Objetivando contribuir para futuros programas e projetos de planejamento ambiental na região de Cananéia-Iguape e Ilha Comprida, foram realizados no presente estudo levantamentos de dados dos meios social, econômico e ambiental, que visaram demonstrar o atual estado desta região, de forma que pudessem ser identificados os principais aspectos de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Para subsidiar a análise, foi aplicado o modelo conceitual DPSIR (Forças Motoras- Pressão- Estado- Impacto- Resposta), cujo resultado demonstrou que a região apesar de concentrar diversas Unidades de Conservação, apresenta sinais de interferência humana evidentes na qualidade da água do estuário, apresentando em determinadas localidades do estuário problemas de eutrofização. Além deste problema, foi identificado na área de estudo, a necessidade de maiores investimentos para o desenvolvimento socioecômico local. O uso do modelo DPSIR colaborou de forma adequada para apontar problemas além dos anteriormente citados, demonstrando dessa forma, como uma excelente ferramenta para apoio de futuros projetos de planejamento ambiental na região. / Aiming to contribute for future programs and environmental planning projects in the Cananéia-Iguape and Ilha Comprida region, was made in this paper a data-collection using social, economic and environmental factors that had demonstrated the current situation of the main aspects of the region and its social-environmental vulnerability. To subsidize the analysis a conceptual model DPSIR was applied (Drivers - Pressure - State _ Impact - Response), and its result demonstrated that the region although the concentration of diverse protected areas presents signals of interference human evidences in the water quality of the estuary, such as eutrophication processes. Beyond this problem, the necessity of investments for the local development was identified in the region. The use of the DPSIR model collaborated to point problems beyond previously cited, demonstrating it as an excellent tool to support future projects of environmental planning in the region.

Objetivando contribuir para futuros programas e projetos de planejamento ambiental na região de Cananéia-Iguape e Ilha Comprida, foram realizados no presente estudo levantamentos de dados dos meios social, econômico e ambiental, que visaram demonstrar o atual estado desta região, de forma que pudessem ser identificados os principais aspectos de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Para subsidiar a análise, foi aplicado o modelo conceitual DPSIR (Forças Motoras- Pressão- Estado- Impacto- Resposta), cujo resultado demonstrou que a região apesar de concentrar diversas Unidades de Conservação, apresenta sinais de interferência humana evidentes na qualidade da água do estuário, apresentando em determinadas localidades do estuário problemas de eutrofização. Além deste problema, foi identificado na área de estudo, a necessidade de maiores investimentos para o desenvolvimento socioecômico local. O uso do modelo DPSIR colaborou de forma adequada para apontar problemas além dos anteriormente citados, demonstrando dessa forma, como uma excelente ferramenta para apoio de futuros projetos de planejamento ambiental na região. / Aiming to contribute for future programs and environmental planning projects in the Cananéia-Iguape and Ilha Comprida region, was made in this paper a data-collection using social, economic and environmental factors that had demonstrated the current situation of the main aspects of the region and its social-environmental vulnerability. To subsidize the analysis a conceptual model DPSIR was applied (Drivers - Pressure - State _ Impact - Response), and its result demonstrated that the region although the concentration of diverse protected areas presents signals of interference human evidences in the water quality of the estuary, such as eutrophication processes. Beyond this problem, the necessity of investments for the local development was identified in the region. The use of the DPSIR model collaborated to point problems beyond previously cited, demonstrating it as an excellent tool to support future projects of environmental planning in the region.

