【第一篇論文中文摘要】 本文使用路透社央行干預匯市的新聞報導，探討哪些因素可以提高亞洲央行成功干預匯市的機率，研究期間為2005年1月至2011年4月。此研究期間涵蓋全球金融風暴和美國採行量化寬鬆政策，因此，亞洲貨幣在逐步對美元升值後發生大幅度的貶值。研究結果顯示印尼、馬來西亞、菲律賓、新加坡、台灣及泰國的央行採取逆風而行的策略是有效的干預方式，而且多個國家在同日干預匯市及第一日的干預會有較高成功的機率。 【第二篇論文中文摘要】 本文透過不同的研究方法針對亞洲國家央行干預匯率市場的有效性再次驗證，研究期間為2005年1月至2011年4月，實證結果顯示亞洲國家在次貸風暴期間面臨美元升值的壓力，央行會採取賣美元的方式來干預匯市，但是這種干預匯市的方式卻僅能減緩美元升值的趨勢，其中以印尼盾、新加坡元、新台幣紛紛對美元貶值較為明顯，而在次貸風暴發生之後，美國實施量化寬鬆政策造成亞洲國家卻面臨美元貶值的壓力，各國央行改採買美元的方式來干預匯市，但是此種干預匯市的方式也只造成美元緩慢貶值的趨勢，其中印尼盾、馬來西亞令吉、新加坡元、韓圜、泰銖分別對美元升值的趨勢較為明顯，此現象反應亞洲央行干預匯市是採取逆風而行的策略，雖然能降低匯率的波動，但無法改變匯率的升貶值趨勢。 【第三篇論文中文摘要】 本研究是在探討印度、印尼、南韓、馬來西亞、新加坡、泰國及台灣央行透過干預匯率市場，對其國家的公司在美國發行存託憑證折溢價的影響，研究期間為2005年1月至2011年4月。研究結果顯示央行對匯市干預造成的變動，確實會影響到該國公司在美國發行的存託憑證產生折價的情形。另外，亞洲央行使用買美元干預匯市的作法會對該國公司在美國發行的存託憑證產生溢價，而央行透過賣美元干預匯市的作法會對該國公司在美國發行的存託憑證產生折價的影響，但是由於樣本資料的限制，其效果在統計上並不顯著。由公司層面的分析可以看出央行透過賣美元來干預匯市對其國家的公司在美國發行的存託憑證會有明顯產生折價的影響。 / 【第一篇論文英文摘要】 Using Reuters’ news reports on central bank interventions, we investigate the factors that increase the odds of intervention success by Asian central banks in the foreign exchange market from January 2005 to April 2011. This period coincides with the global credit crisis and quantitative easing policy, which have engendered a sharp depreciation followed by a gradual appreciation of Asian currencies. The results show that leaning-against-the-wind intervention strategies are effective in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. We also find that joint and first day interventions are associated with higher odds of effective intervention. 【第二篇論文英文摘要】 This paper examines the effectiveness of central bank interventions in the foreign exchange market from January 2005 to April 2011 in Asia. The results show that the central banks in Asia intervene in the foreign exchange markets by selling U.S. dollars to prevent severe depreciation of local currencies during the global credit crisis. However, central bankers can only slow down the trend of depreciation of local currencies against U.S. dollar. The currencies apparently depreciate against U.S. dollar in Indonesia, Singapore, and Taiwan. After the global credit crisis, Asian countries confront appreciations of local currencies due to the US quantitative easing policy. The central banks in Asia intervene by purchasing U.S. dollars in the foreign exchange market. Nevertheless, intervention strategies slowly reduce U.S. dollar depreciations. The foreign exchange rate apparently appreciate against U.S. dollar in India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand. Results show that Asian central banks adopt leaning-against-the-wind intervention strategies during the sample period. Their interventions in the foreign exchange market can only reduce fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate, but fail to reverse the trend of Asian exchange rates. 【第三篇論文英文摘要】 This paper examines whether Asian central bank interventions in the foreign exchange market affect the discount or premium of American Depositary Receipt (ADR) of Asian companies from January 2005 to April 2011. The sample consists of companies from Indian, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore. Empirical results show that central bank interventions increase ADR discounts of companies in Asian countries. In addition, interventions by purchasing U.S. dollars result in higher ADR premiums, and the strategies of selling U.S. dollars affect ADR discounts. Though some of the empirical results are not statistically significant due to limited sample size, results based on individual firms show that selling USD interventions by Asian central banks have a significant impact on their ADR discounts.

