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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
821

Complexe Majeur d’Histocompatibilité et génomique fonctionnelle dans les spondylarthrites / Major Histocompatibility Complex and functional genomics in spondyloarthritis

Talpin, Alice 22 November 2013 (has links)
La SpA est un rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique fréquent, dont la prévalence est de 0,3% en France. Les mécanismes pathologiques qui en sont à l’origine demeurent largement incertains. Néanmoins, l’héritabilité de la maladie est élevée, impliquant de multiples facteurs génétiques, dont la région du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité (CMH) et plus particulièrement l’allèle HLA-B27 qui y exerce un rôle prédominant. L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier de nouvelles cibles moléculaires, en vue d’améliorer la compréhension de la physiopathologie de la SpA, par des approches génétiques et de génomiques fonctionnelles.La première partie de mon travail a consisté en l’identification de polymorphismes du CMH associés à la SpA et distinct de HLA-B27. Les études d’association portant sur les données génétiques de 3 cohortes indépendantes nous ont permis d’identifié 5 variants associés à la SpA indépendamment du HLA-B27. Les deux polymorphismes situés à proximité des gènes MICA et MAPK14 semblent particulièrement intéressants pour leur implication potentielle dans la pathogénèse de la SpA. En marge de cette étude, nous avons entrepris de déterminer la prévalence du HLA-B27 dans une cohorte française représentative de la population générale, qui était de 6,9% chez les témoins et de 74,2% chez les sujets atteints de SpA.Les études fonctionnelles conduites sur des cellules dendritiques dérivées de monocytes (MD-DCs) ont permis d’identifier un défaut de réponse proliférative des LT CD4+ stimulés par les MD-DCs de patients atteints de SpA, ainsi qu’une signature transcriptomique de 81 gènes caractéristique des MD-DCs de ces patients. Parmi les gènes validés, la surexpression d’ADAMTS15, de F13A1 et de SELL pourrait jouer un rôle dans l’inflammation liée à la pathologie, alors que la sous-régulation de CITED2 paraitrait corrélée à une dérégulation de la voie Wnt. Enfin, nos investigations sur les MD-DCS nous ont amené à identifier une corrélation entre l’haplotype d’ERAP1 prédisposant à la SpA, et un niveau accru d’expression de ce gène ainsi que de la protéine ERAP1. / Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a frequent chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorder, with a prevalence of 0.3% in France. Pathological mechanisms leading to SpA remain largely uncertain. Nevertheless, the heritability of this disorder is high, likely involving multiple genetic factors, among which the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and particularly the HLA-B27 allele which plays a prominent role. The objective of this work was to achieve a better understanding of SpA physiopathology via genetic and transcriptomic approaches. The first part of my work consisted in identification of MHC polymorphisms associated with SpA, distinct of HLA-B27. Association studies based on the genetic data of 3 independent cohorts have allowed to identify 5 SNPs associated to SpA, independently of HLA-B27. Two polymorphisms localized next to MICA and MAPK14 genes seem particularly interesting for their implication in SpA pathogenesis. In parallel of this study, we characterized HLA-B27 prevalence in a French cohort corresponding to 6.9% in healthy controls and 74.2% in SpA patients. Functional studies on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MD-DCs) revealed altered capacity to stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cell responses by MD-DCs from SpA patients and a transcriptomic signature of 81 genes differentially expressed in those cells, as compared to those from healthy controls. Among validated genes, ADAMTS15, F13A1 and SELL could play a role in SpA inflammation, whereas CITED2 seemed to be correlated to Wnt pathway. Finally, a strong correlation between ERAP1 SpA-susceptibility haplotype and an increased expression of this gene and the ERAP1 protein has been identified.
822

Le role de l'interaction des cellules dendritiques avec le virus HTLV-1 dans la dissémination virale : capture ou infection productive ? / The role of the interaction of dendritic cells with HTLV-1 virus in viral spread : capture or productive infection?