In der Geschichte Libanons sind Steinbrüche immer für die Gewinnung von Baumaterialien wie Sand, Kies, Steine, Zement usw. genutzt worden. Durch die Komplexität dieses Sektors im Libanon gibt es kaum verfügbare Daten, Erhebungen und Studien über Ausmaß und Auswirkungen der Abbautätigkeit. Deshalb behandelt die vorliegende Untersuchung eines der drängendsten Probleme und legt eine aktuelle Datenübersicht über die Steinbrüche vor. Es ist ein vollständiger und integrierter Überblick über die Steinbrüche im Libanon im Allgemeinen und das Problem ihre Rehabilitation im Besonderen unter Berücksichtigung des schwierigen Themas eines integrierten Steinbruchmanagements in einem nachhaltigen Konzept. Meilensteine und Etappen bei der Etablierung eines Rehabilitationsprogrammes werden auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen wie der öffentliche Sektor, der private Sektor und den öffentlichen Kommunen entwickelt. Um die Nachhaltigkeit des Rehabilitationskonzeptes aufzuzeigen, wurde ein Feldexperiment in einem ehemaligen Steinbruch nördlich von Beirut angelegt. Bei dieser Rehabilitation wurden in die aufgebrachte Bodenschicht Johannisbrotbäume (Ceratonia siliqua) aufgepflanzt. Durch diese Fallstudie konnte die Nachhaltigkeit der Maßnahme für das Management natürlicher Ressourcen geprüft, unterschiedliche Ergebnisse validiert und untersucht werden. / Throughout Lebanon’s history, quarries have been used as a means to extract essential construction materials such as sand, aggregates, stone masonry, cement, block stone, and others. Due to complexity of the quarry sector in Lebanon very few data are available, records and studies in this field are limited. Therefore, the presented research tackles one of Lebanon’s most pressing issues and represents the most updated database on quarries in Lebanon. A comprehensive and integrated overview of the quarries issue in Lebanon in general and the problem of rehabilitation in particular are given and the problematical topic of an integrated quarry planning within a sustainable development concept in Lebanon is pointed out. Milestones and landmarks toward the adoption of a setup needed for the proper rehabilitation approach at different levels as public sector, private sector and local communities are developed. In order to demonstrate the rehabilitation concept was realised a field experiment in a closed quarry northerly from Beirut. The rehabilitation was finalised by planting of carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua) in a layer of top soil. By this case study it was possible to address a sustainable procedure for natural resources management, examine and validate.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O planejamento e gestÃo ambiental em uma bacia hidrogrÃfica sÃo necessÃrios para o estabelecimento da utilizaÃÃo adequada dos recursos naturais existentes. Daà se ressalta a importÃncia de estudos que reÃnem e discutam os aspectos naturais, econÃmicos e sociais que influenciam na dinÃmica daquela unidade ambiental. Com efeito, realizou-se o diagnÃstico ambiental da bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Guaribas, litoral oeste do CearÃ, Nordeste do Brasil, com a aplicaÃÃo de indicadores do modelo DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses). Dentre os objetivos especÃficos, citam-se: (i) realizar a caracterizaÃÃo ambiental e socieconÃmica da bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio guaribas, (ii) analisar o conjunto de indicadores do modelo DPSIR como instrumento de apoio à tomada de decisÃo no Ãmbito de polÃticas pÃblicas, (iii) Forncer um conjuto de propostas que visam melhorar a qualidade de vida da populaÃÃo presete na Ãrea de estudo. O embasamento teÃrico-metodolÃgico foi alicerÃado no modelo conceitual DPSIR, desenvolvido pela OrganizaÃÃo para a CooperaÃÃo e Desenvolvimento EconÃmico em 2002. O modelo citado privilegia a anÃlise das relaÃÃes ecossistÃmicas e antropogÃnicas inseridas nos sistemas ambientais presentes na Ãrea de estudo. Desse modo, a pesquisa proporcionou uma anÃlise integrada dos problemas ambientais em relaÃÃo Ãs causas que os produzem, sendo ainda incluso as respostas entendidas como aÃÃes propositivas que podem ser fomentadas e desenvolvidas pelas administraÃÃes pÃblicas, pela sociedade civil e pelos setores econÃmicos. Entende-se que a apropriaÃÃo do espaÃo na Ãrea de estudo ocorre em funÃÃo do processo de urbanizaÃÃo, das instalaÃÃes do complexo portuÃrio e da utilizaÃÃo dos recursos naturais, atraÃdos pela polÃtica de desenvolvimento econÃmico estadual que, ao entrar em conflito com as comunidades tradicionais, evidencia uma distribuiÃÃo desigual dos usos do espaÃo litorÃneo. Assim, à possÃvel afirmar que a aplicabilidade do modelo DPSIR foi de grande relevÃncia, pois proporcionou uma anÃlise integrada dos problemas socioambientais, sendo ainda incluso as aÃÃes propositivas que podem ser fomentadas pelas administraÃÃes pÃblicas, sociedade civil e setores econÃmicos. Considera-se que hà necessidade urgente de disciplinamento na utilizaÃÃo dos ambientes litorÃneos presentes no setor oeste do Estado