The thesis Analysis of a particular investment project - the construction of new buildings and office space is to evaluate the effectiveness of the investment options elected by the selected evaluation methods. Variants of investments are assessed by the average cost, modified pay-back period and modified the discounted pay-back period. In a further evaluation of options is determined the tax savings of each option and its impact on the total cost of investment. On the basis of all methods and procedures are selected one variant of the investment. Finally, evaluate the sustainability of the investment options selected in the operational phase.

A dissertação aborda e compara as características dos índices de Sharpe (SR) e suas variantes, SRc e SRd, Sharpe generalizado (GSR ) e potencial de investimento (IP), sendo os índices GSR e IP associados a alguma função de utilidade. Pelo fato de o GSR e o IP serem idênticos, testes empíricos foram realizados entre SRc e o GSR. Ambos foram avaliados teoricamente sob dois aspectos, o que definimos de análise retrospectiva, i.e., análise de séries de log-retornos mensais observados, e a análise prospectiva, i.e., séries a ocorrer. No âmbito prospectivo, ex ante facto, o SRc (índice de Sharpe com variável de estado normal) e o SRd (índice de Sharpe com variável de estado lognormal), por estarem associados à função de utilidade quadrática, apresentam distorções como o ponto bliss e o agente econômico bomba de dinheiro. O mesmo ocorre no âmbito retrospectivo, ex post facto, com o GSR (potencial de desempenho de ativos de risco para indivíduos com função de utilidade HARA) quando o coeficiente de aversão ao risco é igual a um negativo, gama=-1. No entanto, o GSR pode ser associado a funções de utilidade diferentes da quadrática evitando seus efeitos indesejáveis. Sob a suposição de movimento browniano geométrico (MBG) e da utilidade HARA para o preço mensal ajustado de ações brasileiras e americanas e para pontos mensais de índices brasileiros e americanos, entre janeiro de 2000 e março de 2008, obtivemos os seguintes resultados: (1) o índice GSR para utilidade quadrática apresentou elevada correlação com o SRc; (2) a menor correlação de GSR com SRc ocorreu para utilidade logarítmica; (3) para a utilidade exponencial, o GSR apresenta elevado grau de correlação com o SRc. Os resultados mostraram que o GSR com utilidade exponencial é o índice que menos se aproxima do comportamento do GSR com utilidade quadrática. Sabendo-se das distorções da utilidade quadrática, a adoção do GSR com gama=1 parece mais adequado para a classificação de ativos de risco. / This master dissertation studies and compares the characteristics of Sharpe ratio and its variants, SRc and SRd, generalized Sharpe ratio (GSR) and investment potential (IP), both GSR and IP associated to any utility function. By the fact that GSR and IP are identical indexes, empiric tests were conducted between SRc and GSR. The indexes were evaluated theoretically under two different aspects: retrospective analysis, i.e., analyze the observed monthly log-returns, and prospective analysis, i.e., series to occur. Under prospective view, ex ante facto, SRc (Sharpe ratio with normal state variable) and SRd (Sharpe ratio with lognormal state variable), for being associated to the quadratic utility function, show the inherent problems to utility functions such as the bliss point and the pump money economic agent. The same happens in a retrospective view, ex post facto, with the GSR (performance potential with HARA utility function family) when the risk aversion coefficient equals minus one, gama=-1. Therefore, the GSR can be associated to different utility functions avoiding the undesirable effects. Under the GBM (geometric Brownian motion) condition and HARA utility function for the Brazilian and American adjusted monthly stock prices and indexes monthly points during January 2000 and March 2008, we reached the following: (1) results indicate that GSR for quadratic utility has high correlation level with SRc; (2) while the logarithmic utility showed lowest correlation level between GSR and SRc; (3) exponential utilities showed a high level of correlation between GSR and SRc. The results showed that GSR with exponential utility kept the biggest behavior difference for the GSR with quadratic utility. Based on the knowing problems of the quadratic utility, GSR with gama=1 seems to be a better index choice for risk assets classification.

Diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the banking industry, which uses the tools of fundamental analysis. The aim of this thesis is to identify and evaluate the characteristics of the banking industry which distinguishes it from the other sectors. The first part deals with the characteristics of the banking sector, to use global and sectoral fundamental analysis. In the second part there is a comparison of the banking sector with other sectors such as commodity companies, cyclical companies and companies engaged in the production and sale of comsumer goods. The third part is the calculation of the intrinsic value of a company Komerční banka, a.s. A dividend discount model, profit models and an Excess return model are used in the third part.

