This diploma thesis focuses on problems with expressing modality in German language system. It also deals with modality adaptation in contemporary textbooks for teaching German as a foreign language at CEFR level A1-A2. In the beginning the thesis deals with theoretical adaptation of modality and ist possibilities of expressing in grammatical and lexical system of contemporary German Language. The end of theoretical part pays attention to teaching German as a foreign language, especially to problems with grammar arrangement or more precisely modality. The empirical part focuses on analysis of modality presentation in selected textbooks at CEFR level A1-A2 at lower secondary schools and corresponding grammar schools. The attention is aimed at formal, pragmatic and stylistic aspect of presenting the phenomenon, as well as comprehensibility, suitability and reasonability of its adaptation.

Esta Dissertação tem como objetivos identificar e analisar os discursos da masculinidade presentes no livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", organizado pelo engenheiro, educador e escritor brasileiro José Theodoro de Souza Lobo. Esse livro, editado pela Livraria Selbach & CIA, foi aprovado pelo Conselho de Instrução e por uma comissão da Escola Militar do Rio Grande do Sul para ser adotado nas escolas públicas e nas escolas particulares nessa Província. Com base nas teorizações sobre as relações de gênero, segundo o viés pós-estruturalista, metodologicamente, foi desenvolvido um movimento que denominei analítico-descritivo-analítico, documentando e sistematizando o conjunto de informações focadas nesse livro didático e ampliadas por demais fontes, entre elas, legislação da época, cartas-parecer e manual de civilidade. Essas fontes, necessárias ao objetivo em questão, foram tomadas como monumentos no sentido foucaultiano. A escolha do livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos" deu-se por considerá-lo um artefato cultural, compreendendo que nele circularam discursos que implicaram - direta ou indiretamente - a produção de identidades de gênero, de acordo com determinados modos de ser menino. Foram estabelecidos quatro focos de análise: O ensino de Matemática no livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", em que descrevo e analiso alguns aspectos em relação aos conteúdos desenvolvidos nos três primeiros capítulos do livro; O nome de autor, em que examino de que maneira, em que condições e segundo quais regras foi produzido, utilizado e valorizado o livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos"; A inferiorização da identidade feminina, em que verifico que saberes foram produzidos e veiculados através do livro didático de Matemática sobre feminilidades, determinando "modos de ser mulher"; A constituição da masculinidade, em que analiso a contribuição desse livro didático no fortalecimento de uma educação diferenciada para meninos, problematizando as significações criadas sobre "modos de ser menino" dados como normais, corretos, naturais, únicos. Por fim, concluo que esse livro didático, através de um conhecimento matemático - Aritmética - desenvolvido para meninos, permitiu a circulação de discursos que contribuíram para a produção de masculinidades, em consonância com o proposto pela legislação e pelas orientações estabelecidas nos manuais de civilidade da época. / This dissertation aims at both identifying and analyzing discourses of masculinity in the didactic book named "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", organized by the engineer, educator and writer José Theodoro de Souza Lobo. This book, published by Livraria Selbach & CIA, was approved by Conselho de Instrução and a commission from Escola Militar do Rio Grande do Sul to be adopted in public and private schools in that province. Based on theories about gender relations, according to the post-structuralist view, in terms of methodology, I have developed a movement that I have characterized as analytical-descriptive-analytical, documenting and systematizing the set of information focused on that didactic book and broadened with the help of other sources, such as regulations, reports and civility handbooks that were current at the time of its publication. Those sources, which have been necessary to the achievement of the objective of this study, have been taken as monuments, in the Foucauldian sense. The didactic book "Primeira Arithmetica para Meninos" has been regarded as a cultural artifact that spread contents implying - both directly and indirectly - the production of gender identities, in accordance with certain ways of being a boy. Four focuses have been set for analysis: 1) Mathematics teaching in the didactic book "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", in which I have described and analyzed some aspects of the contents developed in the first three chapters of the book; 2) The author's name, in which I have examined how, and under which conditions and regulations, the didactic book "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos" was produced, used and valued; 3) Lowering of the female identity, in which I have observed which knowledges were produced and spread through the Mathematics didactic book concerning femininities, thus determining "ways of being a woman"; and 4) The constitution of masculinity, in which I have both analyzed the contribution of this book towards the strengthening of a differentiated education for boys, and problematized significations created about "ways of being a boy" taken as normal, correct, natural, and unique. Finally, I have concluded that this didactic book, through a mathematical knowledge - Arithmetic - developed for boys, allowed for the circulation of discourses that contributed to the production of masculinities, in accordance with what was proposed by regulations and guidelines pointed out in civility handbooks from that time.

