Centrum för Teknik i Medicin och Hälsa deltar i ett projekt som heter Innovation mot Infektion som arbetar med att hitta nya lösningar för att minska vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI). Omkring tio procent av inlagda patienter drabbas av VRI i Sverige. Studier hävdar att bristfällig handhygien är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till smittspridning. Hur väl produkterna på sjukhus fungerar för vårdpersonalen påverkar hur väl handhygienen sköts. Genom att utvärdera de produkter som används idag kan det underlätta för vårdpersonalen att hålla en god handhygien. Med en analys om vilka produkter som finns på marknaden och om vad forskningen fokuserar på kan värdefull information fås inför upphandlingar. Det kan leda till minskad smittspridning i vårdlokaler. Examensarbetet utförde en användaranalys, på Hematologiskt Centrum i Huddinge tillhörande Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, där produkter för vårdpersonalens handhygien undersöktes. Där uppmärksammades det att undersökningshandskar är ett problem. Därför uppdaterades en kravspecifikation för undersökningshandskar samt för dess förpackningar och väggmonterade ställning. Dessutom togs en användarguide för undersökningshandskar fram med syftet att fungera som ett förtydligande komplement till Karolinska Universitetssjukhusets material. En marknadsundersökning av produkter som främjar god handhygien utfördes samt en kartläggning av vilka trender och områden som kommer komma i framtiden på marknaden. Detta gjordes med syftet att validera produkternas effektivitet för att se om det finns eller kommer utvecklas bättre produkter än de som Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset redan använder eller känner till. En produktutveckling applicerades med syftet att minska kontamineringen av förpackningen och dess undersökningshandskar samt för att minska resursslöseri som uppstår när undersökningshandskar tas ur dess förpackning. Detta resulterade i en virtuell produkt av en väggmonterad ställning för förpackningarna som möjliggör att ta undersökningshandskar styckvis och som kan minska smittspridningen via undersökningshandskar. Sökord: handhygien, sjukhus, användaranalys, produkter, undersökningshandskar, produktutveckling / Centrum for Technology in Medicine and Health work in a project called Innovation against Infections whose task is to find new solutions to decrease healthcare associated infections (HAI). About ten per cent of the hospitalized patients in Sweden are affected by HAI. Studies claim that inadequate hand hygiene is one of the most common causes to contamination. How well the products at hospitals work for the healthcare staff affects their compliance of hand hygiene. By evaluating their products that they are using today can make it easier for the staff to uphold good hand hygiene. To analyse which products that are on the market and to analyse what research is focusing on, valuable information to procurements can be achieved. That can lead to decreased contamination in healthcare facilities. The thesis implemented a user analysis, at the Hematology Center in Huddinge associated to Karolinska University Hospital, where products for hand hygiene used by healthcare personnel were investigated. The result showed that examination gloves are a problem. Therefore, an update of the requirement specifications was made for examination gloves, and for its packaging and wall-mounted box holder. Moreover, a user guide for examination gloves was produced with the aim to serve as a clarification complement to other information by the Karolinska University Hospital. A market research of products that promote good hand hygiene was performed. The project also conducted a mapping of the trends and areas that will come in the future. The purpose was to validate the effectiveness of these products to see if there is or will come more suitable products than the ones Karolinska University Hospital is using today or is aware of. A product development was applied with the intention to solve the contamination of the packaging and the including examination gloves and decrease the waste of resources that occurs when examination gloves are extracted out of its box. The result was a virtual product of a wallmounted box holder that enables the examination gloves to be extracted individually and that can reduce the contamination when using examination gloves. Keyword: hand hygiene, hospital, user analysis, products, examination gloves, product development

Die Leistungsmessung in mündlichen Prüfungen wird in der Regel von subjektiven Faktoren bestimmt und ist oft gekennzeichnet durch Intransparenz und Ungleichbehandlung. Der Artikel zeigt auf, wie Vergleichbarkeit, Transparenz und Fairness in mündlichen Prüfungen durch eine Systematisierung des Prüfungsablaufs sowie die Erstellung eines objektiven Bewertungsrasters realisiert werden können.

