Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-25T19:13:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2000 - Eva Aparecida de Souza.pdf: 524982 bytes, checksum: e193e5f67e0c9dafb75bc879a9949011 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T19:13:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2000 - Eva Aparecida de Souza.pdf: 524982 bytes, checksum: e193e5f67e0c9dafb75bc879a9949011 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-09-29 / Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrates for human food in the tropics, part of the staple food of about 500 million people, mainly in developing countries. The literature on cassava nitrogenous fertilization is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of levels and nitrogenous fertilizer sources on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in roots and aerial parts of cassava. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Itagua?/PESAGRO-Rio in Serop?dica, State of Rio de Janeiro, on a Red-Yellow Podzolic soil, in the period May 1999 to June 2000. The design of the field experiment was in randomized blocks with four repetitions, in a 3 x 5 factorial outline, made up of by three N sources (urea, nitrocalcium and ammonium sulphate) and five N levels (0, 60, 120, 180 and 200 kg N ha-1). Each plot had 64.0 m2 with 12 grooves, spaced at 1.0m. The planting was carried out on 28/05/1999 with cuttings of cultivar Saracura. The nitrogen levels were divided into two applications, the first half was applied planting and other half was applied 9 month later. Plants were harvested at 07, 11 and 13 months after planting and determined dry matter, total nitrogen, nitrate-N, amino-N, crude protein and soluble sugars in roots, leaves and stem. To 7 months after planting, urea showed higher total dry matter value. At 13 months, nitrocalcium and ammonium sulphate provided dry matter root yield 20 % higher than the urea. The N content in leaves was approximately 7 times bigger those the N root contents. The application of 30 kg N ha-1 resulted in increase of 11% in leaf N content. There was a cassava response to N application and can behave as a specie efficient responsive little. / A mandioca ? uma das principais fontes de carboidratos nos tr?picos, fazendo parte da alimenta??o b?sica de cerca de 500 milh?es pessoas, principalmente em pa?ses em desenvolvimento. Estudos com aduba??o nitrogenada em mandioca s?o escassos. O presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de fontes e n?veis de adubos nitrogenados sobre o ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e distribui??o de nitrog?nio nas ra?zes e parte a?rea da cultura da mandioca. O experimento foi instalado na Esta??o Experimental de Itagua? (PESAGRO-RJ), sobre um solo Podz?lico Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico, no periodo de maio de 1999 a junho de 2000. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 3 x 5 com quatro repeti??es. Foram avaliadas tr?s fontes de nitrog?nio: ur?ia, nitroc?lcio e sulfato de am?nio, combinadas em cinco n?veis de aplica??o de N: 0; 60; 120; 160 e 200 kg N ha-1. Cada parcela apresentou 64 m2 com 12 sulcos, espa?ados de 1,0 m. O plantio foi realizado em 28/05/1999, usando-se manivas da cultivar Saracura, obtidas de fonte comercial da regi?o produtora de Santa Cruz, munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. As doses de N foram aplicadas parceladamente, sendo metade por ocasi?o do plantio e a outra metade aos nove meses ap?s o plantio. Foram realizadas coletas de material vegetal aos sete, onze e aos treze meses ap?s plantio para determinar as seguintes vari?veis: massa seca, N-total, prote?na bruta, N-amino, N-nitrato e a??cares sol?veis de ra?zes, folhas e caule. Aos sete meses ap?s o plantio, a ureia apresentou maior valor de massa seca total. Aos 13 meses, nitroc?lcio e sulfato de am?nio proporcionaram rendimento de massa seca de raiz 20% superior ao da ur?ia. A aplica??o de 30 kg N ha-1 resultou em um aumento de 11% no teor de N em folhas. O teor de N em folhas foi aproximadamente sete vezes maior ao N da raiz. Durante o per?odo de crescimento da cultura, houve uma resposta da mesma ? aplica??o de N, podendo se comportar como uma esp?cie eficiente pouco responsiva.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:36:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Diss_Joao_Ricardo_Pompermaier_Ramella.pdf: 1265373 bytes, checksum: d030ec8cc5626a02dbb5f4a6cc94fed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the constant quest for sustainability of agriculture production systems, many studies are conducted with the objective of seeking alternatives to the problems generated by the use indiscriminate production systems. To present work aimed to study the effect on grain yield and forage in dual-purpose wheat cv BRS Tarumã under different managements related to nitrogen and number of cuts. The experiment was conducted in two trials during the period March 2011 to January 2012 red Eutrophyc Latossol area located at the experimental farm of Prof Dr. Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, city of Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design with 12 treatments obtained by combinations of the numbers of cuts and increasing doses of nitrogen in four replications. We studied the yield and yield components, as well as forage productivity and its chemical composition, noting that for all variables significant interaction of doses of nitrogen and the number of cuts. The grain yield and yield components were responsive to the levels of nitrogen topdressing, as well as forage production and quality / Na constante busca pela sustentabilidade dos sistemas produtivos agropecuários, diversas pesquisas são realizadas com o objetivo de buscar alternativas aos problemas gerados pelo uso indiscriminado dos sistemas de produção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos na produtividade de grãos e forragem em trigo de duplo propósito cv. BRS Tarumã sob diferentes manejos de cortes e adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de março de 2011 à janeiro de 2012 em área de Latossolo Vermelho Eutrófico localizada na fazenda experimental Prof. Dr. Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, cidade de Marechal Cândido Rondon PR. O ensaio foi conduzido sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 12 tratamentos obtidos pelas combinações do números de cortes e doses crescentes de nitrogênio em cobertura em quatro repetições. Foram estudadas a produtividade de grãos e seus componentes de rendimento, assim como a produtividade de forragem e sua composição bromatológica, observando que para todas as variáveis houve efeito da interação das doses de nitrogênio em cobertura e do número de cortes. A produtividade de grãos e seus componentes de rendimento foram responsivos aos níveis de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, assim como a produção de forragem e sua qualidade

Orientador: Danilo Domingues Millen / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a classificação das baias com base no consumo logo nas semanas iniciais do confinamento de machos castrados e novilhas, sobre o desempenho, e desenvolver modelos de predição da ingestão de matéria seca (IMS), procurando melhorar sua acurácia por meio da inclusão da fase de confinamento em que os animais se encontram. Isso possibilitaria a identificação de “baias problemas”, ou de desempenho superior, facilitando a tomada de decisão na gestão. Para isso foram utilizados dados de 3.650 baias de confinamentos comerciais dos USA (2.256 de machos castrados e 1.394 de novilhas), os quais foram confinados entre os anos de 2009 a 2014. Os dados de IMS e de energia líquida de ganho (ELg) médios do período de terminação foram ajustados de acordo com o peso vivo inicial e dias em alimentação (DEA) pelo PROC NLIN do SAS (2009) separadamente para machos castrados e novilhas. Tanto a IMS como a ingestão de ELg médias ajustadas do período de terminação foram correlacionados com a ingestão das semanas de 5 a 12 pelo PROC CORR, e de acordo com a semana de maior correlação as baias foram classificadas em quartis: Superior ¼, Alta ¼, Média ¼ e Baixa ¼ do maior para o menor consumo e avaliado o desempenho pelo PROC MIXED. Para o desenvolvimento dos modelos foi utilizado o PROC CORR para identificar a correlação de cada variável (PVI, IMS de 8 a 28 dias, sexo, IMS da semana anterior) com a IMS e ordenar a inclusão delas no modelo, e por meio do PROC MIXED foi t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Pasture-based dairies have become more prevalent in recent years due to a higher proportion of organic milk demand and production. Organic certification requires that animals must graze at least 120 days in each growing season. However, dry matter intake is often limited when dairy animals receive most of their herbage from pasture, resulting in lower animal performance and milk production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the complimentary effect of high energy grasses with birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) tannins to improve intake of dairy heifers. Jersey heifers were rotationally grazed for 105 days in 2017 and 2018 on eight different pasture treatments, which included monocultures of perennial ryegrass (PR), orchardgrass (OG), meadow bromegrass (MB), and tall fescue (TF), with each respective grass