abstract: The advancement of technology has substantively changed the practices of numerous professions, including teaching. When an instructor first adopts a new technology, established classroom practices are perturbed. These perturbations can have positive and negative, large or small, and long- or short-term effects on instructors’ abilities to teach mathematical concepts with the new technology. Therefore, in order to better understand teaching with technology, we need to take a closer look at the adoption of new technology in a mathematics classroom. Using interviews and classroom observations, I explored perturbations in mathematical classroom practices as an instructor implemented virtual manipulatives as novel didactic objects in rational function instruction. In particular, the instructor used didactic objects that were designed to lay the foundation for developing a conceptual understanding of rational functions through the coordination of relative size of the value of the numerator in terms of the value of the denominator. The results are organized according to a taxonomy that captures leader actions, communication, expectations of technology, roles, timing, student engagement, and mathematical conceptions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mathematics Education 2017

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo produzir contribuições para a pesquisa e para a didática do Ensino de História a partir da compreensão do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de História no contexto da sala de aula. A partir do enfoque fenomenológico, baseado no método intuitivo bergsoniano, essa pesquisa contou com observação de duas salas de aula de História em diferentes escolas, registro em diário de campo, aplicação de questionário a professores e alunos e gravação de áudio das aulas. O trabalho de campo foi realizado entre março e julho de 2015, contou com a observação de três professores e duas turmas, uma do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental II e outra da 3ª série do Ensino Médio. Após o período de observação, os dados coletados foram sistematizados, dando origem à estrutura do fenômeno do ensino de História em sala de aula. Essa estrutura gira em torno da categoria central Sala de Aula, possuindo duas subcategorias, Ensino e Cultura e Sociedade. De ambas as bases saem diversos segmentos, subsegmentos e ramificações, formando uma teia complexa de fenômenos. Após a definição das categorias de análise encontradas em campo, foram sistematizadas diferentes contribuições dentro da área da didática da História. Esses dados foram confrontados com os fatos observados, ampliando a compreensão do fenômeno e abrindo outras perspectivas de pesquisa. Esse contraste entre ideal e real também demonstra o quanto teoria e prática estão, por vezes, desconectadas, seja pela incompletude do processo realizado pelos professores em sala de aula, como pelo plano ideal ou da experiência pessoal de autores diversos sobre o qual são construídas essas recomendações metodológicas. Ainda que exista um descompasso entre teoria e prática, os professores observados conseguiram desenvolver a aprendizagem histórica em suas aulas, considerando-se a disparidade existente entre o envolvimento de cada aluno nas aulas. Para além das questões metodológicas, a memória destaca-se como fenômeno indispensável ao ensino de História e é frequentemente mobilizada por meio da sondagem de conhecimentos prévios. No que diz respeito a forma como a cultura se faz presente na sala de aula de História, observou-se a evocação de dados do cotidiano e representações sociais que se manifestaram, em muitos casos, por meio de episódios de preconceito e discriminação, sobretudo raciais. Diante dos resultados encontrados, observa-se a possibilidade de estruturação do ensino de História enquanto uma cadeia de fenômenos e levanta-se como hipóteses que suas variáveis podem sofrer intervenções de forma isolada ou não e que o aprimoramento metodológico dos professores poderia contribuir para a ampliação da aprendizagem histórica, além de levar a superação de uma série de representações sociais que tem se reproduzido ao longo tempo e encontrado meios de adaptação e sobrevivência mesmo diante dos progressos sociais vividos nas últimas décadas. / This work aims to produce contributions to the research and didactic of History Teaching from the understanding of the teaching and learning process of History in the context of the classroom. Based on the phenomenological approach, on the Bergsons intuitive method, this research counted on observations of two classrooms of History in different schools, notes in field diary, application of questionnaire to teachers and students and audio recording of the classes. Fieldwork was carried out between March and July 2015, with the observation of three teachers and two classes, one of the 2nd year of Middle School II and another of the 4th grade of High School. After the observation period, the collected data was systematized, giving rise to the structure