Rizkallah, Gergès 30 June 2017 (has links)
Le virus T lymphotrope humain de type 1 (HTLV-1) est l'agent étiologique de la leucémie à cellules T de l'adulte (ATL) et de la paraparésie spastique tropicale/myélopathie associée à HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP). Chez les patients chroniquement infectés, le provirus d'HTLV-1 est majoritairement retrouvé dans les lymphocytes T CD4+. Ex vivo, on peut aussi retrouver le provirus dans les lymphocytes T CD8+, les lymphocytes B, les monocytes, les cellules dendritiques (DCs) myéloïdes, les DCs plasmacytoϊdes (pDCs) et les macrophages. In vitro, HTLV-1 est capable d'infecter productivement les cellules lymphoïdes et les cellules dendritiques dérivées de monocytes humains (MDDCs). De par leur fonction et leur distribution dans l'organisme, les DCs pourraient être les premières cellules à interagir avec HTLV-1 au cours de la primo-infection. Elles seraient ensuite capables de transmettre HTLV-1 aux lymphocytes T CD4+. Cette hypothèse est soutenue par les travaux de notre équipe qui ont montré que les MDDCs sont plus susceptibles que des lymphocytes T autologues à l'infection par HTLV-1. Ainsi, les DCs constitueraient des relais importants pour l'établissement de l'infection chronique. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes demandés si toutes les populations de DCs étaient également susceptibles à l'infection par HTLV-1 et si elles transmettaient similairement HTLV-1 aux lymphocytes T. Pour cela, nous avons différencié trois sous types de MDDCs après l'exposition de monocytes humains à divers cocktails de cytokines : - les IL4-DCs (pour interleukine 4 - DCs) miment les DCs immatures myéloϊdes du sang, - les TGF-β DCs (pour tumor-growth factor β - DCs) miment les DCs mucosales à phénotype tolérogène, - les IFN-α DCs (pour interféron α DC) miment les DCs activées et inflammatoires recrutées au niveau des sites d'inflammation. Nous avons aussi traité au lipopolysaccharide (LPS) des IL-4 DCs afin de générer des DCs qui sur-expriment les marqueurs de maturation CD80 et CD86. Nos résultats montrent que les IFN-α DC et les IL-4 DCs traités au LPS ne supportent pas une infection productive au contraire des TGF-β DCs et des IL4-DCs qui sont productivement infectés par HTLV-1. La restriction virale des IFN-α DC et les IL-4 DCs traitées au LPS n'est pas due à leur production d'IFN. Nous avons montré que la susceptibilité des IL4-DCs à l'infection productive par HTLV-1 est liée à leur phénotype immature. De plus, nos résultats montrent qu'HTLV-1 est internalisé par macropinocytose dans les IL-4 DCs alors qu'il est internalisé par endocytose médiée par la clathrine dans les IFN-α DCs. Enfin, nous avons pu restaurer partiellement la susceptibilité à l'infection productive des IL-4 DCs traités au LPS et celle des IFN-α DCs et nous avons pu restreindre celle des IL-4 DCs immatures en modulant le pH de leurs endosomes. Ces résultats suggèrent que le virus utilise le trafic vésiculaire pour infecter les DCs et que le pH des vésicules conditionne, au moins partiellement, le devenir de l'infection productive. De plus, parmi les IL-4 DCs, les IL-4 DCs traités au LPS et les IFN α DCs, seules les IL-4 DCs qui sont productivement infectées peuvent transmettre HTLV-1 aux lymphocytes T. En conclusion, nos résultats suggèrent que c'est le sous type de DC que rencontre HTLV- 1 lors de la primo-infection ainsi que le trafic viral d'HTLV-1 dans la DC qui conditionnent ou pas l'établissement de l'infection productive de la DC ainsi que la transmission aux lymphocytes T / HTLV-1 (Human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1) is the etiological agent of Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In chronically infected patients, the provirus is mainly detected in the CD4 T-cell population and, to a lesser extent in myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), macrophages and monocytes. Among the different DCs subsets found in vivo, myeloid DCs from the blood, tolerogenic or inflammatory DCs from mucosa may first encounter HTLV-1 during blood transmission, breast-feeding or sexual transmission, respectively. They would then be able to transmit HTLV-1 to CD4 + T cells. This hypothesis is supported by the recent work of our team that showed that monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) are more susceptible to HTLV-1 infection in comparison to autologous T cells. We therefore asked whether all these DCs subsets were equally susceptible to HTLV-1 and whether the nature of the DC subset would impact HTLV-1 spread to T-cells. Human monocytes obtained from healthy blood donors were differentiated into IL-4 DCs, TGF-ß DCs or IFN-a DCs. In vitro-derived immature IL-4 DCs, TGF-ß DCs and IFN-a DCs mimic myeloid, tolerogenic and inflammatory DCs, respectively. We also generated LPS-matured IL-4 DCs that exhibited a strong maturation profile with over-expression of maturation markers. We observed HTLV-1 protein expression and provirus accumulation in IL-4 DCs and TGF-ß DCs but not in IFN-a DCs and LPS-matured IL-4 DCs. Despite their increased ability to capture HTLV-1 virion compared to IL-4 DCs and TGF-ß DCs, IFN-a DCs and LPS-matured IL-4 DCs restricted HTLV-1 productive infection. This was not due to the antiviral activity of type–I interferon produced by IFN-a DC or LPS-matured IL-4 DCs. In contrast, we showed that these differences in susceptibility to HTLV-1 infection might be linked to the maturation phenotype of the DCs subsets and to a different trafficking of HTLV-1 in IL-4 DC vs. IFN-a DC. Finally, using IL-4DCs, LPS-matured IL-4 DCs and IFN-a DCs, we demonstrate that productive infection rather than trans-infection is required for HTLV-1 transmission from DCs to CD4 T-cells. Thus, our results demonstrate that the nature of the DCs encountered by HTLV-1 during primo-infection and the trafficking route of the virus through the vesicular pathway of these cells determine the efficiency of viral transmission to T-cells
823