also planted in mixture with BFT. Intake was measured by sampling herbage before and after each seven-day grazing period and was from greatest to least as follows: MB+BFT, OG+BFT, OG, MB, PR+BFT, TF+BFT, PR, TF. Physical characteristics such as pasture bulk density, herbage height, herbage allowance, leaf pubescence, leaf softness, and birdsfoot trefoil content as well as nutritional properties such as fat, non-fibrous carbohydrates, fiber, and energy were all associated with intake. Crude protein and ash were also associated with intake. While PR+BFT did not have the greatest overall intake, it was the only treatment that consistently had greater intake than its respective grass monoculture (PR). Since it had more energy and tannins than all other grasses, a complimentary effect between energy and tannins to increase intake was likely. The fact that both physical and chemical herbage characteristics were associated with intake shows the importance of planting the right species in pasture as well as making proper management decisions to maximize nutritive value and herbage intake.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential plant nutrient, widely applied as N-fertilizer to improve yields of agriculturally important crops. An alternative to fertilizer use could be the exploitation of plant growth-promoting bacteria, capable of enhancing growth and yield of many plant species. Azospirillum and Gluconacetobacter are root colonizing, free-living, N2-fixing bacteria (diazotrophs) with the potential to transfer fixed N to associated plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of two diazotrophs, Azospirillum lipoferum and Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans, inoculated onto wheat. Physiological parameters and yield components were evaluated. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the survival of each diazotroph species on wheat seeds over time; 2) determine the survival of A. lipoferum and G. azotocaptans inoculated on wheat seed treated with a fungicide seed treatment, Dividend® XL RTA®; 3) determine if inoculation of wheat with the diazotrophs under controlled conditions causes an increase in dry matter, N2-fixation and N uptake; 4) determine if fertilizer N applied at three levels influences atmospheric N2-fixation by A. lipoferum or G. azotocaptans; 5) determine if inoculation of wheat with A. lipoferum or G. azotocaptans under field conditions causes any increase in dry matter, N2-fixation and N uptake; 6) determine if N-fertilization levels under field conditions influenced N2-fixation by A. lipoferum or G. azotocaptans. In order to meet these objectives lab, growth chamber, and field studies were completed. Laboratory investigations revealed that the decline in recovery of colony forming units (CFU) of G. azotocaptans was not significantly different (P<0.05) for any seed treatment. There was a general decrease in CFU over time regardless of seed treatment. Analysis of the recovered CFU of A. lipoferum over time showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between both the non-sterilized seed and the Dividend® XL RTA® treated seed when compared sterilized seed. Recovery of CFU on sterilized seed declined at a more rapid rate compared to the other two seed treatments. Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans and A. lipoferum were not negatively influenced by the Dividend® XL RTA® seed treatment. Also, both diazotrophs were able to compete with other microorganisms that may have been on the seed coat of unsterilized seeds. Azospirillum lipoferum and G. azotocaptans were able to fix atmospheric N, but, there were no significant (P<0.05) differences between the diazotroph species. Additions of fertilizer N enhanced N2-fixation, in both the growth chamber and field studies. As the amount of fertilizer N increased, so did the %Ndfa and N uptake. In the growth chamber study, inoculated wheat, and fertilized with 12.2 and 24.5 µg N g-1 had the highest %Ndfa of 25.5%, and wheat fertilized with 24 µg N g-1 had the highest N uptake (1.3 g pot-1) at maturity. In the field study, inoculated wheat fertilized with of 80 kg N ha-1 had significantly higher (P<0.05) %Ndfa (10.5%) compared to wheat grown with the other fertilizer levels, which also corresponded to the highest N uptake in wheat plants (47 kg ha-1). The diazotrophs also affected the partitioning of N in the wheat plants differently. Wheat inoculated with A. lipoferum had significantly higher (P<0.05) amounts of N accumulated in heads of plants, and wheat inoculated with G. azotocaptans had significantly higher (P<0.05) amounts of N accumulated in stems of plants. However, this trend was not evident in the field study.