Till följd av den snabba spridningen av coronaviruset, Covid-19, beslutade Uppsala universitet att all utbildning och examination skulle utföras på distans. Det fattades ett snabbt beslut om detta som trädde i kraft omgående. Beslutet tvingade lektorer och kursansvariga att omvandla sina kurser till ett digitalt format och examinera sina studenter med tillgängliga digitala verktyg såsom Zoom, Inspera, Studentportalen och Canvas. I den här uppsatsen undersöks hur en institution på universitetet anpassat examinationer utifrån det tvingande kravet om social distansering. Även styrkor och svagheter i digitaliseringsprocessen belyses. I studien undersöks detta genom att skapa en heltäckande bild av en digital verksamhet, ett digitalt klargörande, baserat på ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av nio dimensioner av en digitaliserad verksamhet. Datainsamling har skett dels genom dokumentanalys hämtad från universitets hemsida, dels genom intervjuer med intressenter som är involverade i att digitalisera examination och studenter. Det digitala klargörande visar en komplett bild av verksamheten, som därefter analyseras utifrån intervjuerna och teorier om viktiga faktorer för digitala examinationer. Den huvudsakliga upptäckten är att digitaliseringen på många sätt har fungerat bättre än förväntat, men att den inte varit perfekt. Det är bland annat av vikt att redan från början strukturera och planera kursinnehåll och examination för att det ska fungera väl i ett digitalt format. Detta var dock något som inte var möjligt i den uppkomna situationen, eftersom det finns lagar som begränsar ett sådant förfarande. Dessutom hade kursernas innehåll bestämts innan de digitaliserades och de kunde därmed inte ändras. Utöver detta står det klart att kommunikationen till framförallt studenterna om beslut och riktlinjer hade kunnat varit bättre. Sammanfattningsvis anpassade sig dock Uppsala universitet mycket snabbt till en extrem situation med digitala examinationer och kan sannolikt dra lärdom av och göra förbättringar som gör det möjligt att applicera detta på utbildningar framgent när universitetet öppnar som vanligt.

BACKGROUND: The effects of pro-inflammatory diets, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), on periodontal disease among Americans have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study examines whether the DII is associated with periodontitis in U.S. adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009-2014. In particular, it evaluates whether an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern is associated with lower prevalence of periodontitis in NHANES and lower severity of periodontitis. METHODS: Dietary Inflammatory Index score was derived from taking the mean of two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The sample population included 7,480 subjects (3,628 men and 3,852 women), who were 30-80 years old from all racial/ethnic groups. The exclusion criteria were incomplete or missing data regarding clinical periodontal and dental examinations. In addition, participants were also excluded who had diabetes, cancer, pregnancy or breastfeeding status, unreliable dietary information, or elevated alcohol intake. The DII score was classified as Low DII/anti-inflammatory (DII: -5.16≤DII≤0.54) and High DII/pro-inflammatory (DII: 0.54<DII≤4.82). Outcome was measured using case definitions of periodontitis and classified as mild, moderate, severe, and total periodontitis. The prevalence for each was calculated in the overall sample population and sex-specific subgroups. Logistic regression models were used to calculate crude ORs (and 95% CI) for the presence of total periodontitis. Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for age, sex, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Chi-square test was used to calculate the ORs for mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. RESULTS: The prevalence of total periodontitis among subjects with Low DII is 42% and the prevalence of total periodontitis among subjects with High DII is 47.5%. The prevalence of total periodontitis among men with Low DII is 49.8%, while the prevalence of total periodontitis among men with High DII is 57.7%. The prevalence is 32.1% and 41.4% for women with Low DII and High DII, respectively. Based on adjusted logistic regression models, consuming a diet that scores High DII results in 35% increased risk of total periodontitis; for men the risk is 25% and for women 44%. Based on the subtype analysis, consuming a diet that scores High DII results in a statistically significant 21% increased risk of moderated periodontitis and 48% increased risk of severe periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: Pro-inflammatory diet (High DII) is associated with higher prevalence of moderate, severe, and total periodontitis in both men and women. The prevalence of mild periodontitis is higher among women adhering to High DII, but not among men. The overall cohort has increased odds of having moderate, severe, and total periodontitis when consuming pro-inflammatory foods and nutrients, with women being at greater risk for total periodontitis. Subjects whose diet was pro-inflammatory had statistically-significant increased risk of having moderate or severe periodontitis, but not mild.