of the phenomenon of History teaching in the classroom. This structure revolves around the central category Classroom, having two subcategories, Teaching and Culture and Society. Both categories were broken down in several segments, sub-segments and ramifications, forming a complex web of phenomena. After defining the categories of analysis found in the field, different contributions were systematized within the area of History Teaching. These data were confronted with the facts observed, broadening the understanding of the phenomenon and opening up other research perspectives. This contrast between ideal and reality also demonstrates how much theory and practice are sometimes disconnected, either by the incompleteness of the process carried out by teachers in the classroom, or by the ideal plan - or the personal experience of different authors - about each methodological recommendations. Although there is a mismatch between theory and practice, the observed teachers were able to develop the historical learning in their classes, considering the disparity between the involvement of each student in the classes. Besides methodological issues, memory stands out as a phenomenon indispensable to the teaching of History and is often mobilized through the pre-knowledge survey. Regarding the way culture is present in the History classroom, it was observed the evocation of daily data and social representations that have manifested themselves, in many cases, through episodes of prejudice and discrimination, especially racial ones. Given the results found, its possible to structure the History teaching as a chain of phenomena and its suggested as hypotheses that their variables may suffer interventions in isolation or not and that the methodological improvement of teachers could contribute to the expansion of historical learning as well as the overcoming of several social representations that have been reproduced over time and found ways of adaptation and survival even in the face of the social progress experienced in the last decades.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Rosemary Pinto de Arruda Gonçalves.pdf: 4883597 bytes, checksum: 0f1f55c852ce5fa088a986253d4ddfd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / A presente pesquisa almeja argumentar sobre teorias que trazem a lume um redimensionamento do ensino de Língua Portuguesa, do eixo Forma-uso-Forma para o eixo Uso-forma-Uso, a partir dos gêneros do discurso, na perspectiva de Bakhtin (1952-53), utilizando como conteúdo a literatura no Ensino Fundamental, com o olhar voltado para a formação humana. Consideramos, nesse estudo, portanto, a linguagem como um processo de construção e de produção de sentidos. Em vista disso, traçamos os seguintes objetivos de pesquisa: 1º) preparar uma Sequência Didática Tupiniquim (SDT) para o gênero discursivo conto machadiano na perspectiva enunciativa-discursiva de cunho bakhtiniano, voltada para a formação de leitores literários dos alunos do 9º Ano do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Estadual Coronel Antônio Paes de Barros, em Barão de Melgaço, Estado de Mato Grosso; e 2º) aplicar a sequência didática composta de oito módulos orientados para a aquisição das capacidades de leitura de contos literários e observar a progressão da aprendizagem dessa leitura, pelos mesmos alunos, por meio da análise e aferição dos resultados obtidos. Para tanto, elencamos duas questões de pesquisa: Como organizar uma SDT para a leitura de contos com alunos do 9º Ano do Ensino Fundamental, da Escola Estadual Coronel Antônio Paes de Barros, em Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso? Quais resultados, em termos de leitura literária, serão observados após a aplicação de uma SDT para leitura dos contos machadianos? Para a criação dessa SDT, esclarecemos que além das características da SD francófona, buscamos adaptar a ela a realidade situada, ou seja, as necessidades dos alunos da escola pública no pantanal mato-grossense. Desenvolvemos, em nosso trabalho, uma pesquisa-ação, à luz de Thiollent (1986) e ainda revisitamos o acervo teórico que se inscreve nos estudos do Círculo de pensadores russos sobre a linguagem, Bakhtin/Volochínov (1929); Bakhtin (1952-1953). Para ancoragem da nossa metodologia, obedecemos às considerações da Metodologia das Ciências Humanas com Bakhtin (2006) e Amorim (2001); na parametrização das práticas pedagógicas, utilizamos, essencialmente, a teoria sócio-histórica da aprendizagem de Vygotsky, com ênfase na Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal; as formulações sobre sequências didáticas e capacidades de linguagem fundamentadas em Schneuwly e Dolz (2004) e as capacidades de leitura em Rojo (2004 – 2009). Os resultados, em termos de leitura literária, mostraram progressão no uso das capacidades de linguagem e de leitura, atingindo o nível da compreensão ativa e crítica em relação à leitura dos contos machadianos. / This research aims to argue about theories that bring to light a redefinition of the teaching of Portuguese, from the