engagement précoce dans une activité physique intrinsèquement motivante qui procure une gratification immédiate ainsi qu’une expérience de plaisir (Côté et Hay, 2002). En ayant lieu à l’extérieur de l’institution sportive, ces pratiques et ces jeux sont invisibles au public, suggérant que d’autres formes d’activités existent. Dès lors, cette thèse investigue l’ensemble des situations d’apprentissage menées en dehors des équipes de ski de bosses par des skieurs/skieuses expert(e)s et prometteur(e)s canadiens/canadiennes. Cette thèse appliquée approfondit la contribution de ces situations d’apprentissage au développement de l’expertise et du talent au moyen du concept d’Activité privée, un outil conceptuel qui regroupe l’ensemble de ces situations. Notre méthodologie qualitative, rétrospective et ethnographique traduit le point de vue et l’expérience de ces skieurs et de ces skieuses provenant de la culture sportive spécifique (Darbon, 2002) du ski de bosses au Québec et au Canada. La première partie de la thèse met en évidence une variété de catégories d’activités privées qui apparaissent, disparaissent ou se maintiennent au cours du développement sportif. Ces activités privées correspondent non seulement à des pratiques et des jeux identifiés dans la littérature sur le développement de l’expertise et du talent (Côté, Erickson et Abernethy, 2013; Ericsson et al., 1993), mais également à des jeux contribuant au développement cognitif et moteur (Piaget, 1945). Les skieurs évoquent aussi des formes d’activités privées "Autres". La deuxième partie de la thèse montre que le choix et la mise en place des activités privées dépendent de la disponibilité des ressources environnementales (artefacts) et sociales, mais également du contexte spatio-temporel. La mise en place et le déroulement des activités privées sont subordonnés aux processus proximaux (Bronfenbrenner, 1977), c’est-à-dire aux étayages (Bruner, 1983a) de l’entourage (entraîneurs, parents, fratrie et coéquipiers) et aux moyens d’autorégulation (Zimmerman, 2000) de celles-ci. La troisième partie de la thèse démontre que le choix de l’activité privée à mener découle d’un désir (Ross, 1995), orienté vers une fin-en-vue (Dewey, 1938), et d’une valorisation pragmatique. Outre ces constats, le choix, la mise en place et le déroulement des activités privées sont orientés par une sensibilité à (Récopé, Rix-Lièvre, Kellin et Boyer, 2014) et un modèle de performance idéale propre à chaque skieur. La quatrième partie expose les bénéfices retirés des activités privées. Ces bénéfices retirés permettent au skieur de posséder des habiletés critiques (habiletés techniques, physiques, stratégiques, mentales, esthétiques, proprioceptives et visant la performance globale) lui permettant ainsi d’offrir une performance experte et talentueuse en compétition de ski de bosses. [...] / Canadian mogul skiers are a community of talented and exceptional athletes in the Canadian sporting community: they won four medals at the Sochi Olympics (2014) and their absence from the podium is atypical on the world Cup circuit. How did these mogul skiers develop an expertise which classified them among the best, if not the best, in the world? Expert people conduct deliberate practice aimed at improving performance-critical skills and these deliberate practices are supervised by an expert teacher (Ericsson, Krampe and Tesch-Römer, 1993. These practices take place outside of the sport institution (sports team’s training program) (Ericsson et al., 1993). The development of talent (and expertise) in sport would result from an accumulation of deliberate practices and deliberate play conducted over 10 years or 10,000 hours (Memmert, Baker and Bertsch, 2010). Deliberate play is an early commitment to intrinsically motivating physical activity that provides immediate gratification and enjoyment (Côté and Hay, 2002). By taking place outside the sports institution, these practices and plays are invisible to the public, suggesting that other forms of activity exist. Therefore, this thesis investigates all learning situations conducted outside of the mogul teams by experienced and promising Canadian male and female skiers. This applied thesis study in depth the contribution of these learning situations to the development of expertise and talent through the concept of Private Activity, a conceptual tool that includes all possible learning situations. Our qualitative, retrospective and ethnographic methodology reflects the point of view and the experience of these skiers coming from the specific sports culture (Darbon, 2002) of mogul skiing in Quebec and Canada. The first part of the thesis highlights a variety of categories of private activities that appear, disappear or is maintain in the course of the skier’s sport development. These private activities not only correspond to practices and plays identified in the literature on the development of expertise and talent (Côté, Erickson and Abernethy, 2013, Ericsson et al., 1993), but also to plays contributing to cognitive and motor development (Piaget, 1945). Skiers also evoke private activities we identified as "Others". The second part of the thesis shows that the choice and the implementation of private activities depend on the availability of environmental (artefacts) and social resources, but also on the spatial-temporal context. The implementation and conduct of private activities are subordinated to the proximal processes (Bronfenbrenner, 1977), that is to say the entourage’s scaffolding (Bruner, 1983a) (coaches, parents, siblings and teammates) and to the self-regulation (Zimmerman, 2000) means. The third part of the thesis demonstrates that the choice of the private activity to be carried out arises from a desire (Ross, 1995), directed towards a end-in-view (Dewey, 1938), and a pragmatic valorization. In addition to these findings, the choice, implementation and conduct of private activities are oriented by a sensibility to (Récopé, Rix-Lièvre, Kellin and Boyer, 2014) and an ideal performance model specific to each skier. The fourth part describes the benefits derived from the private activities. These benefits allow the skier to acquired critical skills (technical, physical, strategic, mental, aesthetic, proprioceptive, and overall performance skills) allowing him to achieve expert and talented performance in mogul skiing competition. A modeling of the concept of Private Activity to study the development of expertise in sport is proposed at the end of the four parts of the thesis. To conclude, the non identical trajectory [...]

This cross-sectional study aimed to generate an exploratory functional model of deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurring among a South African student population (n = 603) using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). A battery of instruments, including the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM) were administered to students. Following Nock and Prinstein’s (2004) four-factor model on the functions of DSH, self-reported reasons for DSH on the FASM were conceptualised in light of the reinforcement mechanisms of social learning theory. PCA revealed a four-factor model for the reasons students engaged in DSH, constituent of the following components: social positive reinforcement, social negative reinforcement, automatic reinforcement, and reinforcement regarding self-image. A unique factor manifests in the self-image reinforcement component, suggesting divergence in the functions of DSH between student and adolescent populations. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Psychology / unrestricted

Os Conselhos Gestores Municipais funcionam como espaços públicos de debate de temas específicos promovendo a aproximação do cidadão à gestão da coisa pública. O ato legal que dá suporte a esta proposta de participação é a Constituição Federal de 1988. O cidadão é o grande pilar de transformação do contexto democrático quando assume as atribuições de interagir com os representantes eleitos na definição das políticas públicas. A política pública de educação dá aos municípios brasileiros a opção de criar seus próprios Sistemas de Ensino e institucionalizar os Conselhos Municipais de Educação. No município de Poços de Caldas o Conselho Municipal de Educação funciona como instrumento de deliberação e consulta. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar as atividades desenvolvidas por este Conselho. Como percurso metodológico optou-se pelo método misto, quantitativo e predominantemente qualitativo. Cujas técnicas para obtenção dos dados foram: o questionário; a observação não-participante; a entrevista e a análise documental. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que o Conselho Municipal de Educação de Poços de Caldas é agente de fortalecimento da democracia deliberativa, possuindo efetividade e autonomia deliberativa. / The Local management councils work as public places for having a debate of specific subjects promoting to bring the citizens closer the management public matter. The legal act that gives support for this participation offer is the 1988 Federal Constitution. The citizen is the great transformation pillar of the democratic context when taking on the attributions of interacting with the elected representatives defining the public policy. The educational public policy gives the Brazilian councils the option to create their own Teaching System and to establish the Educational Local Councils. In Poços de Caldas municipality the Educational Local council works as an instrument of deliberation and consultation. The major aim of this paper is to analize the activities this council has developed. As a route of methodology it opted for the mixed method, quantitative and predominantly qualitative. The techniques used to obtain the data were: the questionnaire; the non participating observation; the interview and documentary analize. The result of the research shows that the Educational Local council in Poços de Caldas is the strengthening agent of the deliberate democracy, having got an effective result and deliberate autonomy.