do CearÃ. / The planning and environmental management within a watershed are needed to establish the appropriate use of natural resources. From this, it is emphasized the importance of studies that gather and discuss the aspects of natural, economic and social dynamics that influence the environmental unit. In effect, it was done the environmental diagnosis of river basin of Guaribas, west coast of CearÃ, Northeast of Brazil, with the application of indicators of DPSIR model (Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses). Among the specific objectives are: (i) identify the main environmental problems affecting the population that inhabits the river basin of Guaribas, (ii) analyze the set of indicators of the DPSIR framework as a tool to support decision making in context of public policy, (iii) identify the actions needed to solve the environmental problems found in the study area. The theoretical and methodological framework was founded on DPSIR conceptual model, developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2002. The above model focuses on the analysis of the ecosystemic and anthropogenic relationships embedded in the environmental systems present in the study area. Thus, the research provided an integrated analysis of environmental problems in relation to the causes that produce them, and even included the answers understood as purposeful actions that can be fostered and developed by government, civil society and economic sectors. It is understood that the appropriation of space in the study area occurs as a result of the urbanization process, the facilities of the port complex and the use of natural resources, attracted by the policy of state economic development state that, when conflict with the traditional communities, shows an uneven distribution of uses of coastal space. Thus, it was possible to say that the applicability of the DPSIR model was of great importance because it provided an integrated analysis of environmental problems, which still included the purposeful actions that can be fostered by government, civil society and economic sectors. It is considered that there is urgent need for discipline in the use of coastal environments present in the western sector of the State of CearÃ.

En France, les phénomènes de périurbanisation imposent une réflexion sur les conditions d’un développement urbain durable. En zone languedocienne, dans un contexte de forte attractivité démographique, l'urbanisation rapide et mal maîtrisée se fait aux dépens des terres agricoles les plus productives de la région, sur la plaine littorale. L’évolution des demandes sociales et les enjeux autour de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale interrogent sur la façon dont les politiques de planification périurbaine intègrent le foncier agricole. Pour objectiver les débats et appuyer les décisions, les instances agricoles expriment des besoins urgents en indicateurs spatialisés. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une démarche de co-construction d’un système d’indicateurs pour suivre les processus d’artificialisation des terres. Modélisation systémique et concertation itérative ont été retenues comme les approches adaptées pour guider le processus de constitution et de sélection des indicateurs. Cette recherche revisite le modèle DPSIR en l’adaptant au concept de système territorial et propose d’organiser la participation des acteurs pour garantir une légitimité d'utilisation des indicateurs. L’application de la méthode, inscrite dans des impératifs d’opérationnalité, porte sur la production et la mise à disposition en ligne d’un ensemble organisé de 141 indicateurs spatialisés liant l’évolution du capital foncier à celle de la tache artificialisée languedocienne. / In France, suburbanization phenomena impose to think the conditions for sustainable urban development. In the Languedoc region, in a context of a strong demographic attractiveness, fast and uncontrolled urbanization happens at the expense of the most productive farmland in the region, on the coastal plain. The evolution of social demands, as well as issues around food security on a world scale, raise the question how suburban planning policies deal with the agricultural land issue. In order to objectify discussions and support the decisions, the agricultural authorities have expressed an urgent need for spatial indicators. The objective of this thesis is to propose an approach to co-build a system of indicators so as to monitor the land urbanization process. Systems modeling and iterative consultation were chosen as the appropriate approaches to lead the making up process and the selection of indicators. This research revisits the DPSIR model by adapting it to the concept of territorial system and proposes to organize the participation of stakeholders to ensure legitimacy for the use of indicators. The method application, part of the operational requirements, covers the production and availability online of a structured set of 141 spatial indicators linking the evolution of land assets and the one of the languedocian “artificialized patch”.

