Background and purpose - Digitisation is connecting various business actors to create interconnected ecosystems through digital platforms. Meanwhile entrepreneurial ecosystems are offering various benefits for start-ups e.g. through support organisations that offer services for them. Currently, these start-up support organisations face the challenge of leveraging digital services to create value for their member start-ups. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the digital services offered in start-up support organisations create value for start-ups. Approach - From a theoretical perspective, the sociology of value and service dominant logic concepts such as value co-creation and service ecosystems are considered. Qualitative methods were used to conduct a pre-study and an in-depth case study with a start-up hub in Stockholm's entrepreneurial ecosystem. Data was collected using 18 semi-structured interviews with start-ups and other actors in the ecosystem and participant observations of 17 events. Findings - Needs and challenges for start-ups were identified and mapped against the digital services used by the start-ups. These services facilitate interaction between various actors in the start-up hub. Seven interconnected value types for the start-ups were identified emerging from the use of digital and non-digital services in the start-up hub. Moreover, many of the digital services are not provided by the start-up hub alone but in collaboration with other actors, connecting the start-up hub to other actors in the start-up ecosystem. Research limitations and implications - The findings contribute to the understanding of how start-up support organisations leverage digital services to support their member start-ups. The connection of digital service usage to the creation of various value types provides a theoretical concept to research about service ecosystem. As the study has been conducted with a limited number of respondents and events in Stockholm, further research in other ecosystems and using different methods is suggested to ensure generalisability of the findings of this study. Practical implications - A number of practical suggestions for start-up support organisations can be derived from the findings, including that start-up support organisations can benefit from establishing and moderating a digital community, involving several actors from the ecosystem and continuously adapting digital services to the changing environment and needs of start-ups. Originality - To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study to investigate digital services in entrepreneurial ecosystems from the perspective of value in service ecosystems. / Bakgrund och syfte - Digitalisering förbinder olika affärsaktörer för att skapa sammankopplade ekosystem genom digitala plattformar. Samtidigt erbjuder start-up ekosystem olika fördelar för start-ups, till exempel genom stödorganisationer som erbjuder tjänster för start-ups. För tillfället möter dessa start-up stödorganisationer utmaningen att utnyttja digitala tjänster för att skapa värde för sina medlems start-ups. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur de digitala tjänster som erbjuds av stödorganisationerna skapar värde för start-ups. Tillvägagångssätt - Från ett teoretiskt perspektiv beaktas sociologin av värde och service dominerande logik begrepp som värde medskapande och serviceekosystem. Kvalitativa metoder användes för att genomföra en förstudie och en fördjupad fallstudie med ett start-up hub i Stockholms entreprenörsekosystem. Data samlades in med 18 halvstrukturerade intervjuer med start-ups och andra aktörer i ekosystemet och deltagarobservationer av 17 evenemang. Fynd - Behov och utmaningar för start-ups identifierades och mappades mot de digitala tjänster som start-ups använde. Dessa tjänster underlättar interaktion mellan olika aktörer i start-up hubben. Sju sammankopplade värdetyper för start-ups identifierades som en följd av användningen av digitala och icke-digitala tjänster i start-up hubben. Dessutom är många av de digitala tjänsterna inte tillhandahållen av start-uperna ensam men i samarbete med andra aktörer, som kopplar ihop start-up hubben till andra aktörer i start-up ekosystemet. Forskningsbegränsningar och konsekvenser - Fynden bidrar till att förstå hur start-up stödorganisationer utnyttjar digitala tjänster för att stöda sina medlemmar. Anslutningen av digital serviceanvändning till skapandet av olika värdetyper ger ett teoretiskt koncept för att undersöka serviceekosystemet. Eftersom studien har genomförts med ett begränsat antal respondenter och evenemang i Stockholm, föreslås ytterligare forskning i andra ekosystem och användande av olika metoder för att säkerställa generaliserbarhet av resultaten i denna studie. Praktiska konsekvenser - Ett antal praktiska förslag till start-up stödorganisationer kan härledas från resultaten, bland annat att de start-up stödorganisationerna kan dra nytta av att etablera och moderera ett digitalt samhälle, involvera flera aktörer från ekosystemet och kontinuerligt anpassa digitala tjänster till förändringen av miljön och behovet av start-ups. Originalitet – Till bästa kunskapen av författarna, är detta den första studien för att undersöka digitala tjänster i entreprenörsekosystem från perspektivet av värdet i service ekosystemen.