Shape-use-Shape axis to the Use-shape-Use axis, based on the discourse genres, under the perspective of Bakhtin (1952-53), using literature as content in elementary education, focused on humanistic education. We consider, therefore, in this study, the language as a process of construction and production of meanings. Based on this, we draw the following research objectives: 1º) to prepare a Tupiniquim Didactic Sequence (TDS) for the discursive genre “machadian short story” in the discursive enunciation perspective influenced by Bakhtin, dedicated to the training of literary readers of the students of the 9th year of elementary school of the Coronel Antônio Paes de Barros State School, in Barão de Melgaço, State of Mato Grosso; and 2º) apply the didactic sequence composed of eight modules oriented to the acquisition of reading skills of literary short stories and watch the progression of the learning of this reading, by the same students, through the analysis and measurement of results. To this end, we selected two research questions: How to organize a TDS for the reading of short stories for students of 9th year of elementary school, of the Coronel Antônio Paes de Barros State School, in Barão de Melgaço, State of Mato Grosso? Which results, in terms of literary reading, will be observed after application of a TDS for the reading of machadian short stories? For the creation of such TDS, we clarify that besides the characteristics of the French DS, we seek to adapt it to this specific context, i.e., the needs of public school students in Mato Grosso’s Pantanal. We developed, in our work, an action-research, in the light of Thiollent (1986) and also revisit the theoretical collection which follows the studies on language of the russian thinkers of the Circle, Bakhtin/Voloshinov (1929); Bakhtin (1952-1953). To anchor our methodology, we obeyed the considerations of the Methodology of Social Sciences with Bakhtin (2006) and Amorim (2001); in the parameterization of teaching practices, we used, essentially, the socio-historical theory of Vygotsky's learning, with emphasis on the Zone of Proximal Development; the formulations of didactic sequences and language abilities based on Schneuwly and Dolz (2004) and the reading skills in Rojo (2004-2009). The results, in terms of literary reading, showed progression in the use of language and reading skills, reaching the level of active and critical understanding in relation to the reading of machadian short stories.

À partir de l'année scolaire 2003-2004, les responsables de l'Éducation nationale en Syrie ont voulu mettre fin à une situation d'échec scolaire dans l'enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère (FLE). Une « réforme » basée sur une nouvelle conception de la langue, l'oral et la communication, est donc mise en place. Notre travail a pour objet une réflexion didactique sur la nouvelle situation générée dans les classes. Nous avons voulu, par ce travail, apporter un regard réflexif et critique sur les pratiques enseignantes de ces dernières années. Nous sommes parti de l'objectif déclaré de la « réforme », pour voir ce qu'a apporté cette dernière pour l'oral et la pratique orale dans la classe en Syrie. Nous voulons, en particulier, étudier l'impact de l'introduction de l'approche communicative dans le système éducatif syrien, à travers l'étude analytique des programmes, des manuels, des pratiques enseignantes et de formation. Notre recherche s'inscrit aussi dans la perspective de la didactique de l'oral en classe de langue. Notre cadre conceptuel est construit à partir de la didactique des langues, la pédagogie, l'analyse des interactions, la formation des enseignants. Notre travail comporte deux phases, descriptive et interprétative. Descriptive parce que nous avons observé les ressources des enseignants, les classes et décrit ce qui s'y passe. Nous avons aussi fait des entretiens avec des enseignants et des inspecteurs qui s'occupent de l'enseignement du français dans notre région de Lattaquié. Interprétative parce que nous allons commenter ces données en cherchant des liens possibles entre ces données et les intentions des nouveaux programmes. Nos analyses se basent sur trois points : le premier consiste à examiner les compétences visées pour les élèves. Le deuxième est de savoir si une nouvelle pratique orale est apparue dans la classe suite à la Réforme. Le troisième consiste à savoir quelle formation serait nécessaire pour les enseignants pour mener à bien cette réforme. Mots clés : Didactique, compétence, oral, interaction, formation / At the start of the school year 2003-2004, the people in charge of national education in Syria wished to put an end to the situation of failure regarding the teaching of French as a foreign language. The « reform » which was decided involved a completely new approach to the language, an approach based on oral and communication. What we have undertaken here is a didactic reflection on how school children react to this new situation. We intended to examine the teaching methods of the