Title: Swimming level of applicants for the study at FTVS UK Objectives: The aim of this theses is to evaluate the swimming level of applicants for studies of physical education at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports at Charles University in the years 2008-2019. The survey will be conducted on the basis of the average times achieved and the average score of the candidates. Furthermore, we will probe the differences in the swimming level of men and women and in the choice of the swimming style. Methods: In this theses, methods of analysis and synthesis were used for data processing. Furthermore, there were used survey data analysis, statistical methods and comparison method for comparing partial results. Results: The results of the survey showed that the swimming level of applicants for studies at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports at Charles University did not change significantly in the years 2008-2019. Men achieved average times ranging from 01:28,7-01:32,2 and women 01:40,6-01:45,6. The changes were not remarkable, so it is not possible to consider these fluctuations in the swimming level as significant in the overall evaluation. A slight increase in the swimming level occurred in the last year of the survey, but there was a significant decrease in number of applicants...

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The aim of this thesis is to ascertain whether and to what extent English language lessons at Czech secondary schools are affected by the so-called washback effect related to the final leaving examination ("maturita"), and to attempt to define how this potential negative impact may be minimized. The washback effect phenomenon occurs when a (language) course is concluded by a final examination, and describes how such an examination influences the actual curriculum, the instruction as such, and all the participants. Applied linguistics offers a number of both theoretical and empirical studies conducted worldwide which focus on the particular aspects of the washback effect occurring during language examinations. This thesis strives to follow up on the findings of these empirical studies and apply them to the current centralised Czech form of the English "maturita" examination. The thesis was initially inspired by students' observations during English lessons at a Czech grammar school, which were a part of pedagogical education at the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University. After establishing the focus of the paper, preliminary research in the form of semi- structured interviews with four students in the final grades at Prague grammar schools was conducted. While this pre-research study allowed only...

It has been well documented that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) lead to unfavorable outcomes in later life, especially with regard to health and psychological outcomes. Recent research has demonstrated the impact of early childhood adversity on the onset of aggression and illegal behavior. However, often those with mental illness diagnoses with comorbid behavioral problems exhibit trajectories that include both arrest and hospitalization. While some are arrested for their criminal behavior, others are hospitalized. This begs the question: are those with mental illness and behavioral problems more likely to be arrested, or hospitalized, for their early behavioral problems? In the current study, it was hypothesized that arrest precedes hospitalization for the majority of these offenders, and that specific diagnoses of a mental illness are related to outcome. It was also hypothesized that early exposure to environmental adversity, as measured by the age of earliest ACE and total ACE score, would impact whether offenders were arrested or hospitalized first. The data for this study were gathered from comprised sample of 182 adult psychiatric inpatients in a secure forensic facility. Data were archival and retrospective in nature. All participants had been hospitalized following acts of violence or aggression, exhibiting a history of both behavioral problems as well as mental illness. A series of logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between reason for first admission to a psychiatric facility, diagnosis of a mental disorder, and early childhood adversity to clarify whether early problematic behaviors resulted in initial arrest or psychiatric hospitalization. Results indicate that subjects were much more likely to be hospitalized initially than arrested (33.5% arrested first, 66.5% hospitalized first). A diagnosis of impulse control disorder was significantly related to whether initial incident led to arrest or hospitalization (p=0.030), while the diagnosis Page 54 2016 Appalachian Student Research Forum of ADHD neared significance (p=0.056). No significant relationship was found between incidence of initial arrest or hospitalization and age that drug/alcohol abuse began. Other findings and implications for future research will be discussed.