Caractérisation phénotypique, ontogénique et fonctionnelle du système phagocytaire mononucléé des plaques de Peyer / Phenotypical, ontogeny and functional characterization of the Peyer's patch mononuclear phagocyte system

Bonnardel, Johnny 01 October 2015 (has links)
Les plaques de Peyer (PP) sont les principaux sites inducteurs de la réponse immunitaire mucosale.L’épithélium associé aux follicules comprend des cellules épithéliales spécifiques, appelées cellules M et spécialisées dans le transport du matériel présent dans la lumière intestinale vers le dôme sous épithélial (SED) où il sera pris en charge par les cellules du système phagocytaire mononuclée (MPS) qui orchestreront ensuite les réponses immunitaires mucosales.Nous avons effectué une analyse complète du phénotype, de la distribution, de l’ontogénie, de la fonction et des profils transcriptomiques du MPS des PP. Nous avons montré que les monocytes donnent naissance à deux populations: les lysoDC et les lysoMac. La première exprime de fort niveau de CMH-II et de molécules de costimulation, a une courte durée de vie et est capable d’activer les lymphocytes T naïfs pour sécréter de l’IFNγ tandis que la deuxième exprime faiblement le CMH-II, à une longue durée de vie et n’est pas capable d’activer les LT naïfs. Ces deux populations ont toutefois des propriétés communes de phagocytose et de défense innée contre les virus et les bactéries entéropathogènes. Nous avons identifié deux populations distinctes de lysoMac selon l’expression de Tim4: les lysoMac Tim4+ situés dans l’IFR et la partie inférieure du follicule ; les lysoMac Tim4- situés dans le SED et la partie supérieure du follicule. Nous avons aussi déterminé 4 états de maturation pour les lysoDC suivant l’expression d’Emb, Jam-A et CD24. Nous avons également redéfini la localisation de chaque population du MPS des PP fournissant ainsi une base solide pour étudier le rôle de chacun de ses membres dans l’immunité mucosale. / Peyer’s patches (PPs) are primary inductive sites of mucosal immunity. The follicle-associated epithelium contains specialized epithelial cells, called M cells, that bind and rapidly transport microorganisms from the lumen to the subepithelial dome (SED) where they are internalized by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) which are involved in the initiation of the mucosal immune responses. MPS comprise monocytes, macrophages (Mφ) and dendritic cells (DC). Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, distribution, ontogeny, function, and transcriptional profile of PP MPS. We show that monocyte give rise to two different cell populations named lysoDC and lysoMac. The former express high levels of MHCII and costimulatory molecules, have a short half life and are able to prime naïve T cells for IFNγ production while the latter display low levels of MHCII, have a long half life and are unable to prime naïve T cells efficiently. However, these two cell populations share common features such as phagocytosis and antimicrobial defense mechanisms. LysoMac can be separated in two subpopulations according to Tim4 expression: Tim4+ lysoMac located in the IFR and the lower part of the follicle; Tim4- lysoMac located in the SED and upper part of the follicle. LysoDC can be separated in four different maturation stages according to Emb, Jam-A and CD24 expression. Finally, we redefined the location of each PP MPS population. In summary, we provide a comprehensive map of the PP MPS which will allow to study its role in mucosal immune response initiation and regulation.
824