Sammanfattning  Denna studie har som mål att utforska hur digitalisering inom SFI på vuxenutbildning påverkat undervisning och lärande för lärare och elever. Den ämnar specifikt att undersöka vilken roll digitala tjänster spelar för att elever ska kunna utveckla digitala kompetenser och litteracitet inom SFI-lärande. Fallstudiestrategi med en kvalitativ-induktiv ansats har valts som metod för att samla in och analysera data.Sex respondenter som bestod av fyra lärare och två elever deltog i studien. Lärarna skickade skriftliga svar på mejlade frågor och elever intervjuades på telefon i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Även sekundärt material har använts i form av tidigare resultat om digital kompetens och litteracitet inom vuxenutbildning. Resultatet visar att digitala verktyg och tjänster används av både lärare och elever som stöd för att effektivisera lärandet. Det innebär att elever får olika sätt att träna på det svenska språket och kunna utveckla sin digitala kompetens och litteracitet. Slutsatserna visar att digitalisering inom SFI ger elever möjligheter att motverka utmaningar och skapa likvärdighet i lärande. Förslag på vidare studier i framtiden ska undersöka hur olika resurser kan integreras i SFI lärandet för att hjälpa elever utveckla digitala kunskaper och skapa likvärdighet samt minska digitala gapet mellan elever. / Abstract This study aims to explore how digitalization within SFI in adult education has affected teaching and learning for teachers and students. It specifically aims to examine the role of digital services in enabling students to develop digital competencies and literacy in SFI learning. A case study strategy with a qualitative-inductive approach has been chosen to collect and analyze data. Six respondents, which consisted of four teachers and two students took part in the study.  The teachers sent written answers to questions by email and the students were interviewed on phone in a semi-structured interview. Also, secondary data was collected by analyzing a number of articles within digital competences and literacy. The results show that digital tools and services are used by both teachers and students as support to make SFI learning effective. This means that the students get different ways to practice the Swedish language and be able to develop digital competencies and literacy. In conclusion, the study has shown that digitization within SFI gives students opportunities to develop digital skills and literacy. By using the value in the digital services, students have an opportunity to counteract challenges and create equality in learning. The study recommends more studies in the future should investigate how different resources can be integrated into SFI learning to help students develop digital skills and create equality and reduce the digital gap between students.

This thesis describes the new regulation of digital products in the Consumer Services Act (2022:260). The essay focuses specifically on the supply of digital content and digital services which derive from an EU-directive 2019/770 (henceforth The Digital Content Directive). “Digital products” is a made-up concept in this thesis for the following objects: digital content and digital services, digital content and digital services supplied on tangible medium and goods with digital elements. Only the last-mentioned object is regulated in a separate EU-directive 2019/771 (henceforth The Sales of Goods Directive), due to its classification as “goods”. For a long period of time, Sweden and other member states of the EU have lacked uniform rules regarding digital products. The Commission acknowledged this absence and launched “The EU’s new digital single market strategy” (henceforth the DSM-strategy), with several targeted actions such as improving access for consumers to digital products and services within the EU as well as maximizing the growth potential of their digital economy. The DSM-strategy has then resulted in The Digital Content Directive and The Sales of Goods Directive which are the two EU-directives that have been implemented in the new Consumer Services Act in Sweden. The Digital Content Directive was implemented in a separate 9th chapter with numerous cross references to other chapters in the law as well as containing both unclear and inexplicit diction. In order to grasp the new regulation of digital products in Sweden, the different provisions applicable to each and every digital product, however with the main focus on digital content and digital services, are displayed and explained alongside an objectively questioning analysis throughout the essay. The conclusion of this juridical exposition is that although consumers have received satisfactory consumer protection throughout the EU, the Consumer Services Act should have been drafted differently. Furthermore, uncertainties regarding the possible “payments” with data are discovered. Especially concerning is the lack of definitive regulation and contractual remedies for consumers to initiate when paying with their data. Whether the aim of established consumer-friendly rules was achieved or not, viewed from a legislative drafting point of view, is also discussed in the final chapters of this paper. This particular question is likewise analyzed through a small-scale comparative analysis with Nordic countries. A proposal for the legislator is thereby presented; adopt the Finnish way of implementing these two EU-directives into the Consumer Services Act.

