O presente estudo investiga o processo de construção de saberes dos estudantes de Pedagogia em relação à Matemática e seu ensino durante a formação inicial. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de cunho analítico-descritivo e longitudinal, que foi realizada no período 2007-2010, com alunos do curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP, em Presidente Prudente, região oeste do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa envolveu a utilização de questionário, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e aplicação de casos de ensino. Todos estes instrumentos de coleta de dados tiveram como objetivo captar as visões dos sujeitos sobre a relação com a Matemática e seu ensino no decorrer do curso de Pedagogia. Os resultados foram analisados a partir de quadro de referência sobre os saberes docentes e mostram as alterações de visões dos sujeitos durante a formação inicial. Os sujeitos, a partir da reflexão sobre suas experiências vivenciadas como alunos na educação básica, vão resignificando seus saberes em relação à Matemática e seu ensino, por meio da influência das diferentes disciplinas estudadas no curso. As mudanças mais significativas percebidas foram em relação ao receio e a visão distorcida que os sujeitos diziam ter em relação ao conhecimento matemático. Ao final do curso, eles afirmam que mesmo não tendo domínio completo de alguns conteúdos, tal relação melhorou e se dizem mais seguros e preparados para ensinar conceitos matemáticos nos anos iniciais. / This research investigates the process of building of knowledges of students of Pedagogy in relation to Mathematics and its teaching during the course of initial formation. It is a qualitative research, analytical-descriptive and longitudinal, which was held in the period 2007-2010, with students of Pedagogy of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP, in Presidente Prudente, West region of State of São Paulo. The methodology of this research involved the use of questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and application do teaching cases. All these data collection instruments had intended to capture the views of the subjects about the relation with Mathematics and its teaching during the course of Pedagogy. The results were analyzed from a frame of reference about teachers knowledges and show the changes of visions of the subjects during the initial formation. The subjects, from reflection on their experiences as students in basic education, rebuild their knowledges in relation to Mathematics and its teaching, through the influence of different disciplines studied on the course. The most significant changes were perceived in relation to the fears and biased view that the subjetcs claimed in relation to the mathematical knowledge. At the end of the course, they claim that even they dont having complete domain of some mathematical concepts, the relationship with the mathematical knowledge has improved and they feel reassured to teach such knowledge in the early years.

A docência é uma construção permanente e única. Os caminhos são diversos e percorridos pelo professor em parceria com suas práticas, com os alunos, com as outras pessoas, com o mundo. Num movimento reflexivo, tendo a humildade e a curiosidade como princípios, o professor (re)elabora suas concepções e ações, reconfigurando seus modos de ensinar e aprender. Alicerçado nesses pressupostos, o estudo pretendeu, através dos conteúdos da Geografia escolar, oportunizar momentos de interação e aprendizagem entre as crianças-alunos, e destes com a professora-pesquisadora. Os participantes foram os alunos da quinta série “B”, Ensino Fundamental, do Colégio Evangélico Alberto Torres (CEAT), localizado no bairro Centro, em Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho nesta série é desenvolvido a partir de áreas do conhecimento, e eu fui a professora do componente curricular Estudos Geográficos e Históricos, no qual se inserem o estudo da Geografia e da História. O objetivo do estudo foi refletir e agir com as concepções epistemológicas constituídas a partir das propostas didáticas de Geografia e minha atuação docente. O caminho metodológico da pesquisa iniciou com revisão da literatura e, a partir do plano de estudos de Estudos Geográficos proposto pela escola e dos referenciais teóricos da Geografia e da Educação, foram criadas propostas didáticas, algumas delas oriundas da interação com as crianças durante as aulas. Os dados coletados na pesquisa de campo desenvolvida durante o ano letivo de 2016 foram agrupados em um diário de pesquisa, composto por anotações de comentários das crianças, fotografias, imagens de trabalhos, trechos de atividades realizadas pelos alunos e registros escritos de observações da professora sobre as aulas. Na narrativa dessa pesquisa, esses materiais foram agrupados em experiências, compondo as unidades de análise relacionadas aos pressupostos teóricos da Educação, do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, da infância e da ciência geográfica. O estudo reafirmou a importância da reflexão sobre a prática e do papel do professor na busca de uma interação que faça diferença junto aos alunos. A 5ª série “B” do CEAT, interagindo e aprendendo com as propostas didáticas de Geografia, ensinou-me, (re)afirmando concepções epistemológicas. A pesquisa reafirmou a importância de planejar atividades que façam sentido, estejam alicerçadas por objetivos coerentes, estimulem o uso de variadas linguagens e de diferentes recursos. As aulas podem ser momentos de alegria, em que o afeto dá sustentação aos conteúdos e aos momentos de aprendizagem, em que o diálogo é essencial na construção de um ambiente coletivo. Ultrapassar os limites espaciais da sala de aula e da escola, através de vivências com saídas de campo e visitas, é oportunidade única para (geo)grafar a si, o Outro, as diferenças, a vida. As crianças me ensinam a olhar mais, escutar mais, sentir mais e a (re)criar-me na docência. / Teaching is a permanent and unique construction. There are many different paths the teacher can follow, having the practice, the students, the other people and the world as partners. In a reflective movement, having humility and curiosity as principles, the teacher reworks his actions and conceptions, reconfiguring his ways of learning and teaching. Based on these assumptions, the study intended, through the contents of school geography, to allow for moments of interaction and learning between the children/students and the researcher teacher. The participants were from the fifth grade of elementary school (group B), at Alberto Torres School, in Lajeado, RS. The students in this grade learn through the knowledge areas. And I was the Geographical and Historical Studies teacher, in which is included Geography and History. The study objective was reflecting on the epistemological conceptions constituted with the Geography teaching proposals and my teaching performance. The methodological path of research started with a literature revision and, from the Geographical syllabus proposed by the school and the theoretical references of Geography and Education, we created teaching proposals, some of them coming out of interaction with the children during the classes. The data collected during the field research that happened during the school year of 2016 were registered in a research diary composed of children comments, photographs, works images, parts of students activities and registers of teacher’s observations during the classes. In this research’s narrative, the material was compiled in experiences, composing the units of analysis that were related to the theoretical assumptions of education, the teaching and learning process, childhood and the geographical science. The study reaffirmed the importance of reflection on practice and the teacher’s role in search of interaction that makes the difference with the students. The fifth grade, group “B” at CEAT, interacting and learning with the Geography teaching proposals, taught me, reaffirming epistemological conceptions. The research reaffirmed the importance of planning meaningful activities, based on coherent objectives, stimulating the use of different kinds of languages and different resources. The classes can be moments of happiness, in which the affection supports the contents and learning moments, in which the dialogue is essential in building a collective environment. Overcoming the spatial limits of the classroom and the school through experiences as field trips and visits, is an unique opportunity for “geographizing” yourself, the Other, differences, life. Children teach me how to look more, listen more, feel more and (re) create myself in teaching.