Effet du virus de l'hépatite C sur les cellules plasmacytoïdes dendritiques

Dental, Clélia 04 March 2011 (has links)
Les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes (pDC) sont responsables de la production d'IFN de type I au cours des infections virales. L'élimination du virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) par une thérapie basée sur l'IFN-α chez plus de 50% des patients chroniquement infectés suggère une diminution possible de la production d'IFN-α endogène par les pDC. Cependant, les pDC exposées à des hépatocytes infectés par le VHC produisent de l'IFN de type I via la signalisation du TLR7. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié l'impact du virion du VHC sur les différentes fonctions des pDC que sont la production d’IFN-α et de TNF-α, l’expression de marqueurs de maturation et de la protéine cytotoxique TRAIL. De plus, nous sommes posés la question de l’effet de l'exposition des pDC à des hépatocytes infectés par le VHC sur l’induction des autres voies de signalisation que celle de l'IRF-7 et de l'IFN- et impliquant NF-κB nécessaire à d’autres fonctions des pDC. Nous montrons que l'exposition des pDC au virion du VHC extrait du sérum de patients ou produit en culture cellulaire induit une très faible production d'IFN-α et de TNF-α par les pDC par rapport à celle induite par le virus de l’Influenza et le virus de l'herpès de type 1 (HHV-1). Les virions complets du VHC ainsi que les particules dépourvues d’ARN viral (HCV-like particles) inhibent la production d'IFN-α des pDC stimulées avec les agonistes du récepteur « Toll-like Recptor 9 » (TLR9) (CpG-A ou HHV-1). Cependant, ils ne bloquent pas la production d'IFN-α induite par les agonistes du TLR7 (R848, virus de l’Influenza). Le niveau d’ARN messager de l'IFN-α traduit aussi de l’inhibition par le virion du VHC de la voie du TLR9 dès deux heures après stimulation par le CpG-A et corrèle avec régulation à la baisse de l'expression des ARN messagers du facteur de transcription IRF-7 et du récepteur TLR9. De plus, contrairement aux virus de l'influenza, R848 et CpG-B, les hépatocytes infectés par le VHC ne stimulent de façon significative ni la phosphorylation de la sous-unité p65 de NF-B ni la sécrétion de « tumor necrosis factor » (TNF)- par les pDC. Les cellules infectées par le VHC n'induisent pas non plus de façon significative l'expression de marqueurs de différenciation importants CD40, CCR7, et de la molécule de co-stimulation CD86 ni l’expression de TRAIL à la surface des pDC en comparaison avec les virus de l'influenza, R848 et CpG-B. Le profil de signalisation induit par les cellules infectées par le VHC chez les pDC ressemble à celui induit par le CpG-A et diffère de ceux induits par le CpG-B, R848 ou le virus de l’influenza. En conclusion, les premières interactions des particules virales aves des protéines cellulaires des pDC suivies de l'internalisation des particules et du blocage de la voie du TLR9 pourraient être à l’origine d’une détection moins efficace du virion du VHC par les pDC, et d’une production réduite d'IFN-α. De plus, nos résultats suggèrent que les hépatocytes infectées par le VHC signalisent uniquement dans les pDC via les endosomes recrutant IRF7, et que, tout comme le virion du VHC, ils n'induisent pas une réponse fonctionnelle complète des pDC. Nos résultats montrent donc un lien entre les voies de signalisation des pDC et leurs fonctions, et sont importants pour notre compréhension les mécanismes amenant à l’établissement d’une infection chronique par le VHC. / Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are responsible for the production of type I IFN during viral infections. The elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is based on IFN-alpha therapy and is effective in more than 50% of chronically infected patients. This suggests a possible decrease in production of IFN-alpha by endogenous pDCs. However, pDCs exposed to HCV-infected hepatocytes produce type I IFN via TLR7 signaling. In this study, we investigated the impact of HCV virions and of HCV-infected hepatoma cells on pDC functions such as production of IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha, expression of maturation markers and cytotoxic TRAIL protein. In addition, we evaluated the effect of exposure of pDCs to cell-asociated and cell-freed HCV on induction of IRF-7 and NF-kB signaling pathways. We show that exposure of pDCs to HCV virions from serum of patients or produced in cell culture induces a very low production of IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha by pDCs compared to that induced by Influenza virus and herpes virus type 1 (HHV-1). The complete HCV virions and particles lacking viral RNA (HCV-like particles) inhibit the production of IFN-α in pDCs stimulated with agonists of Toll-like Recptor 9 (TLR9) (CpG-A or HHV-1). However, they do not block the production of IFN-alpha induced by agonists of TLR7 (R848, influenza virus). The level of IFN-alpha mRNA also show the inhibition of TLR9 pathway by HCV virions from two hours after stimulation with CpG-A and correlates with downregulation of expression of mRNA of the transcription factor IRF-7 and TLR9. Moreover, unlike influenza virus, R848 and CpG-B, hepatocytes infected with HCV do not significantly stimulate the phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF- B or the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -  by pDCs. Cells infected with HCV do not induce significant expression of differentiation markers CD40, CCR7, and of costimulatory molecule CD86, nor the expression of TRAIL on the surface of pDC compared with the influenza virus, and with synthetic agonists of TLR7 (R848) and TLR9 (CpG-B). The signaling profile induced by cells infected with HCV is similar to that induced by CpG-A on pDCs and differs from those induced by CpG-B, R848 or influenza virus. In conclusion, the initial interations of viral particles with cellular proteins of pDC, followed by the internalization of particles and blockade of TLR9 pathway could cause a less efficient detection of HCV virions by pDCs, and reduced production of IFN-α. Moreover, our results suggest that hepatocytes infected with HCV signalize via endosomes recruiting IRF7, and that, like the HCV virion, they do not induce a complete functional response of pDCs. Our results show a link between the signaling pathways of pDCs and their functions, and are important for understanding the mechanisms leading to the establishment of chronic infection with HCV.
825