För att motverka halka på vägar och skapa bättre framkomlighet och trafiksäkerhet för trafikanter under vintersäsonger, används halkskyddsmedel på vägarna. I dagsläget och sannolikt under en överskådlig framtid innebär det att man använder natriumkloridbaserade medel NaCl i form av vägsalt då NaCl är det mest effektiva samt kostnadseffektiva medlet för halkskydd. Trots att NaCl är det mest effektiva medlet mot halka kan vägsalt samtidigt orsaka vissa negativa effekter på miljön. Studier visar på att vägsaltet sprider sig i miljön genom flera olika transportmekanismer vilket gör vägsaltet till ett komplext problem. Vägsalt påverkar bland annat träden negativt, långvarig exponering för salt kan försvaga träden och leda till att träden dör. Klimatförändringar har potentialen att även i framtiden öka, om än kontraintuitivt, efterfrågan på vägsalt i städer med kallt vinterklimat. Därav behövs ett proaktivt tillvägagångssätt för att minska de negativa effekterna vägsaltet har på miljön och träden. Forskning visar på att det finns behov av mer kunskap samt kvalitativa studier gällande vägsalt och dess miljöeffekter. Hittills har det inte funnits någon probabilistisk metod för att bedöma miljörisken vägsalt utgör för gatuträden för att ge nödvändigt stöd till beslutsfattare. Riskbedömningar och riskhantering är viktiga medel i beslutstödjande arbeten. Syftet med denna studie har därav varit att utveckla, tillämpa och utvärdera modeller för övergripande miljöriskbedömningar av vägsalt som ett miljöförorenande ämne. För studien valdes två gator i Stockholms stad, Vasagatan samt Sockenvägen. Studien inleds med litteraturstudier som behandlar trädens roll i urbana miljöer, vägsaltets spridningsvägar, vägsaltets påverkan på träden och miljön samt olika saltmanagementmetoder. Baserade på data från litteraturstudien utfördes miljöriskbedömningar för träd-och vegetation, grundvatten samt jord i studieområdena. En riskbedömning utfördes för ett scenario där vägsalt inte används på vägarna och risken detta kan utgöra för människor. Vidare utvecklades och arbetades det fram olika åtgärdsförslag för studieområdena. Åtgärdsförslagen bedömdes och graderades i en bedömningsmatris. Sammantaget belyser studien vikten av att kontinuerligt samla in saltdata, skapa förståelse för vägsaltets spridningsvägar, utföra miljöriskanalyser på flera miljöområden gällande vägsalt, arbeta fram olika saltmanagementmetoder samt upprätta policyn för vägsalt i syfte att minimera vägsaltets skadliga effekter på träden och ekosystemen i Stockholms stad. / To prevent slippery roads and ensure better traffic safety for road-users during winter seasons, de-icing agents are used on the roads. Currently and probably for the foreseeable future this means using the sodium chloride-based agent NaCl in the form of road salt, which currently is the most effective and cost-effective de-icer. Despite benefits for road safety road salt can at the same time pose negative effects on the environment. Several studies describe how road salt spreads in the environment through several different transport mechanisms, which deems road salt a complex problem. Road salt affects, among other things trees negatively, prolonged exposure to salt weakens the trees and can lead to the death of the damaged trees. Climate change has the potential to even in the future, albeit counterintuitively, increase the demand for NaCl based road salt, during winter seasons in cities with continental climate, as road salt is a cost-effective agent. Hence, a proactive approach is needed to be able to reduce the negative effects road salt has on the environment and trees. Research shows there is a need for more knowledge and qualitative studies regarding road salt and its environmental effects and the effects on street trees. Until now there has been no probabilistic method to assess the environmental risks posed by road salt on street trees to provide the necessary support to decision makers. Environmental risk assessments and risk management are important tools in decision support. The aim of this study has therefore been to develop, apply and evaluate a model for an overall environmental risk assessment of road salt as a pollutant. For the study two streets were chosen in the city of Stockholm, Vasagatan and Sockenvägen. The study is introduced with literature studies on the roles of trees in urban environments, the dispersal paths of road salt, the impact of road salt on trees and the environment and road salt management methods. Based on data from the literature study an environmental risk assessment was carried out for trees and vegetation, ground water and soil in the study areas. A risk assessment was carried out for a scenario where road salt is not applied on the roads and the risk this may pose to human health. Furthermore, various suggestions for mitigation methods for the study areas were developed. The proposed mitigation measures were assessed and graded in an assessment matrix. The study highlights the importance of collecting road salt data continuously over several seasons, creating an understanding of road salt's dispersal paths, performing environmental risk assessments and analysis on several environmental areas regarding road salt. The study also highlights the need for developing different salt management methods and establishing policies aimed to reduce harmful effects of road salt on the trees and ecosystems in the city of Stockholm.