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This study intends to investigate Greek preschool teachers' perspectives about play in the schoolyard. Ten preschool teachers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview approach to gather data. Results were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The themes that were brought up revealed that Greek preschool teachers value play in the schoolyard. This study found that the teachers think there is a relation between play in the schoolyard and learning since they believe playing outside is a type of experiential learning. Moreover, they think that this relation can be more potent if teachers get involved more by organizing activities, and if the sense of place is increased to students. Furthermore, the Greek preschool teachers agree that play in the schoolyard has only positive effects on children's wellbeing. The barriers to facilitate outdoor play appear to be the schoolyard since they describe it as unsafe, empty, without any green elements, and missing pedagogical corners. Considering the Greek educational context that predominantly focus on the traditional inside the classroom teaching, the possitve attitudes that the preschool teachers showed for outdoor play are remarkable. These attitudes are a little step for further implementation of outdoor play in preschool education.

I detta examensarbete presenteras en jämförelse av läroplaner i England och Sverige för barn upp till fem års ålder. Denna jämförelse görs för att kunna se skillnader mellan de olika läroplanernas innehåll för att besvara frågorna; Hur skiljer sig innehållet mellan Englands och Sveriges läroplan för barn i förskoleålder? Leder skillnaderna i läroplanernas innehåll till att de har olika läroplanskoder? Examensarbetet inleds med en genomgång av läroplansteori och en presentation av hur Englands Early Years Foundation Stage framework och Sveriges Läroplan för förskolan 2018 växt fram. Läroplanerna har studerats sida vid sida och texten kategoriserats efter innehåll, de tre kategorierna som presenteras är; värdegrund, mål och utvärdering. Det kategoriserade materialet analyseras sedan med hjälp av teorin om läroplanskod. Resultatet visar på hur Sverige har en starkare anknytning till moralisk läroplanskod medan Englands läroplan passar mer in i en rationell läroplanskod. Arbetet avslutas med en diskussion om hur jämförelsen av dessa två läroplaner passar in i ett större perspektiv och om det finns anledning att tro att Sverige är på väg mot en läroplan som mer liknar den engelska.