Mécanismes impliqués dans la polarisation des lymphocytes T CD4+ folliculaires et l'initiation de l'immunité muqueuse après immunisation intradermique par un antigène particulaire / Mechanisms implicated in follicular helper T cells polarization and mucosal immunity initiation after intradermal immunization with particles-based antigen

Nuttens, Charles 12 May 2014 (has links)
La nature des cellules dendritiques (DC) engagées lors d'une vaccination conditionne la qualité de la réponse immunitaire adaptative. L'immunisation par la peau est particulièrement efficace car elle cible de nombreuses sous-populations de DC cutanées telles que les cellules de Langerhans (LC). Cependant, les relations entre ces DC et les cellules effectrices associées à la réponse humorale ne sont pas connues. L'objectif de ma thèse est d'identifier les mécanismes cellulaires précoces impliqués dans l'initiation de la réponse humorale, dans un contexte de vaccination intradermique (i.d.) avec un antigène particulaire. En étudiant la distribution spatiale et temporelle des particules synthétiques de PLA adsorbées par la protéine p24 du VIH, nous avons observé leur prise en charge par les DC cutanées mais également par les DC résidentes des ganglions drainant de la peau. Cependant, l'étude de la réponse immunitaire a démontré que seules les cellules cutanées, et en particulier les LC, induisent la polarisation des lymphocytes T CD4+ folliculaires (TFH) et le développement des lymphocytes B sécrétant des IgA. L'immunisation i.d. a également généré l'infiltration de cellules inflammatoires au niveau du site d'injection et du ganglion. En utilisant un modèle murin Ccr2-/-, nous avons démontré que les cellules dépendantes de CCR2+ interfèrent avec la formation des TFH. Enfin, l'étude du micro-environnement ganglionnaire suggère que TNF est favorable à la polarisation des TFH. En conclusion, ces résultats soulignent l'importance de cibler les DC cutanées lors de la vaccination afin de proposer de nouvelles stratégies vaccinales. / The quality of the adaptive immune response to a vaccine is driven by the nature of dendritic cells (DCs) engaged during vaccination. Skin immunization is particularly efficient as it targets the numerous cutaneous DCs, including Langerhans cells (LCs). However, the relationship between DCs and effector cells associated with humoral immunity has not been elucidated. The main objective of my thesis was to identify cellular mechanisms implicated in the initialization of the humoral immune response, in the context of intradermal (i.d.) vaccination with particle-based antigens. In examining the spatial and temporal distribution of synthetic PLA particles adsorbed with the HIV-p24 protein, we observed their uptake by both cutaneous DCs and also skin-draining lymph node (dLNs) resident DCs. However, our immune response study highlighted that only skin cells, and in particular LCs, were able to stimulate polarization of follicular helper T cells (TFH) and the development of IgA-secreting B lymphocytes. I.d. vaccination also induced an inflammatory cell infiltration at both the injection site and in dLNs. Using a Ccr2-/- mouse model, we have shown the CCR2+ dependant cells can interfere in TFH polarization. Finally, the study of the dLN micro-environment suggested TNF can promote TFH formation. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of targeting skin DC in vaccination to propose new vaccine strategies.
826

Aanalyse de l' infection des différents sous-types de cellules dendritiques par Brucella abortus / Brucella abortus infection of different dendritic cell subsets