Les espaces côtiers sont des socio-écosystèmes complexes où les composantes écologiques, humaines et décisionnelles présentent des relations multiples et réciproques. Du fait de la croissance démographique et du tourisme, ces espaces sont menacés en permanence par l’augmentation de l'intensité et de la diversité des usages récréatifs qui y sont pratiquées. Afin de mieux évaluer et gérer ces espaces, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte explicitement les usages qui s’y pratiquent et les modalités d’intervention de la gestion. L’analyse de données de suivi de la fréquentation sur une période de 10 ans, ainsi que d’enquêtes auprès des usagers a permis de montrer que le nombre d’usagers a particulièrement augmenté dans les AMP durant les week-ends et la saison estivale, avec aussi une fréquence et une intensité accrues des pics de fréquentation. Bien que les pratiques au sein des AMP soient moins impactantes car encadrées par la gestion, les pressions dues aux usages récréatifs y sont plus importantes du fait de la concentration des usagers dans ces espaces. On a constaté que l’état de santé de la biodiversité avait diminué et que la capacité de charge sociale était atteinte dans certains espaces récréatifs. Par ailleurs, dans les AMP, la qualité environnementale apparaît comme un facteur important de satisfaction pour les usagers, mais les impacts qu’ils engendrent entraînent une perte de la biodiversité au niveau des peuplements de poissons, des oiseaux et des habitats coralliens. De plus, la concentration des usagers et la diversification de pratiques parfois conflictuelles dégradent la qualité de l’expérience des usagers les incitant à se déplacer vers d’autres sites. En conséquence les pressions se diffusent vers des sites moins accessibles, souvent moins réglementés et donc plus vulnérables. L’ensemble de ces résultats a permis de définir un modèle décrivant les relations entre biodiversité, usages et réponse de gestion, et ce dans le but de tester des scénarios utiles à la gestion des espaces côtiers tout en identifiant les besoins en acquisition de connaissances. / Coastal areas are complex socio-ecosystem where ecological, human and decisional compounds show multiple and reciprocal relationships. Because of the growth of population and tourism sector, coastal areas are permanently threatened through increase of recreational uses and diversification of related activities. To better understand coastal areas functioning, it is necessary to take into account uses and their management. Monitoring data over a ten years period revealed that recreational uses greatly increased especially within Marine Protecting Areas (MPA), during week-end days and warm season resulting to higher and more frequent frequentation peaks. While, practices within MPA are managed to decrease impacts, pressures associated with recreational uses are higher because of the concentration of users within MPA. As a consequence, ecological state decrease and social carrying capacity has been reached in several sites. Environmental quality is an important feature of satisfaction for recreational users but their activity lead to ecological impacts on fish, bird and habitat diversity of reef ecosystems. In addition, users’ concentration and the diversification of sometimes conflicting practices decrease quality of experience of users and can lead to their displacement to other sites. As a consequence, pressures spread to less accessible sites, often not regulated and thus more threatened.Results allowed defining a model describing relationship between biodiversity, uses and management response. This model was used to test management scenarios, useful for integrated coastal area management and for identify knowledge gaps.

