Orientador(a): Rejane Galvão Coutinho / Banca: Rosa Iavelberg / Banca: Valéria de Alencar Peixoto / Resumo: Este artigo propõe a observação de como o desenho de humor pode ser trabalhado em sala de aula com crianças e adolescentes visando o desenvolvimento simbólico e do desenho em si. O estudo tem como hipótese a incorporação da linguagem do humor gráfico ao ensino-aprendizagem do desenho a partir de propostas para pensar, elaborar e criar a partir de referências experimentadas através da apropriação do alfabeto gráfico por parte do aluno. A intenção é provocar a reflexão sobre o quanto o incentivo ao desenho, por meio de uma abordagem interacionista, possibilita e fomenta a prática desenhista numa fase de possível bloqueio do desenvolvimento gráfico do sujeito / Abstract: This article proposes the observation of how the humor drawing can be worked in the classroom with children and adolescents aiming at the symbolic development and the drawing itself. The study's hypothesis is the incorporation of the language of graphic humor into the teaching-learning of the drawing from proposals to think, elaborate and create from references experienced through the appropriation of the graphic alphabet by the student. The intention is to provoke reflection on how much the incentive to draw, through an interactionist approach, enables and encourages the designer practice in a phase of possible blocking of the person's graphic development / Mestre

The subject of this diploma thesis was geodetic survey of the object Strejcův sbor in Židlochovice and its following post processing, including making of building drawings and 3D model. In the introduction is the thesis informing about the object of interest and locality. Following chapters describes data collecting, its post processing and drawings and 3D model creating. The results are used as a documentation for purpose of reconstruction.

The Diploma thesis deals with the road bridge on tfe road 4951 across the D55 highway. Construction is proposed in three variants. The selected design was prestressed board length 67,65 meters, intended as a continuous beam. Calculation is performed by software SCIA. The construction is evaluated according to current standards.

