Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-02-13T18:47:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira, William-Tese-2013.pdf: 1046161 bytes, checksum: 9c12f07e8b69b8dd5981d36f584f16e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-13T18:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira, William-Tese-2013.pdf: 1046161 bytes, checksum: 9c12f07e8b69b8dd5981d36f584f16e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Assistência a Alienados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante as primeiras décadas de seu funcionamento, esteve sob os cuidados diretos da caridade religiosa. No Hospício de Pedro II, primeiro estabelecimento destinado exclusivamente ao tratamento dos alienados no Brasil, as irmãs de caridade estiveram à frente dos serviços pelo menos até o ano de 1890, quando um decreto republicano, atendendo às inúmeras reivindicações dos médicos vinculados à Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, promove a desanexação do Hospício da Santa Casa de Misericórdia colocando a assistência sob os cuidados do Estado. Somente a partir daí é que os médicos puderam almejar de fato um lugar de autoridade no processo de consolidação dos saberes e práticas psiquiátricas no Brasil. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender não apenas o processo de constituição da psiquiatria enquanto um campo de saber específico sobre a loucura, transformada em doença mental, mas, sobretudo, cercar os discursos, práticas e disputas políticas que marcaram a Assistência a alienados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante a Primeira República. Busca, neste sentido, fazer uma análise da assistência como um todo, tentando compreender as disputas travadas entre médicos e irmãs de caridade, bem como as histórias e particularidades de cada um de seus estabelecimentos e respectivas seções, caracterizar as atividades terapêuticas, os métodos utilizados no tratamento dos pacientes, práticas cotidianas de vivências, condições de vida dos internos, as dissonâncias e consonâncias entre médicos, diretores e funcionários. / The Alienated Assistance in the city of Rio de Janeiro, during the first decades of its operation, was under the direct care of the religious charity. At Hospice of Pedro II, first establishment catering exclusively to the treatment of insane in Brazil, the Sisters of Charity were are de forefront of services at least until the year of 1890, when a decree Republican view of a number of medical claims linked to the Faculty of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro, promotes detach the Hospice of Santa Casa de Misericórdia putting assistance in the care of the State. Only then is that doctors might actually crave a place of authority in the process of consolidation psychiatric knowledge and practice in Brazil. In this sense, this work has a main objective to understand not only the process of constitution of psychiatric as a field of specific knowledge about madness, turned into mental illness, but especially surrounding the discourses, practices and political disputes that marked the Assistance alienated in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the First Republic. It aims at making an analysis of the tour as a whole, trying to understand the dispute waged between doctors and nuns, as well as stories and features of each of its establishments and sections characterize the therapeutic activities, the methods used in the treatment of patients, practices everyday experiences, living conditions of the inmates, dissonance and consonance between doctors, officers and employees.

This essay will attempt to explore esoteric elements and connections in Hermann Hesses' final novel Das Glasperlenspiel and whether the narratives and beliefs held by the fictional realm of Castalia and the protagonist Josef Knecht fit into the tradition of western esotericism as defined by Kocku von Stuckrad and Antoine Faivre respectively. An attempt will also be made to explore why the novel has come to influence modern esoteric movements in what Wouter Hanegraaff defines as "New Age religion".

‘Democracy’ has been frequently praised by the Chinese political leadership, while liberal democratic institutions have remained conspicuously absent under CPC one-party rule. This study explores the discourse on democracy in the newspaper China Daily between the years 2007 and 2017 to determine how the concept is articulated in a Chinese presumably alternate discourse on democracy. Fifty articles published between 2007 and 2017 are sampled, and a discourse analysis is performed to identify prominent themes featured in these articles concerning democracy. The sample is then further divided in two subsamples with a cutoff in 2012, to investigate whether there has been a qualitative shift in the discourse since the accession to power of Xi Jinping. The analysis shows that - and how – the discourse treats China largely as a particular democracy, frequently contrasted with ‘Western-style democracy’, and downplays certain democratic principles and institutions in favor of alternative ones. It also shows that an overall shift in tone seems to have occurred since the accession of Xi, from optimistic and progressive to a more negative one.

The specific interest of this dissertation is to analyze and discuss the Swedish political struggle of defining the purposes and aims of higher education during the time period 1992-2007. Underlying this specific interest is a broader interest to take part in a multifold discussion concerning the role of higher education in relation to issues of societal and democratic development and of individual identity and citizenship, in times defined in terms of globalization and pluralism. The study takes its point of departure in discourse theory that directs the research interest to language use and the analysis of the political struggle as a contested discursive practice. The main aims of the study are: (I) To analyze the different discourses concerning the purposes and aims of higher education that are (re)articulated in the political struggle. (II) To analyze how the subject student is positioned in the different discourses. (III) To discuss hegemonic tendencies within the political struggle. The material studied in the dissertation consists of national and European policy texts, including government bills, official government inquiries, departmental reports and declarations from the Bologna process. From the analysis four discourses and subject positions provided for the student are constructed and derived; the classical academic discourse and the critically trained student; the discourse of globalization and the employable student; the discourse of democracy and the actively participating student; and finally the discourse of individual identity and the reflexive student. From the analysis it is concluded that it is possible to observe a variation in language use – in terms of the occurrence of (re)articulation of the different discourses – in the 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century in the political struggle. The closer one gets to 2007 the more this variation in language use is reduced, and the narrower definitions of the purposes and aims of higher education one finds, owing to the hegemonic tendencies of the discourse of globalization. It is also concluded that national politics then assume a more bureaucratic shape and guide itself towards administration of supranational (European) definitions.