Wearable sensors can be used to monitor opioid use and other key behaviors of interest, and to prompt interventions that promote behavioral change. The effectiveness of such systems is threatened by the potential of a subject's deliberate non-compliance (DNC) to the monitoring. We define deliberate non-compliance as the process of giving one's device to someone else when surveillance is on-going. The principal aim of this thesis is to develop an approach to leverage movement and cardiac features from a wearable sensor to detect such deliberate non-compliance by individuals under surveillance for opioid use. Data from 11 participants who presented to the Emergency Department following an opioid overdose was analyzed. Using a personalized machine learning classifier (model), we evaluated if a snippet of blood volume pulse (BVP) and accelerometer data received is coming from the expected participant or an alternate person. Analysis of our classier shows the viability of this approach, as we were able to detect DNC (or compliance) with over 90% accuracy within 3 seconds of its occurrence.

Background: Deliberate self-harm is when an individual deliberately exposes themselves to an act that directly damage the individual's body. Many of those who intentionally injure themselves do so to deal with anxiety and the behavior is thus used as a kind of distraction from their feelings. Today's social outlook on self-injurious behavior is in general judgmental. To have an attitude is to be emotionally preset to a situation, person or an object. Patients who self-harm currently perceive care as negative, despite existing recommendations on how to care for the group of patients. The general nurse encounters this group of patients in many places, such as the emergency room and in health centers.   Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the nurse’s attitude towards patients who self-harm.   Method: General literature review based on ten articles where six were of quantitative design, one was qualitative and three were mixed method. Through critical review and selection criteria, the articles that responded to the purpose of the literature review were selected for further analysis.   Results: Three themes were extracted: The nurse’s preunderstanding, individual factors affecting the attitude and working conditions and its impact on the attitude.    Discussion: The results discussion the authors discusses education, stigma in the healthcare sector and the importance of reflecting attitudes. The authors themselves reflects on how the quality of the nurse and patient’s relationship could be more nursing in the future. Discussions are supported partly by Katie Eriksson's concept of "care suffering" as well as relevant studies and literature. / Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är när en individ avsiktligt utsätter sig för handlingar som gör direkt skada på individens kropp. Många av de som avsiktligt skadar sig själva gör det för att hantera ångest. Dagens samhällssyn på självskadebeteende är överlag dömande. Att ha en attityd är att vara känslomässigt förinställd till en situation, person eller ett ting. Patienter med självskadebeteende uppfattar i dagsläget vården negativt, trots befintliga rekommendationer för bemötande. Allmänsjuksköterskan kommer i kontakt med denna patientgrupp på bland annat på akuten och vårdcentraler.   Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskans attityd gentemot patienter med självskadebeteende.   Metod: En litteraturöversikt grundad på tio artiklar där sex var av kvantitativ design, en var kvalitativ och tre var mixed-method. Genom kritisk granskning samt urvalskriterier valdes de artiklar som svarade på litteraturöversiktens syfte ut för att analyseras vidare.   Resultat: Resultatet synliggjordes i tre huvudteman: Sjuksköterskans förförståelse, individuella faktorer som påverkar attityden samt arbetsförhållanden och dess påverkan på attityden.   Diskussion: I resultatdiskussionen diskuteras utbildning, stigmatisering i vårdsektorn samt vikten av att reflektera kring attityder. Författarna reflekterar över hur kvaliteten i sjuksköterske- och patientrelationen ska kunna bli mer vårdande i framtiden. Diskussionen stödjs delvis av Katie Erikssons teoribegrepp ”vårdlidande” samt relevanta studier och litteratur.