Diploma thesis focuses on solving of the technological preparation of building modernization of gallery residential building in Prague 1 at Petrska street. The main goal of the thesis is a demolition of the existing building and construction of a new ceiling above the third floor. The paper includes the construction and technological report, technical report for concruction site equipment, technological regulations of demolition works and the ceiling structure above the third floor – there are two design variants of the ceiling structure icluded. The variants contend a comparation of two technologies version of ceiling structure above the third floor. Thesis also includes the inspection and test plans, design of machine arrangement, transport relations, safety and health protect plan, environmental plan, work and time schedule and financial calculation of building modernization

The subject of this final thesis is prepared detailed project documentation for the reconstruction of apartment building on Karáskovo Square in Brno - Židenice. The existing building is rectangular and is a part of a apartment terraced buildings. Residential building has a basement and three floors and an attic. The main entrance is oriented to the southwest. Foundation structures are concrete, vertical support system is a brick wall, roof structure is wooden roof standing stool with pleated ceramic tiles.

The diploma thesis is focused on a reconstruction of a cinema building in the town Gbely. It’s complete reconstruction of exterior and interior too. Original function, cinema, is change to sport and cultural centrum now. Object is consist of cafe, squash hall, climbing wall and sauna with rest room. Several thermal insulations are used to isolate object and satisfy a norm terms. The foundations are post insulated too. The interior is divided into functional spaces with Heluz system. New finishes in the object is created by brick paving, klinker, ceramic tiles and tiling. All windows and doors are replaced by new ones in the object. Sliding doors are used in interior for save space. The windows and doors are plastic between interior and exterior. All sanitations are replaced by new ones too. The reinforced concrete floor is used instead of lead bearing lintels. The wheelchair conditions are satisfied on ground floor.

Öffentlich Private Partnerschaften (PPP) werden als Mittel zur Mobilisierung brach liegender Grundstücke thematisiert. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt der Begriff der „Initialbrachfläche“. Erfährt die Initialbrache einen öffentlichen Nutzungszweck mit Hilfe einer PPP, hat dies positive Auswirkungen auf benachbarte Brachen in einem definierten Umfeld. Am Beispiel des Chemnitztales mit seinem hohen Brachenbestand wurde ein PPP Projekt konzipiert. Es wird weiterhin eingegangen auf Aspekte privaten und privatwirtschaftlichen Engagements für Altstandorte und Brachen, z.B. unter dem Schlagwort Corporate Social Responsibility. Darüber hinaus wird die naturschutzrechtliche Eingriffsregelung angesprochen: Ausgleich für Flächeninanspruchnahme soll künftig verstärkt zugunsten der Renaturierung von Altstandorten erfolgen. Schließlich wird die technische Neuentwicklung eines Geokunststoff Gabions vorgestellt, bei dem Bauschutt aus Flächenrecyclingprojekten als Füllmaterial eingesetzt wird. Als Einsatzbereich des transportablen Geokunststoff Gabions wird ein mobiles Hochwasserschutzsystem skizziert.

The goal of this thesis was to design the reconstruction of the railway station Svitavy. The line speed was rised from the current value to 160 km·h-1. New platforms were designed, therefore the railway substructure and the drainage were adjusted accordingly. Also, the effective length of the main tracks was extended to 740 m.

The main subject is evaluation of effective use in terms of care (not only within protection of monuments) in order to save and protect industrial heritage. Pointing out on critical issues connected with the end of production of traditional branches which played the key role in historical development of our cities. Nowadays abandoned buildings and sites are represented by memory of the place or its prosperity. New owners often don't share the positive approach to the industrial heritage, developers are seeking new sites, cities and inhabitants have developed new needs through the time. The work will demonstrate examples within European context and will make recommendations in monitoring and classification of industrial heritage to prevent undo able losses.

