The distinctiveness effect refers to the empirical finding of superior memory for items that stand out from the environment relative to common stimuli. Two variants of distinctiveness paradigms (isolation effect and orthographic distinctiveness) were examined under intentional learning instructions. The isolation effect was also examined using incidental learning instructions. Both groups exhibited distinctiveness effects; further, these effects were accompanied by increases in recollection and familiarity with intentional learning only. This finding is surprising as older adults normatively show declines in recollection with advancing age. Under incidental instructions, none of the groups demonstrated distinctiveness effects, and estimates of recollection and familiarity were identical for distinct and non-distinct items. There was no evidence for heightened objective source memory for distinct items, across the three experiments. These results contribute to a growing literature that older adults can benefit from the presence of distinct information; however, not with incidental learning instructions. Furthermore, the current experiments suggest that in distinctiveness paradigms, older adults are able to display estimates of recollection that are commensurate with young adults. This outcome may arise because distinctiveness paradigms support relational processing, which in turn can improve item-specific processing and boost recollection judgments.

Bombarded by various waves of consumer information,Taiwan has hit the road to the so-called ¡§style society¡¨ with the trend towards aestheticization of daily lives and growing emphasis on tastes, and in the meantime the industries, while churning out products, do not forget to compete for the interpretive power and symbolic control over the media. In Taiwan, as far as cultural tastes and lifestyle modeling are concerned, the ¡§Eslite phenomenon¡¨ shall not be ignored. With content analysis, this research probes into the editorial logic by which the Eslite Bookstore, as one of the important indicators on the map of Taiwan culture consumers¡¦ tastes, has tried to design its style-based Eslite Book Review and Eslite Reader magazines. In the end, the researcher deliberates over some visages of bourgeois tastes shaped by Eslite and contextualizes the findings in the class struggles for culture distinction as well as the recent social-economic changes in Taiwan. As the research shows, the main editorial notion of Eslite Bookstore is to construct an orthodox and legitimized legitimate taste domain by the voices of those culturally powerful male experts. It aims to build up a consumer style that is different from the past bourgeois conspicuous consumption and offers certain symbolic repertoires for the pursuit of delicate culture and life.Proclaiming itself as with higher cultural capital, Eslite prefers to involve more cultural activities and discourses to demonstrate its superiority, and to balance practical functions with more style innovations to distinguish itself from peers. In general, Eslite Book Review and Eslite Reader maintain a consistent style that uniquely belongs to Eslite . During the period of Eslite Book Review, it stresses mainly on life attitude, aesthetic style the second; whereas, Eslite Reader puts aesthetic style on the top of life attitude. Neither in these two periods have conventional values been emphasized. Eslite skillfully takes advantage of the existing cultural capital from the academic and expert systems to polish its cultural taste, and then elegantly projects such a cultural taste onto its consumers.By doing so, it successfully attains the identification from the readership and achieves its purpose of accumulating cultural capital and transforming it into economic capital.

This thesis investigates the role of practical activity in the union of the soul and God in Meister Eckhart. Since Eckhart’s attitude toward temporal works is highly inconsistent, the thesis begins by examining the complex and intimate relationship between God and the temporal order in Eckhart’s discussions of creation in principio. Next it considers the creation of man and how he, through the natural function of the intellect interacting with the created order, is transformed into the image of God. Finally it examines the relationship between the intellectual and practical acts and considers the possibility of a union between God and the soul which takes place in practical activity in Eckhart’s thought. Throughout, the thesis makes reference to Eckhart’s creative use of the term indistinctum (indistinct) and its Middle High German equivalents with respect to God, the soul, and the union between the two.