This dissertation aims to integrate various learning approaches, i.e., multiple literacies, experiential learning, game-enhanced learning, and global simulation, into an extracurricular module, in which it remodels traditional ways of teaching input, specifically, the lexical- and grammatical-only approaches of business English at a private university in Bangkok, Thailand. Informed by those approaches, a game-enhanced simulation was specifically designed as an experiential space for L2 learners to experience the dynamic and real business contexts of language use. A strategy-simulation video game, RollerCoaster Tycoon 3 Platinum (RCT3), was selected and used in the implementation of the pilot course. The game was embedded in a global simulation of two amusement park companies – where students worked in groups of five to form characters and socially interact with others. The global simulation involved learners in a sequence of genre-based (e.g., memoranda and business presentations) and technology-based tasks (e.g., using Gmail, Google Docs, and LinkedIn). Ten second-year students from five disciplines – Accounting, Logistics Engineering, Technology and Creative Business, Logistics Management, and Airline Business Management, participated in the study. Within this game-enhanced simulation, it turned out that each student simulated the role of a department head that was relevant to her or his discipline, for example, department heads of Financial Management, Technical Service Management, Customer Relationship Management, Legal and Operations Management, and Human Capital Management. The findings show that the learners' interactivity within the gameplay depicted the pedagogical affordances of RCT3 for a business English simulation, that is, exploratory interactivity, goal-orientedness in gameplay, goal-orientedness for roleplaying, and emergent narratives. The data present how this videogame features an interplay between two game perspectives – ludology and narratology. That is, ludic affordances in RCT3 could be activated in a narrative system: meaningful personal or emergent narrative by well-designed global simulation tasks. The simulations were established through students’ interpretation and creativity in gameplay and roleplay as related to their disciplines. Moreover, the game-enhanced simulation appeared to provide learners with an effective social context for promoting global English development and professional identity formation, which moved them beyond the learning practices of traditional coursebooks and classroom settings. Students of the study had opportunities to use professional Discourses related to their disciplines as ways to establish their desired identities within the simulated global workplace.

La thèse propose une théorie du discours de l’avocat devant la Cour de cassation. Plus précisément, c’est une partie du contenu de ce discours, les moyens de cassation, qui sont au cœur de l’analyse. Trop souvent, l’attention des théoriciens du droit se porte sur les discours qui sont traditionnellement perçus comme normatifs, à savoir le discours législatif et le discours jurisprudentiel. Assimilé au discours doctrinal parce qu’il n’est ni scientifique, ni à l’origine d’une norme, le discours de l’avocat demeure quant à lui dans une catégorie (les discours de « politique juridique » selon Kelsen, et les discours de « dogmatique juridique » selon Michel Troper) vouée à l’indifférence. Pourtant, ce n’est parce que les interprétations des avocats sont des actes guidés par la seule volonté de leurs auteurs qu’elles ne gagnent pas à faire l’objet d’une étude scientifique. Certains discours universitaires, également prescriptifs, font l’objet d’analyse visant à montrer leur incidence sur l’évolution de la jurisprudence alors même que d’un point de vue ontologique, le discours de l’avocat est mieux doté pour agir sur l’œuvre jurisprudentielle, notamment lorsqu’il est, comme celui de l’avocat aux Conseils, immédiatement et systématiquement destiné aux juridictions suprêmes. Cette spécificité du discours étudié, dégagée à travers l’étude de sa nature, nous permettra d’en étudier la portée. De ce point de vue, notre thèse, qui doit s’entendre comme une contribution à la théorie réaliste de l’interprétation et à son complément, la théorie des contraintes juridiques, propose une explication de la cohérence jurisprudentielle. Si la Cour de cassation, alors même qu’elle est libre d’interpréter les énoncés législatifs comme elle le souhaite (proposition centrale de la TRI), se montre généralement cohérente par rapport à sa jurisprudence antérieure, c’est parce qu’un ensemble de contraintes spécifiquement juridiques la conduisent à être cohérente (proposition centrale de la TCJ). Or, ces contraintes sont principalement produites ou relayées par les moyens de cassation (notre proposition). Sauf à relever un moyen d’office, procéder à une substitution de motifs ou énoncer un obiter dictum, techniques qui seront exceptionnellement utilisées par cet homo juridicus, la Cour de cassation est généralement contrainte d’effectuer un choix binaire, prédéterminé par le moyen de cassation : réaffirmer l’interprétation des juges du fond (arrêt de rejet) ou retenir celle de l’avocat du demandeur (arrêt de cassation). Autrement dit, le moyen de cassation définit le cadre de l’interprétation authentique, cadre qui favorise la circulation de la jurisprudence antérieure, et qui contraint la Cour de cassation à agir de façon prévisible. / In France, legal realism is currently represented by Michel Troper who is supporting the fact that the law resides in its interpretations by the Supreme Court. Supreme Court interpret legal text with complete freedom because those text do not contain any significations that necessarily need to be apply. This freedom regarding legal text does not exclude the existence of specific legal constraints which determine the supreme Court decisions. Even tough the lawyer’s discourse addressed to supreme jurisdictions does not look like any other legal discourses, it has never been apprehended as a source of constraint limiting sovereign courts freedom. This is what about I will discuss on my thesis.

