<p>AbstractReading books to children is often an integral part in preschool activities. The purpose of thisstudy is to investigate how educators think about the educational function of literature inpreschool activities. I have in my study used qualitative interviews with active educators andobservations to answer my questions about why the educator reads to the children, how theeducator thinks about the choice of literature and if the literature can contribute to thechildrens development and if so, how. The knowledge- and research background presentsliterature and previous research done on the subject. The results of my study shows that theeducators have many thoughts about the importance of literature in preschool. The educatorsconsider that the use of literature can contribute to the childrens language development,improve empathic ability and encourage imagination. A common view of the use of literaturewas also to gather the children to get them calm and relaxed after lunch. The educatorsexpressed that the lack of time was a problem to make the use of literature to such ameaningful activity that it could be.</p> / <p>SammandragAtt läsa böcker för barnen är ofta en självklar del i förskolans verksamhet. Syftet med dettaarbete är att undersöka hur pedagoger tänker kring barnlitteraturens pedagogiska funktion iförskolans verksamhet. Jag har i min undersökning använt mig av kvalitativa intervjuer medverksamma pedagoger samt observationer för att få svar på mina frågeställningar som handlarom varför pedagogen läser för barnen, hur pedagogen resonerar kring valet av litteratur iverksamheten samt om pedagogen anser att litteraturen kan bidra till barnets utveckling ochom så, hur. I kunskaps- och forskningsbakgrunden beskrivs litteratur som behandlar ämnetsamt tidigare forskning som gjorts om barnlitteraturens funktion. Resultatet av minundersökning visar att pedagogerna har många tankar om litteraturens betydelse iverksamheten. Att användning av litteratur kan bidra till språkutveckling, öka den empatiskaförmågan och främja fantasin var tankar pedagogerna gav uttryck för. Ett vanligtförekommande syfte med att läsa för barnen var att samla dem och få dem lugna ochavslappnade efter lunch. Att omsätta den kunskap och vilja pedagogerna hade kringhögläsning och barnlitteratur upplevdes som en svårighet då tiden ofta inte räckte till för attdet skulle kunna bli en så meningsfull aktivitet som möjligt.</p>

AbstractReading books to children is often an integral part in preschool activities. The purpose of thisstudy is to investigate how educators think about the educational function of literature inpreschool activities. I have in my study used qualitative interviews with active educators andobservations to answer my questions about why the educator reads to the children, how theeducator thinks about the choice of literature and if the literature can contribute to thechildrens development and if so, how. The knowledge- and research background presentsliterature and previous research done on the subject. The results of my study shows that theeducators have many thoughts about the importance of literature in preschool. The educatorsconsider that the use of literature can contribute to the childrens language development,improve empathic ability and encourage imagination. A common view of the use of literaturewas also to gather the children to get them calm and relaxed after lunch. The educatorsexpressed that the lack of time was a problem to make the use of literature to such ameaningful activity that it could be. / SammandragAtt läsa böcker för barnen är ofta en självklar del i förskolans verksamhet. Syftet med dettaarbete är att undersöka hur pedagoger tänker kring barnlitteraturens pedagogiska funktion iförskolans verksamhet. Jag har i min undersökning använt mig av kvalitativa intervjuer medverksamma pedagoger samt observationer för att få svar på mina frågeställningar som handlarom varför pedagogen läser för barnen, hur pedagogen resonerar kring valet av litteratur iverksamheten samt om pedagogen anser att litteraturen kan bidra till barnets utveckling ochom så, hur. I kunskaps- och forskningsbakgrunden beskrivs litteratur som behandlar ämnetsamt tidigare forskning som gjorts om barnlitteraturens funktion. Resultatet av minundersökning visar att pedagogerna har många tankar om litteraturens betydelse iverksamheten. Att användning av litteratur kan bidra till språkutveckling, öka den empatiskaförmågan och främja fantasin var tankar pedagogerna gav uttryck för. Ett vanligtförekommande syfte med att läsa för barnen var att samla dem och få dem lugna ochavslappnade efter lunch. Att omsätta den kunskap och vilja pedagogerna hade kringhögläsning och barnlitteratur upplevdes som en svårighet då tiden ofta inte räckte till för attdet skulle kunna bli en så meningsfull aktivitet som möjligt.

