Submitted by Mirian Albert Pires (mirianalbert@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-26T17:23:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial - O caso Mariana - Tese - Mirian - Final.pdf: 2700004 bytes, checksum: 478a9b4de7ac44c898648f186318d969 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-07-30T18:56:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial - O caso Mariana - Tese - Mirian - Final.pdf: 2700004 bytes, checksum: 478a9b4de7ac44c898648f186318d969 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T14:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial - O caso Mariana - Tese - Mirian - Final.pdf: 2700004 bytes, checksum: 478a9b4de7ac44c898648f186318d969 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-27 / Esse trabalho investigou o tema Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial, a partir de um estudo de caso relativo ao desastre ambiental causado pela Samarco Mineração S.A. ao município de Mariana-MG, que impactou todas as cidades localizadas na região dos rios Gualaxo do Norte, do Carmo e Doce. Diante dessas considerações, apresentou como objetivo geral o propósito de constatar se a identificação social com a Samarco Mineração S.A., que surge em função dos benefícios econômicos proporcionados por ela a alguns municípios, reduz a atribuição de culpa dessa empresa e a intenção punitiva de um evento de irresponsabilidade social, além de gerar impacto para demais atribuições e sentimentos que possam surgir nos indivíduos-alvo da investigação. Alguns modelos teóricos forneceram subsídios para a testagem de dois modelos empíricos que foram testados e possibilitaram alcançar esse objetivo. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, adotando a técnica do estudo de caso, aplicando um questionário com 1616 moradores de cinco cidades afetadas pelo desastre, coletado presencialmente na sua maior parte. Os dados de cada cidade foram analisados com o uso da modelagem de equações estruturais, com auxílio do software Stata versão 14, e posteriormente os resultados de cada cidade foram comparados entre si. Com relação a esses resultados, o modelo relacionando os benefícios econômicos e a Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial, ajustado com base nas sugestões do modification indices, gerou resultados estatísticos com um bom ajuste considerando os indicadores apresentados. Como conclusão desse modelo, foi possível constatar que os benefícios para a economia local afetaram negativamente a intenção punitiva dos moradores das cidades de Anchieta-ES, Guarapari-ES e Mariana-MG, cidades essas que eram beneficiadas economicamente pela Samarco Mineração S.A. Além disso, foi identificado por intermédio desse modelo que, para as cidades de Anchieta-ES, Colatina-ES, Guarapari-ES, Linhares-ES e Mariana-MG, a severidade/gravidade do evento afetou positivamente a atribuição de culpa à empresa; e a intenção punitiva afetou positivamente a intenção de fazer comentários negativos à mineradora. Quanto ao modelo dos sentimentos negativos relacionados à Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial, que também foi ajustado com base nas sugestões do modification indices, os resultados estatísticos evidenciaram um bom ajuste de acordo com os indicadores apurados. Como conclusão desse segundo modelo, foi verificado que a ganância afetou positivamente a percepção de falta de integridade da empresa, que, por sua vez afetou de forma positiva a sensação de ultraje moral, que, na sequência, gerou efeito positivo sobre os comentários negativos dos indivíduos pesquisados. Houve uma contribuição no sentido de evidenciar os processos da sociedade que contribuem para a existência e manutenção da Irresponsabilidade Social Empresarial. Foram apresentadas as discussões para esses resultados, bem como as contribuições teóricas, metodológicas e práticas do estudo, além da proposição de uma agenda futura de pesquisas relacionadas ao tema irresponsabilidade social empresarial. / This study explores the issue of Corporate Social Irresponsibility, using a case study on the environmental disaster caused by Samarco Mineração SA in the municipality of Mariana-MG, which impacted all cities located in the region of the rivers Gualaxo do Norte, Carmo and Doce. The main objective was to determine whether the social identification of the affected population with Samarco Mineração SA – built based on the economic benefits of the company for the municipalities in the region – reduces the blame attribution and the punitive intention towards the company because of the event of social irresponsibility. And to see whether this social identification impacts on other attributions and feelings that may be observed in the population targeted in the study. Some theoretical models supported the testing of two empirical models that were applied and contributed to achieve the study’s objective. As for the methodology, it is a quantitative study using a case study and applying a questionnaire with 1,616 inhabitants of five cities affected by the disaster, collected mostly in person. The data in each city were analyzed using structured equation modeling processed through the software Stata 14. The results for each of the cities were then compared. Regarding the results, the model relating the economic benefits and the Corporate Social Irresponsibility (adjusted based on the suggestions of the modification indices), generated statistical results with a good adjustment considering the indicators presented. The conclusion, considering this first model, is that the benefits to the local economy negatively affected the punitive intention of the residents of the municipalities of Anchieta-ES, Guarapari-ES and Mariana-MG, benefited economically by Samarco Mineração SA. In addition, it was possible to observe that, for the cities Anchieta-ES, Colatina-ES, Guarapari-ES, Linhares-ES and Mariana-MG, the severity of the event positively affected the blame attribution towards the company; and the punitive intention positively affected the intention of making negative comments to the mining company. As for the model of negative feelings related to Corporate Social Irresponsibility, which was also adjusted based on the suggestions of the modification indices, the statistical results showed a good adjustment according to the indicators presented. The conclusion, considering this second model, is that the perception of greed on the part of the company positively affected the perception around its lack of integrity, which in turn positively affected the feeling of moral outrage, and had a positive effect on the negative comments of the participants. It was possible to highlight the processes of society that contribute to the existence and maintenance of Corporate Social Irresponsibility. The results are discussed considering theoretical, methodological and practical contributions of the study and an agenda for future research is proposed in order to explore the issue of corporate social irresponsibility.