Papadopoulos, Alexia 10 September 2015 (has links)
Brucella est une bactérie à Gram négatif, responsable de la brucellose, une zoonose ré-émergente. Sans traitement efficace, la pathologie peut devenir chronique et atteindre une grande variété de cellules et d'organes. Il a été montré que cette capacité à persister dans l'organisme pourrait être facilitée par son aptitude à se répliquer dans les cellules dendritiques (DCs) et à contrôler leur maturation in vitro. Les DCs sont considérées comme les cellules présentatrices d'antigènes les plus efficaces du système immunitaire. Elles forment un réseau complexe de cellules composé de plusieurs populations qui différent par leur origine, leur fonction ou leur localisation. Ainsi l'étude des interactions entre Brucella et les DCs doit être approfondie à ces différents sous-types. Dans ce but, nous avons utilisé différents modèles d'obtention de DCs in vitro précédemment décrits dans la littérature. Ces différentes méthodes de culture nous permettent d'obtenir plusieurs populations de cellules qui partagent des caractéristiques phénotypiques et fonctionnelles avec les sous-types observés in vivo. Nous avons ensuite comparé l'infection par Brucella entre le modèle classique utilisant du GMCSF à des méthodes utilisant du Flt3l ou du GMCSF combiné au Flt3l, à l'IL15 encore à l'IL4. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le contrôle de la maturation des DCs n'est pas un phénomène retrouvé dans toutes les populations. Nous avons pu montrer que dans certaines conditions la réplication de Brucella est moins efficace. Le champ d'étude des interactions entre Brucella et les DCs reste étendu et la compréhension de ces mécanismes pourrait fournir des clés pour combattre cette bactérie. / Brucella is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium, responsible for a re-emergent zoonosis called brucellosis. Without effective treatment, the pathology may become chronic and reach a wide variety of cells and organs. This ability to persist into the organism has been pointed out as being presumably facilitated by its aptitude to replicate into dendritic cells (DCs) and to control their in vitro maturation. These cells are regarded as the most efficient antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. They form a complex network of cells consisting of several populations differing from each other from their origin, function or location. As a consequence, the interactions between Brucella and DCs should be studied more deeply as regarding the different subset. For that purpose, we used different models of in vitro DCs from former descriptive studies. These various culture methods allow us to get different population sharing phenotypic and functional features with the subtypes examined in vivo. Then, we compared Brucella infection of classical model using GMCSF to methods using Flt3l or GMCSF combined with Flt3l, IL15 or IL4. The results demonstrate that the control of DCs maturation is not a phenomenon that we can find again in every population. Moreover, we showed that the replication of Brucella is less active under certain conditions. The scope of the study on the interactions between Brucella and DCs remains extensive, and the understanding of those mechanisms might open doors in the fight against this bacterium.
827

A influência de diferentes meios de cultura na geração de células dendríticas para o tratamento imunoterápico de pacientes com leucemia mieloide aguda / The influence of different culture media in generation of dendritic cells for immunotherapeutic treatment of acute myeloid leukemia patients

Simoneti, Gisele da Silva, 1983- 01 April 2013 (has links)
Orientadores: Simone Cristina Olenscki Gilli, Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simoneti_GiseledaSilva_M.pdf: 1770601 bytes, checksum: 967e921fb162c153636ac91afdd1f138 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Células dendríticas (DCs) são as principais células apresentadoras de antígeno do sistema imune, capazes de estimular o linfócito T a iniciar resposta imune especifica. Vacinas de DCs vêm sendo utilizadas como forma de tratamento imunoterápico adjuvante para várias neoplasias. Protocolos para geração dessas células têm sido desenvolvidos e o método ideal de produção para uso clínico ainda necessita ser definido. É fundamental a definição de protocolos e reagentes que ofereçam, a partir de células mononucleares do sangue periférico, células dendríticas seguras e funcionais para uso clínico. A suplementação de meios de cultura com soro de origem animal e humano leva á riscos de xenosensibilização e transmissão de doenças. O uso do soro autólogo parece oferecer menos riscos ao paciente, porém a presença de fatores imunossupressores nesse soro poderia interferir na qualidade das DCs produzidas. Vários tipos de meios livres de soro, baseados nas boas práticas de produção - "good manufacture practice" (GMP), têm sido utilizados recentemente e parecem ser uma opção viável. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os resultados da diferenciação, maturação e funcionalidade de DCs de pacientes com LMA, produzidas em meios livres de soro e em meio suplementado com soro autólogo. Concluímos que os meios de cultura livres de soro foram eficientes na produção de DCs para fins imunoterápicos em pacientes com LMA. Em contrapartida, o uso de soro autólogo parece interferir na capacidade funcional das DCs geradas / Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, capable of stimulating T lymphocytes to initiate specific immune responses. Vaccines based on DCs have been used as a treatment adjuvant immunotherapy for various malignancies. Protocols for generating these cells have been developed and the optimal method of production for clinical use remains to be defined. There is a great interest in the definition of protocols and reagents providing from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, functional and safe dendritic cells for clinical use. Supplementation of culture media with serum from animal and human leads to reactions due the animal proteins and transmission of disease. The use of autologous serum seems to offer less risk to the patient, but the presence of immunosuppressive factors may affect the quality of the DCs produced. Several types of serum-free media, based on "good manufacture practice" (GMP), have been used recently and seem to be a viable option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the differentiation, maturation and function of DCs from AML patients, generated in serum-free media and media supplemented with autologous serum. We concluded that the serum-free media were efficient in the production of DCs for immunotherapy in AML patients. However, the use of autologous serum appears to interfere with the functional capacity of generated DCs / Mestrado / Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento / Mestra em Fisiopatologia Médica
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Modulação da artrite experimental induzida pela associação de colágeno tipo II e ovalbumina / Modulation of experimental arthritis induced by the association of ovalbumin and type II collagen