Martinborough, a small rural settlement renowned for its Pinot Noir wines, is a popular holiday destination for many of the new middle class resident in nearby Wellington, New Zealand's capital city. Attracted by the prospect of a rural idyll experience and conspicuous opportunities for urbane consumption, Martinborough's wine tourists also typically desired highly idealised and personalised holiday experiences. My thesis therefore examines the tourists' performative displays and public narratives of social distinction and ideal reflexive individuality. I explore the collusive framing of Martinborough as a metro-rural idyll dedicated to urbane and leisured consumption, and how within this performative setting tourists attempted to reconcile their middle class distinction (general and hierarchical) with their simultaneous pursuit of a reflexive praiseworthy self (Howland 2004). My analysis arises from participant-observation fieldwork, interviews, and surveys in a number of public tourism and wine contexts in Martinborough and elsewhere. Social distinction is marked by the competitive struggle for, and deployment of, various capitals by individuals and groups (Bourdieu 1984). Bourdieu (1984, 2002) contends that within habitus various subconscious, durable, and transposable dispositions are generated. I argue that reflexive individuality is a pervasive habitus, especially for Martinborough's middle class tourists, and that this "reflexive habitus" (Sweetman 2003: 537) generates ideal dispositions, which are mediated through other habitus (e.g. occupational, ethnic etc), and which individuals variously enact, aspire to, narrate, or performatively display. These ideals include autonomy in thought and action, and dedication to self-improvement. In post-industrial societies reflexive individuality is an influential dynamic in social connectedness, occupational pathways, political movements, consumption, and in the individualised assembly of intersubjectivities (Beck 2002; Giddens 1991). The tourists' desire for ideal reflexive individuality is, however, routinely frustrated within their everyday domestic, occupational and consumerist experiences. The stratification mechanisms of social distinction also clearly possess the capacity to disrupt or invalidate the praiseworthy self. Individuals are thus drawn to fields of action where they perceive the greatest opportunities for personal autonomy and choice. For Martinborough's tourists this included various urbane and leisured consumption activities, their reflexive sociality, and the articulation of autobiographical narratives that affirmed personal tastes and individual orientations toward social distinction. Martinborough's tourists reproduced a mythology of an enduring vernacular rural idyll. This rural idyll provided the moral foundation for an equally romanticised metro-rural idyll which, in conjunction with the tourists similarly idealised notions of 'the French tradition' of fine wine, provided a corroborating setting for their leisured consumption of urbane commodities that performatively affirmed their middle class distinction. The tourists' pursuit of social distinction was also significantly enhanced by the democraticisation of the cultural capital of wine connoisseurship, the tiered production of wine, and by the provision of conspicuous opportunities to engage in singular, episodic, and performative wine consumption. The metro-rural idyll, in combination with a pervasive New World wine ethos that promoted personalised innovation and experimentation, also provided a validating locale for the tourists' pursuit of ideal reflexive individuality. Accordingly tourists' personal wine choices were conspicuously celebrated and many aspects of wine production, producers, purchasing, and consumption were reflexively biographised. The tourists' displays of reflexive sociality and their reflexive distinction narratives were also important components in their performative assertions of ideal reflexive individuality.

This thesis suggests an explanation for how it is possible for individuals living in an unsafe neighborhood to expressa highlevel of security. Araby is the district in Växjö municipality withthe highest level of insecurity. Within the district, there is acategory of individuals in security-measurements showing a high degree of security. Inhabitants living in house in Araby also seem to show a higher level of security than inhabitants in the same accommodation in other neighborhoods in the municipality.The study's purpose is to understand how individuals belonging to an unsafe neighborhood can experience a high degree of security.Qualitative data were collected from an observation in Araby and from interviews with individuals living in house in the district. Previous research has shown that security in the surrounding area depends on several factors, such as disorders, the degree of social control and personal opinions. Thestudy shows how a distinction to places and people in the district can explain the degree of security. When security is related to something more insecure, the level of security seems toincrease. The conclusion is therefor that individuals in an unsafe neighborhood can expressa high degree of security because security is seen in relation to something that describes asmore insecure.

Exploro a biografia cultural de um vestido criado pelo estilista Rui Spohr e comprado por Heloisa Brenner, senhora da aristocracia rural do Rio Grande do Sul. O objeto foi apresentado num desfile de moda realizado em Porto Alegre, em 1971, e acompanhou a proprietária por quatro décadas, sendo escolhido por ela para vesti-la no seu aniversário de 80 anos, em 2011. No ano seguinte, sintetizou quase 60 anos de carreira profissional de Rui numa exposição sobre moda num museu de arte, em São Paulo, tornando-se “obra de arte” aos olhos do criador. A proprietária, por sua vez, exalta seu status longevo para atribuir importância à peça. Trançando as trajetórias dos personagens, percorro tensões e transformações simbólicas. Ao falar sobre o vestido aqui entendido como objeto biográfico, Heloisa e Rui falam sobre si. E a roupa fala sobre o criador e a proprietária. Nesse processo, demonstro como a roupa exerce agência sobre os sujeitos com quem interage, sendo ela própria resultante de intencionalidades. / I explore the cultural biography of a dress created by designer Rui Spohr and purchased by Heloisa Brenner, member of the rural aristocracy of Rio Grande do Sul. The object was presented during a fashion show held in Porto Alegre, in 1971, and lived along with its owner for four decades, being chosen to dress her up at her 80th Birthday party, in 2011. One year later, it synthesized almost 60 years of Rui’s professional career in a fashion exhibition at an art museum, in São Paulo, becoming a work of art in the face of the creator. The owner, in turn, exalts her long-lived status atributing importance to the item. Brading the characters’ trajectories, I cover tensions and symbolic transformations. In speaking about the dress understood here as a biographical object, Heloisa and Rui speak about themselves. And the garment speaks about its creator and owner. In this process, I demonstrate how the object exercises agency upon subjects with whom it interacts, being itself a result of intentionality.