Les débats autour du « durable » retournent le regard du développement vers le local. La participation citoyenne commence ainsi à intégrer les projets de développement territorial en tant qu’outil pour faire rapprocher les habitants aux décisions et aux décideurs de projets, en même temps qu’ils se réapproprient leur territoire. Les publications apparues autour de la participation jusqu’à présent se dédient notamment à sa définition et moyens. Certaines se positionnent dans un contexte précis et nous donnent des idées plus concrètes du terrain. Cependant, la plupart de recherches sur la participation et la concertation analysent soit des cas liés à la gestion de ressources naturelles (gestion de l’eau ou des forêts...), soit de l’aménagement urbain. Il existe pourtant une activité qui est encore peu étudiée et qui touche l’ensemble des caractéristiques du territoire : le tourisme. Peu d’ouvrages (notamment sur le tourisme solidaire ou responsable) sont dédiés à analyser l’importance du développement participatif dans le domaine. Nous souhaitons étudier ce type de développement dans le tourisme de manière globale afin de comprendre les relations complexes entre la population, les décideurs, les autres acteurs, le projet, le territoire et les touristes. Même si nous nous inspirons des cas de développement participatif dans d’autres domaines, il restera toujours une marge de différence assez significative entre eux et le tourisme. C’est pourquoi nous croyons que des analyses plus précises d’un développement participatif dans le tourisme doivent être menées en parallèle. Ces analyses cherchent comprendre tout d’abord dans quelles mesures ce type de développement est important pour l’évolution durable du tourisme pour ensuite déterminer les niveaux de participation plus pertinents et comment les mettre en oeuvre. Ce travail a un caractère exploratoire et cherche développer une compréhension théorique du(des) rôle(s) de la participation citoyenne aux décisions et projets touristiques. Même si cette recherche devrait être considérée plus exploratoire que comparative, nous avons autant l’ambition de tracer quelques comparaisons vers la fin. La motivation première de cette étude concerne la nécessité d’impliquer les habitants dans les politiques et projets touristiques locaux. Ainsi, la question globale de la recherche a été identifiée : la participation de la population peut-elle représenter un facteur de durabilité pour le développement d’un tourisme plus inscrit dans le territoire ? À partir de là, d’autres questionnements sont faits : Quelle est la réalité de la participation citoyenne dans les décisions touristiques ? Les avis de la population sont-ils pris en compte par les autorités responsables ? Comment cette implication peut-elle influencer à la fois le tourisme installé sur le territoire (images, valorisation, accueil, flux...) et la vie quotidienne des habitants (qualité, sentiments, aménités, relations...) ? / Debates around “sustainability” focus the development on the local level. Citizen participation becomes therefore part of territorial development projects as a tool that at the same time brings closer inhabitants and projects decision-makers and allows the first ones to reappropriate their territory. Publications about participation so far worry about its definition and the necessary means. Some talk about more precised contexts and give us real concrete ideas. Nevertheless, research about participation and dialogue analyzes either cases of natural resources management (e.g. water or forests management) or city planning. There is however a less studied activity which touches all the characteristics of a territory: tourism. Few texts (mainly about solidarity or responsible tourism) are dedicated to the analysis of the importance of participatory development in the sector. We propose a general study of this kind of development in tourism in order to understand complex relations between population, decision-makers, other actors, projects, territory and tourists. Even if we get inspired by cases of participatory development in other fields, there will always be a large margin of difference between them and tourism. That is why we believe that more specific analyses of participatory development in tourism must be drawn in parallel. These analyses try firstly to understand in which ways this kind of development is important to a sustainable evolution of tourism. In this way, later on the study it is possible to determine the pertinent levels of participation and how to employ them. This work has an explorative character and seeks to develop a theoretical understanding of citizen participation role(s) in touristic decision-making and projects. Even though the study should be considered as explorative rather than comparative, our ambition is to make some comparative notes by the end of it. The initial research problem motivating this study concerns the need of involvement of inhabitants in local touristic politics and projects. Hence, one overall research question has been defined: Can people’s participation represent a factor of sustainability to the development of a tourism fitting well in a territory? From that reflection, other questions are made: What is the reality of citizen participation in touristic decision-making? Are people’s opinions taken into consideration by the responsible authorities? How can this involvement influence at the same time the tourism on a territory (images, promotion, welcome, flows, etc.) and the everyday life of inhabitants (quality, feelings, amenities, relations, etc.)?