Thomé, Rodolfo, 1987- 18 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Wirla Maria da Silva Cunha Tamashiro. Patrícia Ucelli Simioni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thome_Rodolfo_M.pdf: 2705250 bytes, checksum: 05d8c21f84c00f9da679ff148b082292 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O camundongo BALB/c, linhagem geneticamente resistente à artrite induzida por colágeno (CIA), pode desenvolver um quadro similar ao de camundongos susceptíveis quando uma proteína não relacionada ao próprio, como a ovalbumina (OVA), é associada a colágeno tipo II (CII). Utilizando esse modelo, avaliamos se a tolerância oral a OVA poderia interferir nas respostas imunes contra CII, bem como o efeito da transferência adotiva de células dendríticas (DCs) tolerogênicas para camundongos artríticos. Para avaliação dos efeitos da tolerância oral sobre o desenvolvimento de artrite em BALB/c, os camundongos foram alimentados com OVA misturada à água de beber na concentração de 4mg/mL, por sete dias consecutivos, antes ou depois do desafio com CII+OVA (100?g/mL de cada antígeno). Para avaliar a participação de células dendríticas (DCs) tolerogênicas na modulação da artrite em BALB/c, células CD11c+ foram isoladas de baços de animais tolerantes à OVA e transferidas adotivamente para camundongos naïve, que foram subsequentemente imunizados com CII+OVA (100?g de cada antígeno). Para acompanhamento da evolução dos quadros de artrite, foram avaliados: o edema de patas, tomando-se regularmente as medidas de espessura de patas; realizadas análises histológicas dos tecidos articulares de joelhos e; conduzidas avaliações ex-vivo dos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-CII e de respostas proliferativas e produção de citocinas de linfócitos T esplênicos. O tratamento com OVA antes da indução de CIA preveniu o desenvolvimento da artrite em todos os parâmetros analisados, enquanto que o tratamento com OVA após o estabelecimento da doença reduziu significativamente a inflamação e a produção de anticorpos anti-CII. Observamos ainda que a transferência de DCs tolerogênicas preveniu o aparecimento dos sinais clínicos da doença e o aumento dos níveis de anticorpos específicos no soro e reduziu significativamente a proliferação de linfócitos T CII-específicos. Enquanto a frequência de células CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ foi maior nas culturas de células de animais recipientes de DCs tolerogênicas, houve redução significativa na frequência de células produtoras de IFN? e IL-17. Os níveis de TGF-?, IL-4 e IL-10 foram significativamente mais elevados nas culturas de células esplênicas de animais recipientes de DCs tolerogênicas, enquanto que os de IFN-?, IL-6 e TNF-? foram mais reduzidos. Tomados em conjunto, nossos resultados indicam que a tolerância oral a um antígeno não relacionado ao próprio modifica o curso da artrite experimental em resposta ao colágeno, e que células dendríticas com perfil tolerogênico estão envolvidas nos fenômenos observados / Abstract: BALB/c mice, genetically resistant to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), can develop a inflammatory condition resembling what is observed in susceptible strains when a non-related protein, such as ovalbumin (OVA), is associated with type II collagen (CII). Using this model, we evaluated whether oral tolerance to OVA could interfere in the immune response against CII, as well as the effect of adoptive transfer of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) to arthritic mice. In order to evaluate the effect of oral tolerance over arthritis development in BALB/c mice, animals were fed with OVA in the drinking water at a 4mg/mL concentration, for seven consecutive days, before or after challenge with CII+OVA (100?g of each antigen). In order to evaluate the participation of tolerogenic DCs in the modulation of arthritis, splenic CD11c+ cells were isolated from OVA tolerant mice and adoptively transferred to naïve mice, which were subsequently immunized with CII+OVA. In order to monitor the evolution of the severity of arthritis, we evaluated paw edema, taking paw thickness regularly measured; performed histological analyses of articular knee tissues and, conducted ex-vivo evaluation of serum specific antibody levels and proliferation and cytokine secretion of splenic T lymphocytes. The treatment with OVA before CIA induction prevented the development of arthritis in all analyzed parameters, while the treatment after disease onset significantly reduced inflammation and CII-specific antibody production. We also observed that tolerogenic DC transfer prevented the appearance of clinical signs of arthritis, the increase of serum specific antibody levels and significantly reduced CII-specific T lymphocytes proliferation. While the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells were higher in cell culture from tolerogenic DC recipient mice, frequency of IFN?- and IL-17- producing cells were significantly reduced. We observed that levels of TGF-?, IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly higher in cultures of splenic cells from mice recipient of tolerogenic DC, while levels of IFN-?, IL-6 and TNF-? were reduced. Taken together, our results indicate that oral tolerance to a non-related antigen modifies the course of experimental arthritis in response to collagen, and that dendritic cells with a tolerogenic profile are involved in the observed phenomena / Mestrado / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Efeito do interferon tipo I na indução da função tolerogênica das células dendríticas plasmocitóides na encefalomielite experimental autoimune = Effect of type I interferon induction of tolerogenic function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis / Effect of type I interferon induction of tolerogenic function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Santos, Mariana Peres Almeida, 1988- 08 May 2014 (has links)
Orientadores: Leonilda Maria Barbosa dos Santos, Alessandro dos Santos Farias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_MarianaPeresAlmeida_M.pdf: 3287854 bytes, checksum: 80bab808b4f3e83a5512a78140733089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O Resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The Abstract is available with the full electronic digital document / Mestrado / Imunologia / Mestra em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Avaliação da proliferação de linfócitos T CD8+ por células dendríticas desafiadas com pró-oxidantes. / Assessment of T CD8+ lymphocytes proliferation by dendritic cells challenged with pro-oxidants.