Coastman (Coastal Zone Management in the Baltic Sea Region) är ett internationellt INTERREG III B projekt och drivs av avdelningen för Industriell Ekologi på KTH tillsammans med Stockholms Stadsbyggnadskontor och ett antal universitet/kommuner runt Östersjön. Projektet innebär att värdera erfarenheter och metoder för kustzons planering där olika intressekonflikter finns kring såväl ekologiska, sociala och ekonomiska aspekter. Den Svenska fallstudien i projektet avser nedläggningen av oljeterminalen Loudden. Loudden är den största oljedepån i östra mellan Sverige och hanterar bensin, olika oljor och diesel. 1999 fattade Stockholms kommunfullmäktige beslutet att Loudden ska avvecklas och upphöra till år 2011. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att använda Loudden som fallstudie och analysera hur hållbar utveckling påverkar planeringen av en ny hamnstruktur för Stockholms oljeförsörjning utifrån två frågeställningar: • Hur kan visionen om hållbar utveckling påverka planeringen av en ny oljehamnstruktur? • Går DPSIR-modellen att tillämpa för att ta fram indikatorer som beskriver hur visionen om hållbar utveckling kan påverka planeringen av en ny oljehamnstruktur? DPSIR-modellen används för att ta fram och beskriva indikatorer för hållbar utveckling. Modellen tillämpades för att förenkla och beskriva sambanden i en komplex oljehamnsstruktur: Drivkraft (D) • Energi konsumtion och befolkningsutveckling • Depåer och transporter Tillstånd (S) • Risker och olyckor • Skyddsvärda områden Åtgärder (R) • Transportpolitiska mål • Regional planering • Kommunal planering • Aktörers medverkan Påverkan (P) • Utsläpp till luft • Utsläpp till vatten • Avfall Konsekvenser (I) • Miljökonsekvenser • Ekonomiska konsekvenser För att på ett effektivare sätt kunna tillämpa indikatorerna utformades fyra stycken förenklade kriterier, för att förtydliga vad en hållbar oljehamnstruktur är, till varje kriterium kopplades ett par indikatorer. Kriterierna betonade en trygg oljeförsörjning som håller hög kvalitet, positiv regional utveckling, säkerhet och miljö samt aktörers möjlighet att delta och medverka i planeringen av oljehamnstrukturen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes bland handläggare för att belysa deras medverkan i planeringen av den oljehamnsstruktur som ska ersätta Ludden. I resultaten framgick det att 33 % vill att någon form av regionalt organ ska fatta beslut om hur försörjningen av olja i Stockholmsregionens ska se ut efter att Loudden har avvecklats. Slutligen många av de begrepp som ingår i hållbar utveckling har i tidigare utredningar diskuterats men ingen har använt sig av begreppet hållbar utveckling. För att tillämpa hållbar utveckling i planeringen av en ny oljehamnstruktur är DPSIR – modellen användbar för att förtydliga orsakssambanden inom oljehamnstrukturen och se till att inga viktiga frågor lämnas därhän. Enligt mig bör alla aktörer som är berörda av planeringen av en ny oljehamnsstruktur tillsammans utforma hållbarhetskriterierna och tydliga gemensamma kriterier/mål för att förankra arbetet och besluten hos aktörerna. För att möjliggöra detta anser jag att det måste tillsättas ett regionalt organ som ansvarar för hamnfrågan. / www.ima.kth.se / Coastman

Τα μεγάλα φράγματα έχουν συχνά επικριθεί για τις αρνητικές περιβαλλοντικές και κοινωνικές επιπτώσεις τους. Tο είδος και η βαρύτητα των επιπτώσεων ενός φράγματος συνδέονται με το μέγεθος και τα υλικά κατασκευής του, καθώς και με τα χαρακτηριστικά του ποταμού και της υδρολογικής λεκάνης του. Στα πλαίσια της αντιμετώπισης των περιβαλλοντικών προβλημάτων από την κατασκευή και λειτουργία ενός φράγματος, απαιτείται, όπως και για κάθε τεχνικό έργο, Εκτίμηση Περιβαλλοντικών Επιπτώσεων (ΕΠΕ), η οποία περιλαμβάνεται στη Μελέτη Περιβαλλοντικών Επιπτώσεων (ΜΠΕ) που εκπονείται πριν από το έργο. Με την παρούσα εργασία επιχειρείται η ολοκληρωμένη εκτίμηση και αξιολόγηση των περιβαλλοντικών επιπτώσεων τόσο από την κατασκευή των φραγμάτων Βαλμαδούρας και Αστερίου, στους ποταμούς Πείρο και Παραπείρο, όσο και από τη μελλοντική τους λειτουργία. Επί πλέον επιχειρείται συγκριτική αξιολόγηση των επιπτώσεων που κάνει η ΜΠΕ με τη δική μας αξιολόγηση, καθώς και η διερεύνηση της εφαρμογής των περιβαλλοντικών όρων που ανατέθηκαν από το ΥΠΕΧΩΔΕ στον φορέα εκτέλεσης και λειτουργίας του έργου «Ύδρευση της Πάτρας από τους ποταμούς Πείρο και Παραπείρο». Κατ΄αρχήν