STARKA Betongelement AB är ett privatägt företag med fokus på att tillverka prefabricerade betongelement. STARKA jobbar allt från projektering, tillverkning och montering av betongelement. Den process som framförallt studeras är deras projekteringsprocess, här planeras de olika elementen som ska tillverkas samt monteras. För tillverkningen samt montagen framställs ritningar som underlag för detta arbete, dessa ritningar består av detaljritningar. Framställningen av dessa detaljeringar är i dagsläget en tidskrävande process, därav är syftet av arbetet att kunna utveckla en effektivare arbetsmetod som kan både underlätta för konstruktörer samt minska den krävande arbetstiden. Under arbetet följs Design thinking processen som metod vid framtagning av lösningskonceptet. Metoden består av fyra grundläggande faser, med start att skapa förståelse för det problem som antagits. Vidare studeras området kring de problemet, genom olika litteraturstudier, observationer, intervjuer samt olika tester. Efter att ha format en bra grund, skapas olika idéer för hur problemet ska lösas. Slutligen implementeras det slutliga lösningskonceptet på verksamheten samt utvärderas. Resultat består av ett AutoLISP-program som samlar alla nödvändiga funktioner under ett program, för framtagning av detaljritningar till produktionen. De funktioner som förekommer i programmet är följande: måttsättning av detaljer, godsmåttsättning, snittlinje, armeringstext samt hitsymbol. Funktioner och dess specifikationer som används i programmet har identifierats genom intervjuer och observationer med konstruktörerna på STARKA. För montageritningar har två olika lösningar utvecklats, där den första angriper problemet som konstruktörer har vid framtagning av komplicerade detaljer. Detta uppnås genom att utnyttja konstruktionens 3D-modell för att generera de eftersträvade detaljritningar. Den andra lösningen har sitt fokus på att generalisera olika standarddetaljer samt eliminera överflödig information, så som yttermått. Detta skapar i sin tur en bättre förutsättning för fler generella detaljer som kan återanvändas i nya ritningar för att bespara arbetstid. Som slutsats för produktionsritningar, underlättas arbetet genom att programmet samlar alla nödvändiga funktioner. Eftersom funktionerna har sina förinsatta specifikationer, uppstår inget behov att konfigurera de i efterhand och insättningen blir korrekt från första steget. Konstruktörerna har funnit lösningen hjälpsam samt har förenklat deras arbete genom att effektivisera handpåläggning och korta ned arbetstid. Gällande montageritningar, anses användningen av 3D-modeller vara väldigt krävande för datorer, men ett bra hjälpmedel vid komplicerade detaljer. För de vanliga detaljerna underlättar det att kunna använda generaliserade standarddetaljer för att slippa skapa och redigera nya till varje projekt. / STARKA Betongelement AB is a privately owned company with a focus on manufacturing prefabricated concrete elements. STARKA works with everything from design, manufacturing to the assembly of concrete elements. The process that is mainly studied is their design process, here the different elements are planned to be manufactured and assembled. For the manufacture and assembly, drawings are produced as a basis for this work, these drawings consist of detailed drawings. The creation of these details is currently a time-consuming process; hence, this study aims to develop a more efficient working method that can both make it easier for designers and reduce demanding working hours. During the work, the design thinking process is followed as a method when developing the solution. The method consists of four primary phases, starting with understanding the problem that has been given. Furthermore, the area of the problem is studied, through various literature studies, observations, interviews and various tests. After forming a good foundation, different ideas are created to solve the problem. Finally, the final solution is implemented at the company and the implementation was evaluated. Results consist of an AutoLISP-program that consists of all the necessary functions under one program, to create the detailed drawings for production. The functions that appear in the program are as follows: measurement of details, in-cast goods measurement, cut line, reinforcement text and “hitsymbol”. Features and their specifications used in the program have been identified through interviews and observations with the engineers at STARKA. For assembly drawings, two different solutions have been developed, the first of which tackles engineers' problems in creating complicated details. This is achieved by utilizing the construction’s 3D-model to create the desired detailed drawings. The second solution focuses on generalizing different standard parts and eliminating excess information, such as external dimensions. This in turn creates a better prerequisite for more general details that can be reused in new drawings to save working time. s a conclusion for production drawings, the work is facilitated by the program consist of all the necessary functions. Since the features have their pre-inserted specifications, there is no need to configure them afterwards and the insertion becomes correct from the first step. The designers have found the solution helpful and have simplified their work by making “handpåläggning” more efficient and reducing working hours. “Handpåläggning” consist of the functions and methods that the engineers at STARKA use to finalize the drawings. Regarding assembly drawings, the use of 3D-models is considered to be very demanding on computers, but good assistance in complicated details. The standard details make it easier to use standard generalized details to avoid creating and editing new ones for each project.

Within the framework of this thesis, three studies are presented that investigated cultural similarities and differences of preschool aged children’s self- and family-drawings. The research was guided by the assumption that besides the basic structure of the drawing, specific drawing characteristics would vary cross-culturally, according to differences in cultural models and the associated understanding of self and others. Based on an ecocultural approach, families were systematically selected from diverse cultural contexts across and within national boundaries, representing three different cultural models: (1) the cultural model of psychological autonomy (characteristic for Western urban middle-class contexts), (2) the cultural model of hierarchical relatedness (representative for non-Western rural traditional contexts), and (3) mixed cultural models of autonomous relatedness (e.g., non-Western urban middle-class contexts, migration contexts). The participating children were of similar age, gender distribution, and had reached comparable structural levels of human figure drawings. Overall, the studies revealed three main findings. First, it could be confirmed that there are basic similarities in children’s graphic development. In line with previous reports, the studies demonstrated that the structural composition of the human figure as well as production principles did not differ significantly across cultures. Second, several content-based drawing features varied with cultural context and the associated cultural model. In particular, figure size, the facial depiction, and gender-specific characteristics could be linked to the culturally shaped understanding of self and others in the respective cultural context. Third, it was shown that the composition of children’s family-drawings corresponded to the structure of families in the particular cultural context, mainly with regard to number and position of family members, figure size- and gender-differentiation. The results are discussed with a focus on the role of general and culture-specific drawing characteristics in preschool aged children’s drawings of self and family. Based on these and former research findings, an integrative framework of children’s self- and family-drawings is proposed in order to shed light on the origin and relationship of the investigated drawing characteristics. Open research questions are pointed out, as well as limitations and practical implications of the study results.