past few years in a way both reflexive and critical. What has the reform changed concerning verbal (oral) practice in a syrian class from the moment the object of the reform was known. That was our starting line. What we are particularly interested in is to study the impact of the introduction of the communicative approach to language in the syrian educative system throughout an analytical survey of programs and school books. Teaching methods as well training of the teachers have also been part of our study. The prospect of our research in also to bring into focus the teaching of oral communication in the language class. Our conceptual framework is built up from the observation of the teaching of language, pedagogy, the analysis of interactions and the training of the teachers. We wanted our survey to be both descriptive and explanatory. The basis of the descriptive part consists in what we perceived while watching the lessons unfold in the various classes we visited. We also made a note of what were the teachers' resources. We have talked to the teachers as well as to the inspectors in charge of the teaching of the French language in our district of Latakia. Our survey also at being explanatory because we are going to comment on those information so as to find possible links between what we have witnessed and what the new programs are intended for. We tried to analyse the results on our research according to three points of view. First the habilities the pupils are supposed to acquire. The second is to know if there is actually a new practice of oral in the class resulting from the reform. The third bring up the question of what should be the specific trainings of the teachers that would make the reform a real success. Keywords : Didactic, competence, oral, interaction, formation

L'écriture de textes qui suscitent des émotions est une situation d'énonciation particulière. Celle-ci implique l'investissement de l'énonciateur dans son discours et renforce les liens que noue le sujet avec : le monde, qui est source d'émotion ; l'interlocuteur, qu'il faut émouvoir ; l'énoncé, qui doit contenir et / ou transmettre l'émotion. S'inscrivant dans un cadre théorique multiréférencé (psychologie, linguistique et didactique), notre travail repose sur l'hypothèse didactique que l'investissement énonciatif et subjectif, nécessaire pour écrire un texte qui suscite des émotions, permet d'infléchir l'investissement dans l'écriture des apprenants. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons mis en place une expérimentation didactique, auprès de lycéennes de série technologique, pendant une année scolaire. Nous avons évalué les effets de cette expérimentation en comparant deux types de données recueillies dans cette classe et une autre classe, dite classe témoin : des productions d'élèves, afin d'analyser les indices de l'implication énonciative et subjective, et des questionnaires, afin d'observer l'évolution du rapport à l'écriture des élèves. À l'issue de l'expérimentation, les résultats obtenus montrent que les élèves de la classe expérimentale s'investissent davantage dans l'écriture. Du point de vue énonciatif, ces élèves expriment davantage leur subjectivité et utilisent des outils linguistiques, marquant leur investissement, plus variés que ceux de la classe témoin. Du point de vue du rapport à l'écriture, les discours produits par ces mêmes élèves contiennent des traces d'un investissement plus fort que ceux de l'autre classe. / Text writing giving rise to emotions is a specific situation of enunciation. This involves the investment of the writer in his discourse and strengthens the connections that the subject establishes with: the world, which is a source of emotion, the interlocutor, who must be affected, the statement, which must contain and / or communicate the emotion. As part of a multireference theoretical framework (psychology, linguistics and didactic), our work is based on the didactic assumption that enunciative and subjective investment needed to write a text raising emotions can influence the investment in writing of the students. To test this hypothesis, we have implemented a didactic experiment using high school technology students during an academic year. We evaluated the effects of this experiment by comparing two types of data collected in this class and in a control class. Data were composed of productions of students, to analyze indexes related to the enunciative and subjective involvement, and questionnaires, to observe the evolution of the writing connection of students. At the end of the experimentation, results showed that students from the experimental class were more invested in writing than students from the control class. From an enunciation perspective, these students expressed better their subjectivity and used linguistic tools, marking their investment, more varied than those of the control class. From a writing connection perspective, discourse produced by these same students contained traces of a stronger investment than those of the control class.