We investigate two different coupling schemes between a nano-scale mechanical resonator and one-electron atoms. In these schemes, classical electromagnetic radiation mediates a mutual communication between the mechanical resonator and the atoms. In the process it generates atomic coherences, quantum superpositions of excited electronic levels of the atoms. An atomic coherence is highly responsive to subtle variations in the relative frequencies of the levels participating in such superposition state. By exposing the atoms to electromagnetic radiation modulated by the motion of the mechanical resonator, we show how the response of an atomic coherence can, under appropriate conditions, be used to affect on demand the dynamical state of the mechanical resonator. The first scheme realizes a long range interface between a mechanical resonator and an ensemble of three-level atoms. Here, mechanically modulated electromagnetic radiation comes from a laser beam reflected off an oscillating mirror, the mechanical resonator. This light beam drives the transition between an excited level and a hyperfine sublevel of the atoms with a certain detuning. A weaker light beam resonantly couples to the transition between the excited level and another hyperfine sublevel. On full resonance, the atoms evolve into a stationary coherence of the above (non-absorbing) hyperfine sublevels only. The atoms then become transparent to the weaker light beam, in a phenomenon called electromagnetically induced transparency. Off resonance, we find that this transparency is modulated at the mirror frequency with some phase shift, which allows the weaker beam to cause resonant backaction onto the moving mirror. The strength of this backaction is enhanced near atomic resonances and its character can be switched between amplification or damping of mirror vibrations by adjusting the detuning. In contrast, the second scheme accomplishes a closer range interface between a torsion pendulum and guided two level Rydberg atoms. Attaching a point electric dipole to the torsion pendulum allows electromagnetic coupling to two Rydberg levels of a passing atom. This coupling modifies the eigenfrequencies of the Rydberg levels such that they become dependent on the phonon number of the torsion pendulum. Via Ramsey interferometry, we may readout this effect and thus measure the phonon number. We show that, by subjecting several atoms, one by one, to a Ramsey measurement, a quantum non-demolition detection of the phonon number is feasible. Likewise, we show coherent oscillator displacements possible, by driving the atoms with external fields while they interact with the torsion pendulum. We propose a protocol to reconstruct the quantum state of motion of the torsion pendulum, combining these two techniques, Ramsey measurements and oscillator displacements. Our interfaces between a mechanical resonator and atoms provide alternative routes for the control of the state of motion, ultimately quantum mechanical, of a mechanical resonator, in which the latter is not restricted to be part of a cavity. We will thus ease quantum dynamical manipulations of mechanical resonators of sub micron scales, for which an efficient design of cavity opto- and electro-mechanical systems is hard.