γίνεται σύντομη αναφορά στο θεσμό των ΜΠΕ, ειδική αναφορά στα θέματα που αντιμετωπίζει η ΜΠΕ του έργου κατασκευής των φραγμάτων στους ποταμούς Πείρο και Παραπείρο και ιστορική αναφορά στην εξέλιξη της πορείας του μέχρι σήμερα. Ακολουθεί η περιγραφή των προτεινόμενων έργων βάσει της ΜΠΕ και των τεχνικών χαρακτηριστικών τους. Παρουσιάζονται τα βασικα σημεία της ΜΠΕ, οι επιπτώσεις του έργου και τα μέτρα αντιμετώπισης τους κατά τη ΜΠΕ, καθώς επίσης οι μελέτες αποκατάστασης του περιβάλλοντος που απαιτούνται βάσει αυτής και ακολουθεί η περιγραφή της υφιστάμενης κατάστασης του φυσικού και ανθρωπογενούς περιβάλλοντος στην περιοχή μελέτης. Με την εργασία πεδίου και τις προσωπικές παρατηρήσεις στα πλαίσια της μελέτης μας, έγινε δυνατή η καταγραφή των αλλαγών και των μέτρων που λαμβάνονται, καταβλήθηκε προσπάθεια να μελετηθούν και αξιολογηθούν οι επιπτώσεις του έργου στο έδαφος, στους υδάτινους πόρους, στη χλωρίδα και πανίδα και γενικότερα αυτές που συντελούν στην οποιαδήποτε υποβάθμιση του οικοσυστήματος, τόσο στην περιοχή των έργων όσο και στα κατάντη, ii μέχρι την εκβολή των ποταμών, ενώ έγινε επίσης εφαρμογή του πλαισίου DPSIR. Για τη δική μας αξιολόγηση, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι ίδιοι παράγοντες με αυτούς της ΜΠΕ, ωστε να συγκριθεί με την αξιολόγηση της ΜΠΕ. Με τον τρόπο αυτό έγινε δυνατόν να εντοπιστούν και τονιστούν οι διαφορές που υπάρχουν μεταξύ τους. Η εφαρμογή του πλαισίου DPSIR έγινε για πρώτη φορά για τα φράγματα, με σκοπό την καλύτερη ανάλυση των επιμέρους παραγόντων που επιδρούν στα παρόχθια οικοσυστήματα καθώς και στην εκβολή των ποταμών, δημιουργώντας μια κατάσταση όπου η αρνητική τους επιρροή είναι εμφανής. Έγιναν επίσης συναντήσεις και συνεντεύξεις με αρμόδιους φορείς και κατοίκους της περιοχής, και παρουσιάζεται η άποψη τους για την κατασκευή και λειτουργία του έργου. Από τη διερεύνηση της εφαρμογής των περιβαλλοντικών όρων καταγράφονται αυτοί που δεν τηρήθηκαν και τέλος, προτείνονται μέτρα διαχείρισης για την σωστή και ολοκληρωμένη λύση των εντοπισμένων και αναμενόμενων προβλημάτων από την κατασκευή και λειτουργία του τεχνικού έργου. / Large dams have been often criticized for their adverse environmental and social impacts. The kind and severity of the impacts depend on the size and the construction materials, as well as the characteristics of the river and its hydrological basin. In order to cope with the environmental problems caused by the construction and operation of a dam, an Estimation of Environmental Impacts (EEI) is necessary, as for any civil engineering project, which is included in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) conducted before the project’s construction. The present study is an attempt to an integrated estimation and evaluation of the Environmental Impacts from the construction of the Valmadoura and Asteri dams in Peiros and Parapeiros rivers respectively and of their future operation. Additionally, a comparative evaluation of the impacts between the EIA and our own evaluation is attempted, as well as the examination of the Environmental Rules imposed from the Ministry of Environment to the supervising authority for construction and operation of the project "Water supply for Patras from the rivers Peiros and Parapeiros". Primarily, a short reference to the institution of EIA is given, together with a special reference to the problems related to the EIA of the project of the dams’ construction in the rivers Peiros and Parapeiros and to the long history of the progress of this project from its beginning till today. A description of the proposed works follows, according to the EIA and their technical characteristics. The main points of the EIA, are presented, the impacts of the project and measures of mitigating the impacts proposed in the EIA, as well as the assessments for environmental restoration according to the EIA. Finally, a description of the existing situation of natural and human environment in the study area is given. Fieldwork and our own observations in the frame of our study enabled us to record changes and measures taken; we also attempted to study and evaluate the environmental impacts of the project’s works on soil, water resources, flora and fauna and generally these impacts causing any ecosystem degradation in the project application area downwards to the river mouth, while the DPSIR framework was also applicated. iv In order