Cette thèse traite des enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires de l’agriculture sous l’angle de l’économie comportementale. En partant de l’exemple emblématique fourni par la contestation sociale de l’usage des pesticides dans la filière vin, nous montrons pourquoi la réorientation durable du système productif ne peut s’affranchir d’une analyse des arbitrages effectués par les agents économiques. Du côté de la demande, nous mesurons expérimentalement l’effet concurrentiel des certifications (agriculture biologique) et des innovations technologiques (e.g. cépages résistants, réduction des sulfites) sur les préférences des consommateurs. Nous observons que ceux-ci sont prêts à revoir en partie leurs exigences gustatives en faveur d’un niveau élevé de qualité environnementale, mais que leurs motivations sont en partie liées à des attentes sanitaires, générant des signaux contradictoires pour l’offre. Le faible niveau d’information auquel ils ont accès constitue par ailleurs un frein à la sélection des meilleurs produits. Au niveau de l’offre, nous soutenons que la réponse à cette demande reste fortement limitée par l’inertie du système productif. Celle-ci peut être attribuée à une aversion au risque mais aussi, de nouveau, à un déficit informationnel, bien plus qu’à des comportements déviants liés au mimétisme, souvent incriminé en agriculture. Ce déficit porte cette fois sur les possibilités d’action de l’amont de la filière, dans notre cas les viticulteurs. Nous donnons alors des pistes d’orientation des politiques publiques de régulation, au niveau global ou au niveau plus local de la gouvernance d’entreprise, pour faciliter l’adéquation entre offre et demande sociétale. / This thesis deals with the impact of agriculture on health and the environment from a behavioural economics perspective. Focusing on the controversial use of pesticides in the winegrowing industry, I demonstrate the importance of considering the trade-offs made by economic actors in order to understand the obstacles hindering a shift to sustainable production. On the consumer side, I experimentally measure the competitive effect of certification (organic farming) and technological innovations (e.g. resistant grapevines, reduction of sulphites) on consumers’ preferences. I observe that consumers are partly willing to review their taste requirements in exchange for high environmental quality level, but that their motives are essentially health-oriented, generating contradictory signals towards producers. Besides, selecting the best products is hampered by the little information consumers are provided with. On the supply side, I argue that ability to meet demand is strongly limited by the inertia of the production system. This inertia can be attributed to risk aversion but again, to a large extent, to a lack of information, rather than being, as is often suggested in an agricultural context, the result of imitation. This lack of information this time concerns the various options available upstream, in this instance, on the part of winegrowers. I then provide guidelines for public regulatory policies, at global level or at more local level of corporate governance, to enable a match between supply and societal demand.

The thesis covers Czech-German relation in mainly German Jihlava and gradual national awareness of Czech minority in given time period. The religious and social life of this minority was closely linked with the Catholic Church. Main pastoral service for Czech people was provided by the St.Jacob's parish, administred by Premonstratensians from Strahov. Cultural and religious life was interconnected in observed period, therefore in the thesis there is information about education at that time included. And because the proportion between nationalities changed over the years, there is also information about the demographic development. The main subject of the thesis is the means of pastoration and the forms of religious life closely associated with the national life. Even at that time, the position of the Catholic Church was not as simple as it may seem at first sight.

