By end of 20th Century, democratization has become a major global phenomenon. In Taiwan, since Democratic Progress Party registered as lawful political party till the period it seized power, serial political democratization had attracted the eyes of the world. Through the 3rd wave of democratization which pushed Taiwan into a democratic country, democratic governance has become the key engineering work for concreting democracy. In Taiwan, though authoritative ruling had been ended and the decision mode of party leading government and administrative superior were collapsed, but there are all kinds of difficult problems in governance emerged, including the boycotting and the confrontation and antagonism between the Executive Yuan and Legislative Yuan, the interactive relationship between elected administrator and bureaucratic system and the disorder in the decision making system in administrative system, malpractice and corruption of government employees, recession of economy and unemployment rate maintaining high together lead to conflict between ethnic groups, corruption and social disorder and moral downgrading, despite the people is nominally the master of the country, and the confusion, disorder and unrest plus the uncertainty toward the future has brought up the core of problem, which is the governing structure under democratic political system need be established and concreted as soon as possible. This paper utilize the material and date obtained in interviews under ¡§ Taiwan¡¦s Election and Democratization Study, 2003 (TEDS 2003)¡¨. It attempts to study the differences in evaluation of democracy, participation in democracy and democratic value as generated from the individual background factors as well as their evaluation of the current democratic governance. It is hope to draw practical suggestion of democratic governance which would serve as a lead for breaking of present difficult situation of Taiwan.

This paper is based on Lennart Lundquist thesis of the importance of incorporating both democratic and economic values in public administration, what he calls "our public ethos", as economic values have become increasingly important due to the development of New Public Management. The paper aimed to investigate which economic or democratic values could be identified in relation to e-government in an analysis of three Swedish administrative authorities' policy documents. To obtain the purpose of this study, following question was asked: ● Which economic or democratic values can be identified in relation to e-government in a review of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency, the Police Authority and the Employment Service's policy document? A ideal-type analysis was used as a method, and the measurement point consisted of democratic and economic values in our public ethos. The result turned out to be that both economic and democratic values can be found in the documents. It is arguable that New Public Management has had an impact on all, but its hegemonic position could not be substantiated. The dissertation's analysis section also pointed out that, in addition to emphasizing democratic values, e-government reforms can also strengthen these.

No description available.

<p>The dissertation deals with the issue of reflection, democracy and educational drama. The overarching aim of the dissertation is to investigate whether educational drama may be perceived as fostering democratic values in the literature and curricula.</p><p>The dissertation shows that, based on various different theoretical and philosophical values, an interplay does exist between the goals for an activity and the choice of content and work method, which creates a number of opportunities for reflection in the various different perspectives of educational drama. It also indicates, however, that attitudes towards educational drama shift in the different curricula, where the artistically oriented perspective is the one most sought after. As a result, education in democratic values, which does not necessarily problemize social and political issues, is demanded from educational drama.</p><p>The literature analyses made in the dissertation reveal four perspectives. Within <i>the artistically oriented perspective,</i> a democratic potential exists in giving the individual tools with which to learn both how to achieve and to create knowledge. Every performance is a story about life and, for every performance the individual takes part in, his knowledge of art and human problems at different times and in different situations increases.</p><p>Within <i>the personal development perspective</i> the individual. acquires tools to understand himself in relation to others and to understand the connection between various dynamic processes occurring at individual, group and community levels. The aesthetic form as well as the participant s' own experience of life gives cause for adaptation and reflection.</p><p>The democratic potential contained in <i>the critically liberating perspective</i> are that the individual acquires the necessary tools to investigate both in word and deed power relationships in society and how such power relationships are made apparent in concrete human situations. </p><p>The idea of fostering democratic values contained in <i>the holistic learning perspective</i> is characterised by acquiring tools with which to understand the universal human significance behind every problem. In the communicative process, the varying language skills of the individual are developed, skills in which artistic expression is fundamental for understanding complex human situations.</p>

The dissertation deals with the issue of reflection, democracy and educational drama. The overarching aim of the dissertation is to investigate whether educational drama may be perceived as fostering democratic values in the literature and curricula. The dissertation shows that, based on various different theoretical and philosophical values, an interplay does exist between the goals for an activity and the choice of content and work method, which creates a number of opportunities for reflection in the various different perspectives of educational drama. It also indicates, however, that attitudes towards educational drama shift in the different curricula, where the artistically oriented perspective is the one most sought after. As a result, education in democratic values, which does not necessarily problemize social and political issues, is demanded from educational drama. The literature analyses made in the dissertation reveal four perspectives. Within the artistically oriented perspective, a democratic potential exists in giving the individual tools with which to learn both how to achieve and to create knowledge. Every performance is a story about life and, for every performance the individual takes part in, his knowledge of art and human problems at different times and in different situations increases. Within the personal development perspective the individual. acquires tools to understand himself in relation to others and to understand the connection between various dynamic processes occurring at individual, group and community levels. The aesthetic form as well as the participant s' own experience of life gives cause for adaptation and reflection. The democratic potential contained in the critically liberating perspective are that the individual acquires the necessary tools to investigate both in word and deed power relationships in society and how such power relationships are made apparent in concrete human situations. The idea of fostering democratic values contained in the holistic learning perspective is characterised by acquiring tools with which to understand the universal human significance behind every problem. In the communicative process, the varying language skills of the individual are developed, skills in which artistic expression is fundamental for understanding complex human situations.