With a major share of the negative environmental impacts deriving from construction and its waste, ways to reduce the material and energy use in this sector have been the focus of studies for decades. Reuse of building elements and materials is gaining traction with researchers, architects, developers and real estate owners. However, it is rarely used in practice in Sweden. Barriers include fear of fluctuating supply, quality warranties, logistics, lack of experience in the design process and unknown availability. While many research projects are underway, a process of how to locate materials is still missing. Additionally, there is currently little connection between research and practice, and a lack of investigation into the long-term consequences that reuse will have on the design process and the role of the architect. Therefore, the aim of this study is to discover what heavy structural elements will be available for reuse in the Stockholm region and to explore which implications reuse will on the design process and the role of the architect. The study evaluated a new method for short-term mapping of available elements using demolition permits. It also intended to map available elements medium- term through detailed development plans, and long-term using comprehensive plans.  The results showed that the medium-term span mapping was not plausible as there are too many detailed development plans and no feasible way to review them due to how they are accessible to the public. The long-term mapping showed potential in identifying characteristics of different areas and indicating where demolitions or transformations might occur. Given there might be a paradigm shift in the way the industry manages resource, as policy and industry goals indicate, the areas where demolition is planned today might be transformed tomorrow. The short-term mapping was the most promising method developed. It showed that significant amounts of heavy structural elements will be available within two years. The buildings with heavy structural elements that are now up for demolition are mostly from the 1960-1980s and are principally all non-residential. 16 different structural typologies were identified and evaluated for reuse potential. Four typologies were highlighted as especially valuable for reuse: 1) cast in-situ reinforced concrete structure 2) prefabricated reinforced concrete elements structure 3) brick structure from before 1960 and 4) steel structure. The dominant structural material was concrete, which was the core material in 93% of the total area found. To test the method’s usefulness and reveal implications on the design process, it was used for an ongoing residential project by developer NREP and architects Tengbom and Lendager Group. The case study showed that suitable structural elements could be sourced for the project with the short-term mapping. A new design proposal for the structure was made with elements from the mapping, which was estimated to avoid significant environmental impact compared to a new structure. According to international studies on this type of reuse, over 90% of CO2-equiv. emissions for new buildings can be saved reusing prefabricated concrete panels. For the design process, the implication of reuse is often an elongated introductory phase. The case study showed that studying grids and proportions of the existing system was essential to transform it into a new one, allowing the process to be more material-driven. Considerations on how to use the elements to minimise waste and environmental impact from preparing the elements for reuse are imperative when designing the system.  It could be argued that waste is a design error, highlighting the need to educate new cohorts of architects and designers in designing for reuse. Potentials for reuse lie in maintaining the value of the structural elements, instead of paying to get rid of them, and to avoid large negative environmental impacts for raw material extraction and production. Projects realised today have shown large savings in CO2-equivalent and costs alike. Nevertheless, it requires innovative and non- conventional organisation and roles. Cooperation and trust amongst stakeholders is key. The design process needs to become more collaborative and iterative with higher frequency of information exchange. This requires designers, architects and engineers to look both backward, to understand the existing buildings and materials that we can use, and forward, in how to use them going forward with innovative strategies for project plausibility, the environment and great (longstanding) architecture. / Byggande och avfall står för en stor del av all negativ miljöpåverkan i världen. Sätt att minska material- och energianvändningen inom byggsektorn har därför varit i fokus för studier i årtionden. Återbruk av byggnadselement och material har ökat i intresse hos forskare, arkitekter, utvecklare och fastighetsägare senaste åren. Trots det implementeras det sällan i praktiken i Sverige. Barriärer för återbruk inkluderar rädsla för fluktuerande utbud, kvalitetsgarantier, logistik, bristande erfarenhet i designprocessen och brist på tillgänglighet. Många forskningsprojekt pågår men det saknas en process för hur man identifierar och lokaliserar material. Dessutom finns det för närvarande lite samband mellan forskning och praktik, och liten insikt i de långsiktiga konsekvenserna som återbruk kommer att ha på designprocessen och arkitektens roll. Därför är syftet med denna studie att ta reda på vilka tunga stomelement som kommer att finnas tillgängliga för återbruk i Stockholmsregionen och att undersöka konsekvenser för hur återbruk kommer att påverka designprocessen och arkitektens roll. Studien utvärderade en ny metod för kortsiktig kartläggning av tillgängliga stomelement med hjälp av rivningslov, samt utforskade kartläggning av tillgängliga stomelement på medellång sikt genom detaljplaner och på lång sikt med översiktsplaner.  Resultaten visade att kartläggningen på medellång sikt inte var möjlig eftersom det finns för många detaljplaner och inget genomförbart sätt att granska dem på grund av hur de är tillgängliga för allmänheten. Den långsiktiga kartläggningen visade potential för att identifiera egenskaper hos olika områden i Stockholm och indikera var rivningar eller omvandlingar kan inträffa. Med tanke på att det kan komma ett paradigmskifte i hur industrin hanterar resurser, som policy och branschmål indikerar, kan de områden där rivning planeras idag komma att transformeras i morgon. Den kortsiktiga kartläggningen var den mest lovande metoden som utvecklats. Den visade att betydande mängder tunga stomelement kommer att finnas tillgängliga inom två år. De byggnader med tunga stomelement som nu ska rivas är till största delen från 1960-1980-talet och är generellt kontor och industribyggnader. 16 olika stomtypologier identifierades och utvärderades för återbrukspotential. Fyra typologier lyftes fram som särskilt värdefulla för återanvändning 1) platsgjuten armerad betongkonstruktion 2) prefabricerad armerad betongelementkonstruktion 3) Tegelkonstruktion från före 1960 och 4) stålkonstruktion. Det dominerande konstruktionsmaterialet var betong som var kärnmaterialet i 93 % av den totala ytan som hittades. För att testa användbarheten av metoden och identifiera implikationer på designprocessen användes den i ett pågående bostadsprojekt av utvecklaren NREP och arkitekterna Tengbom och Lendager Group. Fallstudien visade att lämpliga stomelement kunde identifieras för projektet med den kortsiktiga kartläggningen. Ett nytt förslag för stommen gjordes med element från kartläggningen, vilket bedömdes undvika betydande miljöpåverkan jämfört med en ny stomme. Enligt en tysk studie kan denna typ av återbruk undvika 90 % av CO2-ekv. utsläpp under produktion och byggande genom att återanvända prefabricerade betongpaneler. Implikationen av återbruk på designprocessen är ofta en utdragen introduktionsfas. Fallstudien visade att det var viktigt att studera måttkedjor och proportioner i det befintliga systemet för att omvandla det till ett nytt, vilket gör att processen kan bli mer materialdriven. Överväganden om hur man använder elementen för att minimera avfall och miljöpåverkan från att förbereda elementen för återanvändning är absolut nödvändiga vid utformningen av systemet.  Avfall skulle kunna hävdas vara ett designfel, vilket understryker behovet av att utbilda nya arkitekter och designers i att designa för återbruk. Potential för återanvändning ligger i att bibehålla värdet på stomelementen, istället för att betala för att bli av med dem, och att undvika stora negativa miljöpåverkan för råvaruutvinning och produktion. Projekt som genomförs idag har visat på stora besparingar i både CO2-ekvivalenter och kostnader. Men det kräver et innovativ och icke-konventionell organisation och roller. Samarbete och förtroende mellan intressenter är centralt. Designprocessen måste bli mer kollaborativ och iterativ med högre frekvens av informationsutbyte. Detta kräver att konsulter ser både bakåt, förstår de befintliga byggnaderna och materialen som vi kan använda, och framåt, i hur man kan använda dem framåt med innovativa strategier för både genomförbarhet, miljö, bestående arkitektur.