Gilberto Moreira Piassa Filho 23 September 2010 (has links)
Para serem apresentados pelo MHC I em células dendríticas, os antígenos são processados pelo imunoproteassomo. O objetivo do trabalho foi examinar o efeito de pró-oxidantes em DC para avaliação da proliferação de linfócitos T CD8+, com foco no sistema ubiquitina-proteassomo. Os resultados mostram que o sistema Xantina/Xantina Oxidase aumentou a proliferação de T CD8+ isolados de camundongos imunizados com DNA-HSP65 após a co-cultura destas células com DC tratadas com XaXO. O XaXO promoveu maior maturação de DC em relação ao LPS, assim como uma queda da atividade catalítica do IP, sugerindo que o aumento da proliferação de T CD8+ não está diretamente relacionado à atividade do IP. A incubação de DC com XaXO não alterou a expressão da unidade catalítica 20S, da unidade regulatória 19S ou da subunidade <font face=\"Symbol\">&#9465i. Observou-se aumento da expressão da unidade regulatória 11S e do conteúdo de proteínas ubiquitinadas. Sugere-se que 11S se acoplaria a 20S deslocando 19S, promovendo o acúmulo de proteínas ubiquitinadas e direcionando mais fragmentos para a apresentação antigênica. / To be presented in dendritic cells MHC I, antigens are processed by immunoproteasome. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of pro-oxidants in dendritic cell-induced T CD8+ lymphocyte proliferation with focus on ubiquitin-proteasome system. The co-culture of DC incubated with Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase system and T CD8+ isolated from mice immunized with DNA-HSP65 promoted T CD8+ proliferation. XaXO incubation was more efficient in promoting DC maturation compared to LPS. In addition, XaXO incubation decreased IP catalytic activity in relation to LPS, suggesting that increased T CD8+ proliferation is not directly related to IP activity. XaXO incubation did not alter the expression of 20S catalytic subunit, 19S regulatory unit or <font face=\"Symbol\">&#9465i subunit. XaXO incubation increased 11S regulatory unit content as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins. We suggest that the DC incubation with XaXO increased 11S content favoring its coupling to 20S in detriment of 19S. This would increase ubiquitinated protein levels and direct more peptide fragments for antigen presentation.

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