Magister Artium - MA / South Africa became a globally recognised democratic country in need of a development agenda after its first democratic elections were held in 1994. Democratising South Africa, however, requires rigorous attempts to open up spaces for and by the previously silenced and marginalised segments of society to become active and participatory citizens. Within the framework of New Literacy Studies and a “sociolinguistics of mobility” (Blommaert 2010), this study explored the link between selected discourses and literacy resources used by three groups of Coloured women in the working class township of Wesbank in Cape Town, South Africa. The study was framed as ethnographic, qualitative research and Appraisal Theory (a branch of Systemic Functional Linguistics) was applied to analyse the identified discourses. Based on the research findings, I also identified what literacy resources these women used for the purposes of empowering one another and the broader space of Wesbank. In addition, I proceeded to label several “transportable literacies” that my research participants from this hybrid community – where everyone “…is a migrant from elsewhere” (Dyers 2008) - appeared to be sharing in order to co-create the spaces which they use in Wesbank.

The co-construction of helping services in the community of Ennerdale is a study that explores men’s reluctance to make use of helping and psychological services. Academic and informal literature informs us that men are often unwilling to seek medical or psychological assistance and that the male stereotypes view these services as utilised only by the weak and powerless. A great part of men’s unwillingness is furthermore related to historical male roles and the perception that the helping, and specifically the psychological services, are for the weak and insane. This research study was conducted in the Community of Ennerdale, a community south of Johannesburg. A focus group was conducted with adult male volunteers from the community and individual interviews were conducted with two psychologists, one medical doctor, and one church minister. The study was conducted from a social constructionist epistemology that falls within the qualitative research framework. The social constructionist epistemology views our (individuals) understanding and views of our world as a uniquely social process that is influenced by our gender, culture, language, and history. A discourse analysis was utilised to analyse the information obtained from both the focus group and individual interviews. The results from this research study indicate that a great part of men’s reluctance is related to the dominant male discourses and male scripts that construct men as superior and proud individuals who are not supposed to display weakness or inability. The helping and psychological services are constructed as services that assist the weak, insane and powerless, constructing an identity of weakness and insanity which men wait to avoid. The most common indicator for men’s reluctance is the historical constructs of the helping services and the historical constructs and discourses related to masculinity and appropriate male behaviour. / Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Psychology / unrestricted

The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of the importance of user education in relation to undergraduates´ bachelor thesis. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate how institutional impact is reflected in student text production. The starting point of the study is an observation of user education at Södertörn University Library, where students in the process of writing their bachelor thesis in tourism participated. This student group became the focus of the study.         Through a survey, feedback was collected concerning what the students think the user education might have contributed to in relation to their thesis writing. Whether the importance of user education reflected in the papers has been investigated based on a comparative reference analysis that included bachelor theses in tourism science published between 2015 and 2017. The students' questionnaire answered in general in the support of the user education, where an increased focus on searching in databases and after scientific articles was emphasized. The comparative reference analysis also did not dispute what was expressed in the questionnaire survey although the difference was marginal to those who participated and those that did not. Based on Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, it was investigated how institutional impact was reflected in selected papers. By analysing the user education and guidelines, it was possible to see how a certain type of academic discourse was reproduced in the theses. This study describes the importance of library education in several ways. The discourse analysis showed that library education has a role as a genre of governance where academic and disciplinary discourse is reproduced. The survey also showed that library education constitutes a cognitive authority towards the students, which correlated with the reference analysis.

The thesis argues for the inclusion of the study of religion within the public school curriculum. It argues that the whole division between “religious” and “secular” spaces and institutions is itself rooted in a specific religious tradition. Using the theories of Jacques Derrida, I argue that, unless the present process of globalization is tempered with alternative models of organizing that don’t include this secular/sacred division, the very process of Western globalization acts as a moral religion. Derrida calls this process “globalatinization,” the imposition of Western defined institutions upon other cultures. The process creates a type of religious violence through act of imposing notions of “secular/public” and “sacred/private.” Drawing from Mark Juergensmeyer’s theory of religious violence, and Derrida’s and Foucault’s understanding of discursive formations, I argue that religious studies should enter this “secular/public” space in the form of educating about the world’s religions. Such education would go a long way in preventing the demonization of the “other” through promoting empathy, understanding, and respect for “other” traditions. Finally, education would provide a needed self-critique of the dividing of “secular/sacred” in contemporary Western life.