May 2010 a project called drop-in sports was started to get boys and girlsin the ages of 13-20 more physically active and keep them away from  committing crime. With the slogan ”come as you are, whenever you want and do what you want for free ” spontaneous sports was organized. To evaluate the project a research of the activity was carried out, where two of the objectives were to investigate how responsibility and empowerment is taken. Twelve hours of observations studies were used to collect data about leadership decision-making and democratic values in forms of respect, everybody’s right to play and influence. The study concluded that variations in the leaders decision-making affected the participant’s influence during activities. In terms of everybody’s right to play the study showed that, girls and younger participants were not included in the same scale at indoor activity as outside. Finally results showed that presence of leaders made an impact in respect and conflict management.

本人研究現行國民中學公民教育的民主價值觀，是因為我國國中「公民與道德」課程的實施，為有意識的公民教育的一環，國家希望透過此一社會化過程，讓國中學生學習及獲取民主價值，此社會化過程影響學生成年後政治價值之取向及政治行為的模式。中學教育是一種「國民教育」，從民族意識、國家觀念的培養，乃至基本法律常識、政治過程、權利義務及自治能力的訓練，目的是希望培養學生成為服務社會的好國民。 基於國中公民教育在學校教育中所負有的意義，本研究希望藉由對於現行國中「公民與道德」課程所做的民主價值觀分析，達到以下的目的： 1. 探討民主價值觀在正式課程的「公民與道德」科教材實施中，所呈現的意義與評價。 2. 探討民主價值觀在非正式課程的「公民與道德」科活動運作中，所呈現的意義與評價。 3. 本研究以國中公民教師為對象，進行深度訪談，探討現行國中公民科教材編定及活動進行對學生民主價值觀念的影響程度。 4. 歸納研究結果，提出建議，提供教育當局改進的參考。 本研究對現行國民中學「公民與道德」教材進行民主價值觀分析時，適逢民國八十七學年度公民教材改版的時期，原本國中一至三年級均使用七十八年版一至六冊「公民與道德」的教材，改編為現行八十七年版適用於二至三年級使用的一至四冊「公民與道德」教材，並且在課程安排及教材編寫方面均較以往有很大的改變。教育部預計在九十年度計劃實施九年一貫的國民義務教育，教學科目調整為語文、健康與體育、社會、藝術與人文、數學、自然與科技及綜合活動七大領域的整體化教學，現行國民中學「公民與道德」科在教材編輯及活動設計上亦做了配合性的調整。 本研究的主要發現為：現行國中公民教材的編排內容十分強調民主信念、人民主權、公民責任感及法治運作的民主價值觀念，此結果說明公民教育藉由學校課程的社會化過程，強化學生民主、人權、責任及法治的概念使學生能早日成為身心發展均衡的健全公民，相較之下，現行國中公民教材的編排內容在政治參與及國家認同的民主價值觀念則有加強的必要，因為在民主社會的政治發展過程中，公民的參與行為及認同態度對於民主政治的發展有相當大的影響。因此，建議在往後的教材修訂過程中能多加強公民在政治行為及國家認同觀念的課程內容。此外，在現行國民中學公民活動的進行過程中則十分注重民主信念、公民責任感及政治參與的民主價值觀念，其次則為人民主權及法治運作的民主價值觀念，國家認同的觀念則有加強的必要。此結果說明現行國中公民活動的進行，可以培養學生對於民主運作程序、公民權利責任及政治參與態度的瞭解程度。藉由公民活動的順利推行，使學生能清楚明瞭身為現代公民應注重民主理念、公民責任及參與行為的重要性，其次，在活動進行中應強調人權及法治的觀念，特別是團體認同觀念的建立在公民活動中尤應重視。總之，民主信念的價值觀念在現行國中的公民教材及公民活動均十分強調及注重，而國家認同的價值觀念在現行國中的公民教材及公民活動中，則有應再加強的必要性。此外，學生在現行國中「公民與道德」課程教材方面、公民活動方面及教學方法方面均提出應改進的建議，提供教育當局作教育改革的參考。