Bakgrund: Den digitala utvecklingen inom primärvården ökar. Hög ålder är relaterad till minskad användning av digitala tjänster och verktyg. Äldre personer löper risk att drabbas av digitalt utanförskap. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva äldre personer över 80 års hantering och upplevelser av digitala verktyg och tjänster på primärvårdsmottagning. Metod: En kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats användes. Datainsamlingen utgjordes av intervjuer med tio personer över 80 år. En semistrukturerad intervju med öppna frågor utifrån en intervjuguide användes. Datamaterialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Datamaterialet kodades och bildade tre huvudkategorier med respektive två underkategorier. Resultat: Äldre personers upplevelse av delaktighet och kontroll påverkas av om de självständigt hanterar primärvårdens digitala tjänster och verktyg eller överlåter hanteringen till anhöriga. Tillgång till digitala hjälpmedel, fysiska förmågor och begränsningar påverkar upplevelsen. Begriplig information är viktig när det gäller att förstå digitala tjänster och verktyg. Mänsklig kontakt skapar trygghet medan avsaknad av det leder till oro och rädsla. Slutsats: Tillgång till digitala hjälpmedel, möjlighet till hjälp från utomstående, rätt anpassad information och tillgång till mänskligt bemötande är viktigt och ger äldre personer en känsla av trygghet och delaktighet. När dessa områden brister skapar det kontrollförlust och leder till känslor av oro och minskad delaktighet. / Background: Digital development in primary care is increasing. Old age is related to reduced use of digital services and tools. Older people are at risk of digital exclusion. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe older people over 80 years of age handlings and experiences of digital tools and services at primary care clinics. Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach was used. The data collection consisted interviews with ten people over 80 years of age. A semi-structured interview with open questions based on an interview guide was used. The data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The data was coded and formed three main categories with two subcategories, respectively. Results: Older people's experience of participation and control is affected by whether they independently manage primary care's digital services and tools or leave the management to relatives. Access to digital aids, physical abilities, and limitations affect the experience. Information that is comprehensible is important when it comes to understanding digital information. Access to human contact creates security, while the lack of human contact leads to anxiety and fear. Conclusions: Access to digital tool the possibility of help from outsiders, correctly adapted information and access to human interaction are important and give older people a sense of security and participation. When these areas fail, it creates a loss of control and leads to feelings of anxiety and reduced participation.

For a person who has been diagnosed with a disability at some point in their life, their ability to be an active democratic citizen in our information society changes. This thesis examines what kind of challenges the Swedish public libraries and librarians faces in their day-to-day work connected to the specific group of users with vision-related disabilities and discusses and analyze public librarians' perception of what digital skills means to them.  In the combination of people with visual impairments and their digital needs and competence development and on the actual conditions and challenges existing at the Swedish public libraries regarding digital services for people with visual impairments, the study identifies several challenges for both parties. The study results present an insecurity among librarians regarding the expectations to adjust and help with digital guidance, when they still are feeling insecure about what kind of digital competence expects of them.  During the qualitative interviews, a shared experience of anxiety, uncertainty, and an uneven level among the library staff regarding basic digital competences and where the "boundary" is revealed. The uneven level of digital competence is highlighted as problematic, as the patrons are assumed to be treated differently on repeated visits to the public library. The study identifies several challenges that would further encourage both the individual, the profession, the institution as well as society and research to study further. New knowledge in a library context has been identified and needs to be studied in a broader and more comprehensive research study.