This research entitled "Biochemistry at School: a didactic proposal for meaningful learning" is characterized by being predominantly qualitative, which used as strategy the elaboration and application of a didactic sequence constructed from learning objectives proposed according to the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. This didactic sequence aimed at reinforcing different abilities of the cognitive domain classified in levels and categories and favoring the meaningful learning of Chemistry contents in the classroom for last year students of high school from a public school of Santa Maria - RS, as well as strengthening the pedagogical and didactic knowledge of teachers in initial formation of Chemistry Degree of the Federal University of Santa Maria. For this, the study was developed in three phases. In the first phase, the aim was to achieve the pedagogical theoretical reference on meaningful and disciplinary learning about the concepts to be approached, such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. The second phase was addressed to the theoretical and practical orientation of the teachers in initial formation for the construction of the didactic sequence, approaching different scientific contents in several interventions. The interventions were organized in three thematic workshops based on the Three Pedagogical Moments and the learning objectives proposed for the six levels and categories of knowledge organization of the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. The third and final step was to apply in the classroom the didactic sequence constructed by the teachers in initial formation and evaluation of the constructed learning. The results of this study were obtained through different data collection instruments, such as: questionnaires, textual productions, didactic sequence activities and the observations and annotations of the researcher, which were analyzed according to the Textual Discourse Analysis. The active participation of teachers in initial formation in studies that provide spaces for articulating university-school, strengthening the pedagogical and didactic knowledge developed during their school and university life, since the teacher needs the use of those in the planning and application of activities, promoting improvements in the teaching process. Furthermore, the results allowed concluding that the application of the didactic sequence favored the meaningful learning of scientific concepts, inasmuch as an evolution was observed in the construction of the knowledge and skills of the cognitive domain of high school students. / Esta pesquisa intitulada “Bioquímica na Escola: uma proposta didática para a aprendizagem significativa” é caracterizada por ser predominantemente qualitativa, a qual utilizou como estratégia a elaboração e aplicação de uma sequência didática construída a partir de objetivos de aprendizagem propostos conforme à Taxonomia de Bloom revisada. Esta sequência didática teve como finalidade reforçar diferentes habilidades do domínio cognitivo classificadas em níveis e categorias e favorecer a aprendizagem significativa de conteúdos de Química em sala de aula para estudantes da 3ª série do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual de Santa Maria – RS, bem como fortalecer os conhecimentos pedagógicos e didáticos de professores em formação inicial do curso de Química Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Para isso, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três fases. Na primeira fase, buscou-se o referencial teórico pedagógico sobre a aprendizagem significativa e disciplinar a respeito dos conceitos a serem abordados, tais como: proteínas, carboidratos e lipídeos. A segunda fase foi direcionada para a orientação teórica e prática dos professores em formação inicial para a construção da sequência didática, abordando diferentes conteúdos científicos em várias intervenções. As intervenções foram organizadas em três oficinas temáticas estruturadas nos Três Momentos Pedagógicas e nos objetivos de aprendizagem propostos para os seis níveis e categorias de organização do conhecimento da Taxonomia de Bloom revisada. A terceira e última etapa, destinou-se à aplicação em sala de aula da sequência didática construída pelos professores em formação inicial e avaliação da aprendizagem construída. Os resultados desta pesquisa foram obtidos por meio de diferentes instrumentos de coleta de dados, tais como: questionários, produções textuais, atividades da sequência didática e as observações e anotações do pesquisador, os quais foram analisados segundo a Análise Textual Discursiva. Conclui-se que a participação ativa dos professores em formação inicial em pesquisas que propiciem espaços para articular universidade-escola, fortalece os conhecimentos pedagógicos e didáticos desenvolvidos durante sua vida escolar e universitária, visto que precisa do uso deste no planejamento e aplicação de atividades, promovendo melhorias no processo de ensino. Além disso, os resultados permitiram concluir que a aplicação da sequência didática favoreceu a aprendizagem significativa de conceitos científicos, pois foi observado uma evolução na construção do conhecimentos e habilidades do domínio cognitivo dos estudantes do ensino médio.