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of the teacher portfolio as an evaluation of professional development in Utah's new teacher licensing--the Early Year's Enhancement (EYE) program. This study explored teacher perceptions of the value of the portfolio. Results of the study identified the perceived value of teacher portfolios related to: (a) accuracy as an evaluation tool, (b) usefulness with respect to teacher professional growth, (c) feasibility with regard to teacher time, and (d) appropriateness related to the effect of portfolios on teaching practices. It also identified the relationship of the teacher's perceived value and the required district portfolio format, teaching assignment, age of teacher, number of years teaching, district employed by, district training in portfolio development, and district use of the portfolio. Using a mixed method survey design, data were collected from the new teachers who had completed the EYE evaluation in the 40 school districts of Utah during the 4 years since its implementation. Teacher surveys developed by Tucker, Stronge, and Gareis were adapted, delivered electronically, and utilized to provide both quantitative and qualitative data. Telephone interviews with the district EYE contact provided additional information for the study. The results of the study indicated that new teachers perceived the EYE portfolio as minimally effective as an accurate, useful, feasible, and appropriate tool for measuring professional development. A relationship was found in the teacher's assignment, age, district, portfolio training level, and the district's use of the portfolio and their perception of value. Teachers identified self-reflection as an important advantage and the time requirement as a critical disadvantage of the portfolio process.

Although the orchestral works and operas of Richard Strauss (1864–1949) haveachieved universal acclaim, his piano music remains largely unexamined on a scholarly level. Even though Strauss’s array of piano music is diverse, it has not been thoroughly studied in its full spectrum. In fact, there is no major work in English that addresses his piano legacy. This monograph presents Strauss’s piano solo oeuvre by analyzing his stylistic features, sources of inspiration, and development as a composer. Combining all his piano works into a single analytical assessment will provide access to Richard Strauss’s musical world and shine a spotlight on this significant but neglected area of his output. Moreover, the composer’s 12 Variations in D major, TrV 68 (1878) is included and discussed in the monograph for the first time, since they have never appeared in print. It will be a valuable resource for performers and scholars, who can rediscover his music. / Music Performance

Yes / Early interventions are recognised as key to improving life chances for children and reducing inequalities in health and well-being, however there is a paucity of high quality research into the effectiveness of interventions to address childhood health and development outcomes. Planning and implementing standalone RCTs for multiple, individual interventions would be slow, cumbersome and expensive. This paper describes the protocol for an innovative experimental birth cohort: Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) that will simultaneously evaluate the impact of multiple early life interventions using efficient study designs. Better Start Bradford (BSB) has been allocated £49 million from the Big Lottery Fund to implement 22 interventions to improve outcomes for children aged 0–3 in three key areas: social and emotional development; communication and language development; and nutrition and obesity. The interventions will be implemented in three deprived and ethnically diverse inner city areas of Bradford. Method: The BiBBS study aims to recruit 5000 babies, their mothers and their mothers’ partners over 5 years from January 2016-December 2020. Demographic and socioeconomic information, physical and mental health, lifestyle factors and biological samples will be collected during pregnancy. Parents and children will be linked to their routine health and local authority (including education) data throughout the children’s lives. Their participation in BSB interventions will also be tracked. BiBBS will test interventions using the Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) approach and other quasi-experimental designs where TwiCs are neither feasible nor ethical, to evaluate these early life interventions. The effects of single interventions, and the cumulative effects of stacked (multiple) interventions on health and social outcomes during the critical early years will be measured. Discussion: The focus of the BiBBS cohort is on intervention impact rather than observation. As far as we are aware BiBBS is the world’s first such experimental birth cohort study. While some risk factors for adverse health and social outcomes are increasingly well described, the solutions to tackling them remain elusive. The novel design of BiBBS can contribute much needed evidence to inform policy makers and practitioners about effective approaches to improve health and well-being for future generations. / Big Lottery

This research explores parent-teacher consultations in a range of early years settings. Data were collected from eighteen audio-recorded parent-teacher consultations from six different settings and from follow up interviews with parents and teachers. The data related to the consultations and participants’ direct experience of these and revealed the practices of power within these consultations. Using a Foucauldian approach to analysis, the exercise of power and its impact on the parent-teacher relationship was explored. The analysis revealed the ways in which surveillance, normalising judgements and the ‘examination’ of all involved in the reporting process to parents, constitutes an exercise of power. Within the consultation parents, teachers and children are positioned as subjects who are homogenised and judged accordingly. Conversely, the presentation of observations and assessment information leads to the individualisation of children, allowing classifications and comparisons to be made in relation to a particular set of ‘truths’ about what it is to be a child, a parent and a teacher. Throughout the consultations parents and teachers assert and defend their positions and in doing so, attempts at resistance are evident. The findings of the research open up new possibilities for challenging existing modes of practice in parent-teacher consultations. These include implications for initial teacher education and CPD programmes, in order to develop awareness of the way in which power is exercised through parent-teacher interactions and the effects it can have. The need for policy makers to take greater account of the exercise of power when developing policies in relation to partnership with parents, and indeed in evaluating the impact of existing policy is also identified.