Protein interaction data is being generated at unprecedented rates thanks to advancements made in high throughput techniques such as mass spectrometry and DNA microarrays. Biomedical researchers, operating under budgetary constraints, have found it difficult to scale their efforts to keep up with the ever-increasing amount of available data. They often lack the resources and manpower required to analyze the data using existing methodologies. These research deficiencies impede our ability to understand diseases, delay the advancement of clinical therapeutics, and ultimately costs lives. One of the most commonly used techniques to analyze protein interaction data is the construction and visualization of protein interaction networks. This research investigated the effectiveness and efficiency of novel domain-specific algorithms for visualizing protein interaction networks. The existing domain-agnostic algorithms were compared to the novel algorithms using several performance, aesthetic, and biological relevance metrics. The graph drawing algorithms proposed here introduced novel domain-specific forces to the existing force-directed graph drawing algorithms. The innovations include an attractive force and graph coarsening policy based on semantic similarity, and a novel graph refinement algorithm. These experiments have demonstrated that the novel graph drawing algorithms consistently produce more biologically meaningful layouts than the existing methods. Aggregated over the 480 tests performed, and quantified using the Biological Evaluation Percentage metric defined in the Methodology chapter, the novel graph drawing algorithms created layouts that are 237 percent more biologically meaningful than the next best algorithm. This improvement came at the cost of additional edge crossings and smaller minimum angles between adjacent edges, both of which are undesirable aesthetics. The aesthetic and performance tradeoffs are experimentally quantified in this study, and dozens of algorithmically generated graph drawings are presented to visually illustrate the benefits of the novel algorithms. The graph drawing algorithms proposed in this study will help biomedical researchers to more efficiently produce high quality interactive protein interaction network drawings for improved discovery and communication.

Construction drawings have gotten a lot more sophisticated through the years. Most companies today use Building Information Modeling (BIM) which is the process of creating a digital representation of physical places. These models save time and reduce the risk of errors during the construction process, but are time-consuming to create. Companies are therefore interested in improving this process using software solutions. Tekla Structures is a BIM-software that enables the creation of 3D-models. These models can in turn be used to generate a 2D-drawing using a built-in cloning algorithm. This method saves a considerable amount of time when creating construction drawings, but the algorithm does not perform well when used for more complex tasks.  This thesis is written in collaboration with the architecture and engineering consultancy Sweco. The study aims to analyse the feasibility of solutions for improving or replacing the Tekla Structures cloning algorithm. An elementary application is developed to answer the research question. During development methods such as architectural design and prototyping were employed as construction tools and used to identify constraints. In the later stages of development Human-computer interaction (HCI) guidelines are followed to create more user-friendly software. Tekla Open API has been used as an interface to interact with Tekla Structures, providing useful methods and classes. This study emphasises the complexity of creating these kinds of applications. While it is true that similar tools can and should be developed in the future, it is suggested that the focus should be on creating custom solutions using the built-in Tekla cloning algorithm.

This paper correlates with a Master of Fine Arts graduate thesis exhibition held at Slocumb Galleries in Ball Hall at East Tennessee State University March 21 through 25, 2011. The exhibition contains a mixed media body of work including prints, metal point drawings, and quilts. These works are an exploration showing the artist's voyeuristic studies through line, texture, form, pigment, and wax. This thesis goes into detail about how the artist came to create this group of art by discussing tools, printmaking processes, encaustic, metal point, and his influences.

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