The Thesis purpose is in the context of system development validate the Scrum Methodology. Projects concerning information technology are difficult to manage and tend to fail in quality, time or costs. Scrum presents a new view of the system development. Better cooperation between customers and developers, continuous follow-up on daily basis and extensive communication in the development team are all characteristics of Scrum. Scrum is described as a new paradigm by its founders but has been criticized by experts of system development too. This Thesis discuss if Scrum is a better way to develop software than older models like the Rational Unified Process and the Spiral Model with focus in five factors. The result of the study is that Scrum has given system development new ways to manage requirements and methods to push the project forward. Lack of management commitment and user involvement can be better with Scrum if the model is used in the right way. Answers concerning coding and testing differ between the respondents in the study which makes it different to make conclusions regarding this factor. / Syftet med uppsatsen är att i en systemutvecklingskontext beskriva de problem som gör att IT-projekt misslyckas och utvärdera om användningen av den agila utvecklingsmodellen Scrum reducerar problemen. IT-projekt tenderar att misslyckas och de bakomliggande orsakerna är flera. Uppsatsen grupperar misslyckande av IT-projekt i fem faktorer. Ledningsstöd, användarmedverkan, projektstyrning, kravhantering samt kodning och test. Scrum är en agil systemutvecklingsmodell som av sina skapare beskrivits som ett paradigmskifte inom systemutvecklingen. Korta tidsintervaller, självgående systemutvecklare, daglig uppföljning är några av Scrums kännetecken. För att besvara syftet har en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod använts. En intervjuserie med tio intervjuer och en observation ligger till grund för undersökningens resultat. All insamlad data är insamlad på fallföretaget Banverket Verksamhetsstöd IT. Undersökningen har visat att Scrum ger en del nya angreppssätt främst avseende projektstyrning och kravhantering. Scrum innehåller möjligheter för ökad användarmedverkan och ledningsstöd men det krävs konkreta åtgärder från projektorganisationen om det ska lyckas fullt ut. Uppfattningar kring kodning och test skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken respondent som frågas. Det tyder på att det saknas tydliga rutiner i det här avseendet. Slutsatsen blir därmed att Scrum reducerar några av de problem som finns i IT-projekt och därmed med fördel kan användas som en best practice.

The Management of the education is the five years old filed of study of the Faculty of Education of Charles University in Prague. This dissertation is looks for some trends of this field, based on all dissertations of the department for the period 2012-2016. The dissertation also provides an overview that is good for understanding of important concepts such as management, school management, educational policy or management ef education. The main goal of this dissertation is to map the development of topics and contents that have appeared during the last five years in the dissertation of the department, to analyze the problems that were most often encountered and to find out which factors influenced the selection of themes and the whole process.

The thesis concerns small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech republic. The thesisi is determined by the general definition of entrepreneur, small and medium-sized enterprises, business environment, related laws and sources of funding. General definitions were applied in the case study on the specific region -- microregion of Podralsko. Public administration support of small and medium-sized enterprises occurs either in direct or indirect form, the sources of fundings may be drawn from the state budget, from the local-authorities budget and from european sources. The role od public administration and other institutions in small and medium-sized enterprises support affects small and medium-sized enterprises on natinal, regional and local level of microregions and municipalities.

The Internet is one of the phenomenons of our time. As of speed and reach it surpasses all media on the world and unlike every other medium it actively engages all people to the process of creating the news. Basic attributes of the Internet make it a power standing above states -- it crosses national borders and doesn't have any direct owner -- and at the same time these attributes make it a power that is practically almost unregulatable. The Internet is regulated on a national level, but there are attempts to pay attention to it on the international level as well. The UN, Human Rights Council especially, examines the issue of the access to the Internet as a human right. This thesis examnies the effort of international community to formulate right to Internet as a human right. The right to Internet can be observed in two ways -- as a right to the content of the Internet and as a right to the technology of the Internet. This thesis observes both these dimensions and examines the international community's stance to their incorporation in the catalogue of human rights.

The diploma thesis deals with the concept of fairness perception by pupils of primary school. The aim of this work is to get to know the ways in which children at primary school think about fairness and what they consider fair and unfair. The theoretical part describes approaches to the topic in terms of psychology, pedagogy and ethics. The theoretical part consists of three main chapters. The first chapter deals with the concept of fairness and possible interpretations of this word. In the second chapter, the reader reads about the different concepts of moral reasoning. The thesis introduces the reader to the concept of moral development by Jean Piaget and the stage theory of Lawrence Kohlberg. The thesis also describes some theories of moral reasoning created by some of Kohlberg's followers or critics. The third chapter identifies some determinants that can influence moral reasoning when dealing with primary school pupils. The practical part consist of a research probe concerning the moral reasoning of pupils. This research probe works with a moral dilemma created by Jean Piaget. The moral dilemma concerns the perception of fairness and works with fair punishment. This dilemma is discussed with pupils in group interviews. The research probe was conducted with pupils of the second and third grade...