Cette thèse se compose de trois essais autonomes sur le marché boursier chinois. Le premier essai examine le processus de la découverte du prix des actions A et H pour des sociétés chinoises double cotées à la fois sur les bourses de Shanghai/Shenzhen et de Hong Kong durant les sessions d'échange communes. Nous mettons en évidence une relation de long terme entre les prix des actions A et H. En appliquant la méthode de l'information partagée de Hasbrouck (1995), il apparaît, quand la Chine adoptait un régime de change fixe, le marché domestique contribuait plus d'information à la découverte du prix que le marché étranger; tandis que sous un régime de change flexible, c'est le marché étranger qui dominait dans la découverte du prix.Le deuxième essai prenant les réformes chinoises du régime de Juillet 2005 et de Juillet 2008 comme des événements spéciaux, il étudie si ces changements de régime de change affectent l'arbitrage entre les marchés des actions A et H. En comparant les niveaux des impacts des facteurs idiosyncratiques sur la décote de prix des actions A et H avant et après les changements de régime, les résultats montrent que la relaxation des contrôles des changes ne favorise pas l'arbitrage entre les deux marchés. Par ailleurs, ce changement de régime de change introduit un risque de change important dans la stratégie des arbitragistes.Le troisième essai aborde la transmission d'information en séance et hors séance de cotation en termes de rendements et de volatilités entre la Chine, l'Amérique et l'Europe. Le problème du synchronisme est considéré avec soin dans la modélisation bivariée avec la Chine comme référence avec des données journalières. / This thesis consists of three self-contained essays on the Chinese stock market. The first essay examines the price discovery process of Chinese dual-listed firms on the A-share and H-share markets during overlapping trading hours. We provide evidence that there exists a long-term relationship between the A- and H-share markets. By applying the information share model of Hasbrouck (1995), we find that: under a fixed exchange rate, the A-share market contributes more innovations in price discovery than the H-share market; while under a managed floating exchange rate, it is the H-share market that plays a dominant role in the price discovery process.In the second essay, by using the exchange rate regime changes of July 21, 2005 and July 01, 2008 of as special events, we examine whether changes in exchange-rate regime affect the intensity of inter-market arbitrage between A- and H-share markets. By comparing the significance of the impact of idiosyncratic factors on the H-share discount before and after the changes of exchange rate regime, the results show that the relaxation of exchange controls does not encourage inter-market arbitrage between the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong markets. Further, the switch from a fixed to a floating exchange-rate regime introduces an important exchange rate risk to arbitrageurs.The last essay studies daytime and overnight information transmission in terms of returns and volatility between China, America and Europe. The asynchronicity issue is carefully considered in the bivariate modelling with China as benchmark with daily data.

Diploma thesis covers the topic about different attitudes to DCF valuation. The first part is an introduction into CAPM theory and a multifactor French-Fama model. This part also indicates different views on financial assets and analyzes an issue of setting discount rates, especially the risk-free rate and equity risk premium. The second part of this paper applies the theory into valuation of Microsoft, GAP and Telefónica O2. There are elaborated forecasts of the financial statements and free cash flows (FCFCE, FCFU), the discount rate composition and analyses of the factors HML and SMB. At the end, there are performed various valuations, which results are discussed together with a development of real market prices.

The diploma thesis focuses on the economic evaluation of the company acquisition project using methods of discounted cash flow, net present value and discounted payback period. The theoretical part of the thesis uses comprehensive view on modern methods of strategic and financial analysis, financial planning strategy and investment decision-making methods. The second half of the work contains practical part of strategic and financial analysis, calculated cost of equity, weighted average cost of capital and economic evaluation of the acquisition project itself.

Precious metal - gold, is perceived as a safety and is used to secure investment at the time of nervousness in the global market. However, the only small part is usually inset into world funds. Qualified (hedge) funds can be managed completely differently. Diploma thesis solves which way and how the qualified investor funds can include the gold into portfolio. The work takes all instruments on gold suitable for investing and analyzes their basic characteristics and differences.

The subject of this dissertation is to do a fundamental analysis based on chosen shares on the czech capital market. The chosen corporations are Telefonica O2 Czech Republic, a.s. and ČEZ, a.s. In this dissertation I have set the share value, the prediction of the progression of dividends and the amount of ratio index. Further I have made a recommendation for future investors and the timing of their commerce.

This master´s thesis is dedicated on the area of company´s liquidity. It focused on the credit management and cash optimalization and the short term investment of the surplus value. It includes the financial plan for the next 4 years.