Storage of biomass is often associated with problems such as heat development, drymatter losses and reduction of fuel quality. The rise in temperature can potentiallycause a risk of self-ignition in the fuel storage. Moreover, emissions from storage pilescan cause health problems in the surrounding. The dry matter losses and reduction offuel quality can have economical effects. The aim of this thesis project is to developguidelines on how to store large amount of biomass at Vattenfalls heat and powerplants in an optimal way. Storage trials at Idbäckens CHP were done in order to studythe effect of storage on fuel quality, dry matter losses and temperature development.Two storage trials were performed over six weeks with waste wood chips and stemwood chips stored in about 4.5 m high outdoor piles. A trial over four days in whichwaste wood chips was placed on a heated surface was evaluated. A study to test thepossibility of using waste heat to dry waste wood chips was performed.Small but not negligible dry matter losses were observed in both of the piles of storedmaterial. The largest weekly losses were found during the first week of storage and adeclining behavior could thereafter be seen. The accumulated losses during six weeksof storage were 2.0 % and 1.7 % respectively, for waste wood and stem wood. Storageduring six weeks of waste wood and newly chipped stem wood did not cause anymajor deterioration of the fuel quality as such, beside the substance losses.No drying effect could be seen in the heated surface trial. The surface became warm,about 50°C, but it was not sufficient to dry the chips. The conclusion is that it is notpossible to dry large amount of chips on a heated surface with the design used hereand during four days.The overall conclusion is that in order to minimize the dry matter losses the materialshould be handled according to the LIFO (last in first out) principle. Wheneverpossible, try to purchase fuel that has been stored for a while since the more easilydegraded compounds has already been degraded through microbial activity. There is apossibility that the largest losses has already occurred. Furthermore, try also tocomminute the material (reduce the particle size) at the plant and as close in time tocombustion as possible.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Orientador: Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Conceição Aparecida Cossa / Resumo: A Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson é uma importante espécie medicinal de uso popular conhecida como erva cidreira brasileira. Trata-se de um arbusto, cujas folhas frescas ou secas e inflorescências são utilizadas na forma de chás, macerados, compressas, pomadas, banhos e extratos alcoólicos. Suas folhas apresentam ação antiespasmódica, moluscicida, fungicida, calmante e digestiva. Considerando, a) a inexistência de estudos sobre a L. alba em hidroponia b) a utilização de solução nutritiva para atender as necessidades da espécie, fornecendo nutrientes de maneira balanceada e possibilitando a produção de plantas com adequada qualidade e em menor espaço de tempo, c) a necessidade de produção de matéria prima para uso medicinal popular e farmacêutico, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento e as trocas gasosas de L. alba submetida à variação das concentrações dos nutrientes a partir da diluição da solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon (1950). Assim, as plantas foram cultivadas em quatro tratamentos, constituídos pela variação de nutrientes na solução nutritiva n°2 de Hoagland e Arnon (1950), ou seja, em solução completa (100%) e diluída à 80%, 60% e 40% em relação à completa. As variáveis avaliadas foram área foliar, massas secas dos diferentes órgãos, razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), razão de massa foliar (RMF), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação de CO2 (A, mmolCO2 m-2 s-1), condutância estomática (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiração (E, mmol H2O m-2 s-1), concentração intercelular de CO2 na folha (Ci, mmolCO2 mol-1ar) e eficiência de uso da água (EUA). Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: 1. As concentrações dos nutrientes na solução nutritiva, de maneira geral, foram excessivas para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson is a native species popular known as "erva-cidreira brasileira". It is a shrub who's fresh or dried leaves and flowers are used as teas, macerated, bandages, ointments, baths and alcoholic extracts. Its leaves have an antispasmodic, molluscicidal, fungicidal, sedative and digestive. Considering a) the lack of studies about L. alba in hydroponic cultivation b) the use of nutrient solution to meet the needs of the species, providing nutrients in a balanced manner and enabling the production of plants with adequate quality and in shortest time, c) the need for production of raw materials for folk medical and pharmacist, the present study evaluate the development and gas exchange of L. alba subjected to varying concentrations of nutrients from the dilution of Hoagland and Arnon (1950). Thus, plants were grown in four treatments, consisting by variation of nutrients in the nutrient solution No 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950), full solution (100%), diluted to 80%, 60% and 40% compared to the full. Variables evaluated were leaf area, dry masses of different organs, leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), absolute growth rate (AGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), rate relative growth (RGR), rate of CO2 assimilation (A, molCO2 m m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiration (E, mmol H2O m-2 s -1), intercellular CO2 concentration in the leaf (Ci, molCO2 m mol-1AR) and efficiency of water use (USA). The results showed that: 1. The concentrations of nutrients in the nutrient solution, in general, were excessive for the development and gas exchange of Lippia alba, 2. The cultivation of the species with a dilute solution of 80% resulted in higher total dry matter in the shortest time possible, which, however, was highest among the various treatments, 3. Diluted solutions at 60 and 40% ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-16T13:14:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KátiaTLL_DISSERT.pdf: 805960 bytes, checksum: 7a77076eaccd692a619d926c4395a939 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T13:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KátiaTLL_DISSERT.pdf: 805960 bytes, checksum: 7a77076eaccd692a619d926c4395a939 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective was to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter, and physicochemical parameters of the rumen fluid of sheep fed with bagasse pseudofruit cashew dehydrated replacing sorghum silage. Were used four crossbred sheep of Santa Inês x Morada Nova, fistulated in the rumen with na average weight of 30 ± 0.5 kg. Experimental tests were composed of four treatments, representing increasing levels of substitution of (BPCD) in sorghum silage, consisting of the levels of 0%, 8%, 16% and 24%, based on natural matter. We evaluated the potential degradability (PD) and effective (ED) of dry matter and the physical and chemical characteristics of rumen fluid (pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, methylene blue reduction time, flotation and sedimentation time, color, smell and consistency). The experimental design was a Latin square 4x4, with four substitution levels and four collection periods of rumen fluid after feeding, and the data submitted to analysis of variance and regression testing. The pH did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05). The temperature there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) on the basis of replacement levels of assessed BPCD, however, differed in terms of collection times. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) presented significant difference (P <0.05); (P <0.01) according to the replacement levels BPCD and the rumen fluid sampling times after feeding. The methylene blue reduction time and flotation and sedimentation time significant differences (P <0.05); (P <0.01). The physical characteristics of rumen fluid were within the normal patterns. The potential degradability of dry matter with the addition of 24% of the cashew bagasse, has obtained value near of sorghum silage with 0% of cashew bagasse. The effective degradability of dry matter increased with the addition of BPCD, reaching higher values in the level of 24%. Results showed that the substitution of bagasse pseudofruit cashew dehydrated in sorghum silage did not affect the rumen environment, with potential degradability of dry matter silage next to the pure and higher effective degradability and can be used in up to 24% in diets for sheep / Objetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade da matéria seca e as características físicoquímicas do ambiente ruminal de ovinos alimentados com bagaço do pseudofruto do caju desidratado em substituição a silagem de sorgo. Foram utilizados quatro ovinos mestiços de Santa Inês x Morada Nova fistulados no rúmen, com peso médio de 30 ± 0,5 kg. Os ensaios experimentais foram compostos por quatro níveis de substituição do bagaço do pseudofruto do caju desidratado (BPCD) na silagem do sorgo, constituído pelos níveis de 0%, 8%, 16% e 24%, com base na matéria natural. Foram avaliados a degradabilidade potencial (DP) e efetiva (DE) da matéria seca e as características físico-químicas do líquido ruminal (pH, temperatura, nitrogênio amoniacal, tempo de redução do azul de metileno, tempo de sedimentação e flotação, cor, odor e consistência). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4x4, com quatro níveis de substituição do BPCD e quatro períodos de coleta do líquido ruminal após a alimentação, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e teste de regressão. O pH não apresentou diferença entre os níveis de substituição (P>0,05). A temperatura não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) em função dos níveis de substituição do BPCD avaliados, no entanto, diferiu em função dos tempos de coleta. O nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) apresentou diferença significativa (P<0,05); (P<0,01) em função dos níveis de substituição do BPCD e dos tempos de coletas do líquido ruminal após a alimentação. O tempo de redução do azul de metileno e o tempo de sedimentação e flotação apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05); (P<0,01). As características físicas do líquido ruminal se mostraram dentro dos padrões normais. A degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca com a substituição de 24% do bagaço de caju desidratado, obteve valor próximo ao da silagem de sorgo com 0% de bagaço de caju. A degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca aumentou com o acréscimo do BPCD, atingindo valores superiores no nível de 24%. Os resultados demostraram que a substituição do bagaço do pseudofruto de caju desidratado na silagem de sorgo não comprometeu o ambiente ruminal, apresentando degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca próxima à da silagem de sorgo pura e degradabilidade efetiva superior, podendo ser utilizado em até 24% em dietas para ovinos / 2017-03-14

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and compare production of biomass and dry matter of silage corn hybrids with different time of earliness - Ronaldinio (Z 240/S 250), Agro Vitallo (Z 270/S 280) and Balasco (Z 370/S 380). This experiment was realized on a field near České Budějovice ( 400 m.a.s.l.) and the resuls were compared to results of a pilot plant experiment realised by KWS OSIVA s.r.o. in ZOD Podhradí Choustník ( 562 m.a.s.l.). All startings of phonological phases were studied according to BBCH-scale in the course of vegetation period. Samples were taken before the harvest to test for contents of dry matter in biomass. They were used to determine the optimal harvest period. These parametres were observed during the harvest : plant height, biomass yield, dry matter of biomass, corncobs yield, share of corncobs, dry matter of corncobs, dry matter yield. The resuls showed succesful use of corn hybrids with higher FAO number (Balasco) in areas of less favourable conditions. Corn is one of the plants very dependent on the course of the year.