Currently there is limited published literature on procedures for teaching distinction to individuals who are diagnosed with autism. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedures outlined within the PEAK T curriculum to teaching participants to respond in terms of the non-arbitrary property of distinction (i.e., “different”). The procedures that are described in the PEAK T program- 3D- Distinction: Picture Discrimination was replicated across three young males diagnosed with autism using a multiple exemplar simple discrimination training. Responding to non-arbitrary features of stimuli other than sameness is pivotal in the development of more complex forms of language. All three individuals achieved mastery criterion. The results continue to add to the need for research on the different frames of RFT.

With narrative method, we investigate what happens with football players from Sweden whenthey go from national football to international football. Because of this profession, therespondents move in what Bourdieu calls the social space (Bourdieu 1986). Narrative methodhas given us a deep insight into our respondent´s experiences as professional football players inone of the five highest ranked leagues in Europe (UEFA 2018). The unstructured interviewsthat we used gave us a good empire. Through this approach, we try to capture the subjectiveexperiences of respondents (Kvale &amp; Brinkmann 2014). The narratives of the respondentsdiffer in many ways, because of their background. This is something we have been given theopportunity to analyze with the unstructured interviews. The payroll increases dramatically, asattitude towards the teammates and the whole device around the individual changes. Ouranalyze can answer that a class trip is conducted when respondents go from national tointernational football. / <p>2018-06-07</p>

Exploro a biografia cultural de um vestido criado pelo estilista Rui Spohr e comprado por Heloisa Brenner, senhora da aristocracia rural do Rio Grande do Sul. O objeto foi apresentado num desfile de moda realizado em Porto Alegre, em 1971, e acompanhou a proprietária por quatro décadas, sendo escolhido por ela para vesti-la no seu aniversário de 80 anos, em 2011. No ano seguinte, sintetizou quase 60 anos de carreira profissional de Rui numa exposição sobre moda num museu de arte, em São Paulo, tornando-se “obra de arte” aos olhos do criador. A proprietária, por sua vez, exalta seu status longevo para atribuir importância à peça. Trançando as trajetórias dos personagens, percorro tensões e transformações simbólicas. Ao falar sobre o vestido aqui entendido como objeto biográfico, Heloisa e Rui falam sobre si. E a roupa fala sobre o criador e a proprietária. Nesse processo, demonstro como a roupa exerce agência sobre os sujeitos com quem interage, sendo ela própria resultante de intencionalidades. / I explore the cultural biography of a dress created by designer Rui Spohr and purchased by Heloisa Brenner, member of the rural aristocracy of Rio Grande do Sul. The object was presented during a fashion show held in Porto Alegre, in 1971, and lived along with its owner for four decades, being chosen to dress her up at her 80th Birthday party, in 2011. One year later, it synthesized almost 60 years of Rui’s professional career in a fashion exhibition at an art museum, in São Paulo, becoming a work of art in the face of the creator. The owner, in turn, exalts her long-lived status atributing importance to the item. Brading the characters’ trajectories, I cover tensions and symbolic transformations. In speaking about the dress understood here as a biographical object, Heloisa and Rui speak about themselves. And the garment speaks about its creator and owner. In this process, I demonstrate how the object exercises agency upon subjects with whom it interacts, being itself a result of intentionality.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A presente pesquisa trata sobre os processos de consagrados e seus mecanismos de construÃÃo de diferenciaÃÃo entre os DJs da cidade de Fortaleza. Partindo das compreensÃes de Bourdieu, as aÃÃes dos agentes no seu espaÃo social, indicados pelo habitus, criam uma luta simbÃlica por posiÃÃes de prestÃgio atravÃs do acÃmulo de capital simbÃlico dentro da cena. AtravÃs do resgate histÃrico de suas carreiras, à possÃvel identificar as possÃveis instÃncias de consagraÃÃo e legitimaÃÃo dos agentes. Propus-me a pensar os sujeitos e suas atribuiÃÃes de sentido que estabelecem a partir das vivÃncias, das ideias e do conhecimento necessÃrio para se tornar consagrado, reconhecido, lembrado pelos demais DJs da cidade. Os dados utilizando sÃo entrevistas com trÃs agentes (Fil, Fran Viana e Rodrigo LobbÃo), associadas Ãs notÃcias e entrevistas veiculadas em jornais, sites, revistas e blogs especializados na disseminaÃÃo das atividades da cena local. Como resultado, percebe-se uma lÃgica particular, no qual hà relaÃÃo direta entre o acÃmulo de conhecimento, proporcionado pelas experiÃncias de sua carreira, e as posiÃÃes de deferÃncia aos demais.