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_sap_me_rcla.pdf: 2235848 bytes, checksum: 1421794daa5de101098550a0d0420ab7 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de observar as propagandas como aparecem no livro didático e de que maneira as professoras de segunda e terceira séries de língua portuguesa no ensino médio do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CAP-COLUNI-UFV), estão trabalhando esse gênero textual em suas aulas. As propagandas no livro didático podem possibilitar novos olhares, pois os recursos peculiares ao seu universo discursivo (texto-imagem) estão ligados a outros contextos (discurso político, histórico, cultural, ideológico, de conscientização ambiental entre outros). Esta investigação deu-se por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, bem como de observações e relato das aulas. Imagens de propagandas e a leitura de textos no ensino médio, em língua portuguesa, têm por desafio o saber cultural e subjetivo do aluno e possivelmente apontam para uma nova característica discursiva desse gênero textual. / This research was carried through with the objective to observe the propagandas as they appear in the didactic book and how the Portuguese teachers of second and third grades in average education of the College of Application of Viçosa Federal University (CAP-COLUNI/UFV), is working this literal sort in its lessons. The propagandas in the didactic book can make possible new looks, therefore the peculiar resources to its discursive universe (image-text) are linked to another contexts (politician's speech, description, cultures, ideological, ambient awareness among others). This inquiry was given by means of half-structuralized interviews, as well as of comments and reports of the lessons. Propagandas images and the reading of texts in average education, in Portuguese, have by its challenge cultural knowledge and subjective of the pupil and possibly point to a new discursive characteristic of this literal sort.

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T19:06:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDMLS.pdf: 7638134 bytes, checksum: e8bfc3cd4640f78d1268ce0b1b80552d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:08:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDMLS.pdf: 7638134 bytes, checksum: e8bfc3cd4640f78d1268ce0b1b80552d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:08:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDMLS.pdf: 7638134 bytes, checksum: e8bfc3cd4640f78d1268ce0b1b80552d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T19:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDMLS.pdf: 7638134 bytes, checksum: e8bfc3cd4640f78d1268ce0b1b80552d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This work presents a new proposal of approach for proporcionality, whose focus is the Brazilian Elementary 7th grade student. This work is the record of a work of didactic engineeering that generated a sequence made by four didactic sessions. The main goal of this dissertation is to present ways for the student to determine, based on mathematical de_nitions, if two magnitudes are proportional and, in a_rmative case, if the relation is directly or inversely proportional. In order to do so, we propose the employment of a software called Geogebra as a teaching tool, to allow the integration with geometry, direct and inverse proportionality relations and practical experiments to assign a greater meaning to the presented content. / Nesse trabalho apresentamos uma nova proposta de abordagem do tema proporcionalidade, para alunos do 7o ano do Ensino Fundamental. Este trabalho é o registro de uma Engenharia Didática que gerou uma sequência composta por quatro sessões didáticas. O foco do trabalho é apresentar meios para que o aluno determine, baseado nas de_nições matemáticas, se duas grandezas são proporcionais e, em caso positivo, se é uma relação de proporcionalidade direta ou inversa. Para tanto, propomos a utilização do software Geogebra como ferramenta de ensino, permitindo a integração com a geometria, grá_co das relações de proporcionalidade direta e inversa e experimento prático para dar maior signi_cado ao conteúdo apresentado.