to compare the evaluation of the EIA and our own evaluation, we used the same factors as in the EIA. Thus it became possible to identify and highlight the differences between them. The application of the DPSIR framework was done for the first time for dams, and it was necessary in order to achieve a better analysis of the factors affecting riparian ecosystems down to the river Meetings and interviews with local citizens and relevant authorities and institutions were also organized; their opinions and ideas about the construction and operation of the project are presented. By investigating the implementation of the Environmental Rules, we recorded those which were ignored or not implicated. Finally, new measures for proper management are proposed in order to achieve a right and integrated solution of problems already known or expected to emerge in the course of the construction and operation of the technical project.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-31T13:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CIBELLE MARA REZENDE FELINTO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 3852337 bytes, checksum: 70e2fd1ed39a58e0a5b5613b077460c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T13:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CIBELLE MARA REZENDE FELINTO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 3852337 bytes, checksum: 70e2fd1ed39a58e0a5b5613b077460c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / Capes / Nesse estudo objetivou-se identificar a sustentabilidade da utilização dos recursos hídricos para João Pessoa, capital do Estado da Paraíba e localizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Paraíba. Foram identificadas as principais forças motrizes, pressões, estado do meio ambiente e impacto sobre os recursos hídricos exercidos por essa cidade nas bacias em que ela está inserida, bem como as referidas medidas de respostas existentes e potenciais. A pesquisa utilizou-se do Sistema de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade Força Motriz-Pressão-Estado-Impacto-Resposta (FPEIR) para alcançar os seus objetivos. Após a montagem do modelo, foram selecionados 26 indicadores para representar a sustentabilidade das bacias, e alguns dos quais foram analisados em conjunto. Esses indicadores ajudaram a analisar a disponibilidade e a qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas da região estudada. A aplicação do modelo FPEIR mostrou que os mananciais das duas bacias que abastecem João Pessoa não estão sendo geridos sustentavelmente. Os resultados mostram que a população de João Pessoa exerce notável pressão sobre os recursos hídricos das bacias em estudo em ambos os aspectos: qualitativo e quantitativo. Evidencia-se, ainda, a necessidade de serem realizadas avaliações frequentes das condições de sustentabilidade das bacias hidrográficas envolvidas. Para isso, é necessário a atualização periódica dos dados referente às bacias, desenvolvendo estudos que possam auxiliar no planejamento integrado. / This study aimed to identify the sustainable use of the water resources to João Pessoa, the state capital of Paraíba, located in the basin of the river Paraíba. The main driving forces were identified, pressures, state of the environment and impact on the water resources held by this city in the basins in which it operates, as well as the measures of existing and potential responses. The research used the Sustainability Indicator System Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) to achieve their goals. After fitting the model, were selected 26 indicators to represent the sustainability of basins and indicators 26 have been identified, some of which were analyzed together. These indicators helped to analyze the availability and quality of the surface and groundwater in the region studied. The application of DPSIR model showed that the sources of the two basins that supply Joao Pessoa are not being managed sustainably. The results show that the population of Joao Pessoa exerts considerable pressure on the water resources in the basins studied in both aspects: qualitative and quantitative. It is evident also need to be carried out frequent assessments of the conditions of sustainability of watersheds involved. This requires periodic updating of data related to basins, developing studies that can assist in the integrated planning.