[pt] A Construção Civil é uma das indústrias que mais geram resíduos sólidos no mundo. Os agregados reciclados (RCD), como opção aos agregados obtidos por exploração de jazidas, derivam de materiais reprocessados que foram anteriormente utilizados na construção e demolição. Como o reaproveitamento de RCD vem crescendo em âmbito mundial, mas a qualidade e a padronização do material ainda são um impedimento à utilização em maiores escalas, faz-se necessário uma investigação das propriedades deste material. No presente estudo a microtomografia computadorizada (microCT) foi utilizada a fim de gerar imagens bidimensionais e tridimensionais para observar a estrutura porosa do material e, através de uma rotina computacional, as imagens obtidas foram avaliadas de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Inicialmente, a rotina de processamento das imagens aconteceu para que fossem reduzidos os efeitos de ruídos provenientes da obtenção das imagens no microtomógrafo, além de uma padronização dos histogramas de todas as camadas. As imagens das amostras foram segmentadas e quantificadas para que a porosidade (poros e canais porosos) pudesse ser identificada e analisada. De forma complementar foram utilizadas também as técnicas de microscopia óptica e a microscopia eletrônica de varredura para análise da porosidade. Os resultados de volume, razões de aspecto e esfericidade dos poros dos concretos com e sem agregados reciclados foram analisados e comparados com as suas respectivas resistências à compressão. Os resultados mostraram, como esperado, uma porosidade maior nos corpos de prova com adição de RCD. Com uma diferença de quase 50 por cento no volume da porosidade, é importante destacar que a resistência à compressão de ambas as amostras foi satisfatória e dentro de uma faixa próxima de valores (31,4MPa para o concreto de referência e 25,73 MPa para o concreto com adição de RCD). Este resultado pode ser explicado pela necessidade de se eliminar os objetos menores de 1 voxel, o que pode ter causado uma alteração nos valores dos volumes encontrados, ou seja, eliminou-se mais poros menores de 1voxel nos CP s de referência. / [en] Civil Construction is one of the industries that generate the most solid waste in the world. Recycled aggregates (RCD), as an option to aggregates obtained by mining deposits, derive from reprocessed materials that were previously used in construction and demolition. As the reuse of RCD has been growing worldwide, but the quality and standardization of the material are still an impediment to its use on larger scales, it is necessary to investigate the properties of this material. In the present study, computerized microtomography (microCT) was used in order to generate two-dimensional and three-dimensional images to observe the porous structure of the material and, through a computational routine, the images obtained were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Initially, the image processing routine was carried out to reduce the noise effects resulting from the acquisition of the images in the microtomograph, in addition to a standardization of the histograms of all layers. The images of the samples were segmented and quantified so that the porosity (pores and porous channels) could be identified and analyzed. In a complementary way, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were also used for porosity analysis. The results of volume, aspect ratios and pore sphericity of concretes with and without recycled aggregates were analyzed and compared with their respective compressive strengths. The results showed, as expected, a higher porosity in the specimens with the addition of RCD. With a difference of almost 50 percent in the porosity volume, it is important to highlight that the compressive strength of both samples was satisfactory and within a range close to values (31.4MPa for the reference concrete and 25.73 MPa for the concrete with the addition of RCD). This result can be explained by the need to eliminate objects smaller than 1 voxel, which may have caused a change in the values of the volumes found, that is, more pores smaller than 1 voxel were eliminated in the reference CPs.

My degree project aims to find an alternative destiny to the city glitches- the forgotten industrial buildings which are constantly being torn down. All the memories, the urban creatures that nest inside them, are considered disposable in city planning. The aim of this project is not to stop urban development but to create spaces where this endless force magically stops, a bubble of “utopia”, where the urban beings take their own time to flourish, undisturbed. I focus my project on the abandoned factory house Nitrolackfabriken in the southern part of Stockholm, a building threatened with demolition. I went through three stages in the design process: first background research, second a design proposal about turning the building into a functional culture house, and lastly landed on a design intervention where I gave up the previous culture house proposal, refused it on behave of the building itself, and gave the house back to what is already inside. I created three design interventions in this new part of the project: the garden, the pond, and the fire room. I see the building and all the small beings nesting inside as part of an intertwining relationship, a living being, a “GIANT.” I abstracted her into a human-like shape, wishing to create an emotional resonance between the GIANT and us. To remind us that we are all part of this complexity.