Though the current understanding of language processing is incomplete, it has been established that the left hemisphere is dominant for language in the majority of the population. Damage to language centers of the brain and to white matter tracts connecting these language centers results in a language deficit known as aphasia. Neuroplasticity in the brain can often compensate for these language deficits by strengthening neuronal connections between the right and left hemisphere, or by enhancing the neuronal connectivity of undamaged areas in the left hemisphere. Thus the brain can compensate for damaged language centers by using alternative cortical areas. These compensatory language areas may be homologous areas of the right hemisphere, or other undamaged portions of the left hemisphere. Various imaging techniques have been used to demonstrate this phenomenon. The current neuroimaging technique known as quantitative electroencephalographic brain imaging allows investigators to evaluate the functional anatomical location of language processing. When this mapping is overlaid on a magnetic resonance image, investigators are able to locate areas in the brain of the participant that are electrically activated during elicited speech tasks. This method was used in a single case study to examine the brain of an individual with a unique traumatic brain injury in which the anterior portion of the individual's left temporal lobe was surgically removed and considerable recovery of language subsequently occurred. The stimulus for the quantitative electroencephalography included identifying syntactically incorrect sentences. Imaging results from the participant with traumatic brain injury were compared to imaging results obtained from an age-matched control. Differences in quantitative electroencephalography between the two participants included a delayed P1-N1-P2 response and an absent P600 in the participant with traumatic brain injury. Behavioral results include an increased number of incorrect responses from the participant with traumatic brain injury as compared to the control participant. These results imply an interesting cortical distribution of language processing that could be further assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka patienters kunskap om parodontala sjukdomarnas prevalens, etiologi och behandling samt om patienterna är medvetna om sina egna parodontala tillstånd, och hur väl deras uppfattning överensstämmer med professionens bedömning. Material och metod: Totalt inkluderades 72 patienter som kom för basundersökning på Tandvårdshögskolan. Patienterna fyllde i enkäter med frågor om parodontala sjukdomars prevalens, etiologi och behandling samt om deras egna uppfattning om sin munhälsa i relation till deras parodontal sjukdom. På motsvarade sätt fyllde de undersökande tandläkarna (professionen) i enkäter om patienternas munhälsa i relation till patienternas parodontal sjukdom. Enkätsvaren sammanställdes och analyserades i syfte att studera patienternas kunskap om parodontit samt deras överensstämmelse med professionen. Resultat: Uttalade kunskapsbrister fanns bland både sjuka och friska patienter gällande parodontala sjukdomars prevalens, etiologi och behandling. Det var enbart en tredjedel av de parodontalt sjuka patienterna som var medvetna om sin sjukdom. Patienter som var medvetna om sin parodontit verkade visa även bättre medvetenhet gällande sin munhygien, risk att förlora tänder samt behandlingskrav i jämförelse med de som inte var medvetna om sin parodontit. Slutsats: Det finns ingen större skillnad mellan friska och sjuka gällande kunskap om parodontala sjukdomar. De parodontalt sjuka patienternas medvetenhet om sin sjukdom var överlag bristfällig. Patienter som inte är medvetna om sin parodontit verkar ha sämre förståelse för sin munhygien, sin risk att förlora tänder samt sitt behandlingsbehov. Framtida forskning är nödvändig för att få ett mer tillförlitligt och representativt resultat. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine patients´ knowledge about prevalence, etiology and treatment of periodontal diseases. Another aim was to examine whether the patients were aware of their periodontitis, and how well the patients´ and dentists´ perception of the patients´ periodontitis occurred. Material and method: A total of 72 patients who came for a clinical examination at Tandvårdshögskolan were included. The patients answered questionnaires about prevalence, etiology and treatment of periodontal diseases as well as their own oral health in relation to periodontitis. Similarly, the examining dentists (the profession) answered questions about the patients´ oral health in relation to periodontitis. The data was compiled and analyzed. Results: Severe knowledge deficits among both healthy patients and patients with periodontitis were found regarding prevalence, etiology and treatment of periodontal diseases. Only one third of the patients with periodontitis were aware of their disease. Those patients also seem to show better awareness regarding their oral hygiene, risk for tooth loss and treatment need compared to patients not aware of their periodontitis. Conclusion: There is no major differences in knowledge regarding periodontal diseases between healthy patients and patients with periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis had a poor awareness of their own disease. Patients not aware of their periodontitis seem to have more severe knowledge deficits regarding their oral hygiene, risk of tooth loss and treatment need. However, future research is necessary to obtain more reliable and representative results.