Institute for Rural Development / MRDV

MSCAGR (Agricultural Economics) / Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness / ABSTRACT This study was carried out to determine how members of households perceive economic benefits of production and marketing of Moringa in the Thulamela Local Municipality. The study adopted the snowball sampling procedure to identify the population of members of households who produce and market Moringa. Simple random sampling procedure was adopted to select 146 participants from the identified population. The Cross tabulations and Probit regression model were used as the analytical tools for this study. The results of the study revealed amongst others, that majority of members of households who were producing Moringa had no access to Moringa markets, and most of them were aware of the economic benefits of Moringa. The statistical significant variables which influenced the perceptions of members of households regarding economic benefits of production and marketing of Moringa were level of education (p < 0.01), Moringa farming experience (p < 0.05), access to market (p < 0.05), as well as the access to information (p < 0.05) about the production and the demand of Moringa produce. The study concluded that majority of respondents perceived that the production and marketing of Moringa would help to achieve sustainable livelihood for people living in Thulamela Local Municipality, while others were of the view that Moringa has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security and foster rural development. The study recommended that establishment of Moringa markets, formation of Moringa cooperatives and promotional campaigns to educate members of households about the economic benefits of Moringa should be enhanced. / NRF

El hotelería es uno de los sectores con mayor impacto en su entorno. La responsabilidad social corporativa es importante no solo para la sociedad en su conjunto, sino también para las empresas ya que, su aplicación contribuye al desarrollo de ventajas competitivas. Sin embargo, muchos hoteles no la practican, ya sea por desconocimiento de los beneficios que se derivan de aplicarlas o por pensar que puede generar mayores costos. Bajo este contexto, esta investigación pretende informar sobre los beneficios de aplicar acciones de responsabilidad social corporativa en hoteles de 3, 4 y 5 estrellas. Específicamente, se basará en tres tipos de beneficios. Primero, los beneficios económicos, ya que el retorno financiero es de los factores con más relevancia para los gestores hoteleros. Luego, los beneficios en la relación con los clientes y en la relación con los empleados, puesto que son de los stakeholders con mayor influencia en el desempeño de la empresa. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de la literatura con un enfoque integrador sobre los beneficios que aporta la responsabilidad social corporativa a establecimientos del sector hotelero. Los resultados revelan que incorporar acciones de responsabilidad social corporativa en hoteles de 3, 4 y 5 estrellas, tiene un impacto positivo en el desempeño económico, en la relación con los clientes y con los empleados. Estas acciones favorecen a que los hoteles operen de manera más eficiente y puedan reducir costos, además permiten que tanto los clientes como los empleados sean más leales con la organización. / The hotel industry is one of the sectors with the greatest impact on its environment. Corporate social responsibility is important not only for society as a whole, but also for companies since its application contributes to the development of competitive advantages. However, many hotels do not practice it, either due to ignorance of the benefits derived from applying them or because they think that it can generate higher costs. In this context, this research aims to inform on the benefits of applying corporate social responsibility activities in 3, 4 and 5-star hotels. Specifically, it will be based on three types of benefits. First, the economic benefits, since the financial return is one of the most relevant factors for hotel managers. Then, the benefits in the relationship with customers and in the relationship with employees, since they are among the stakeholders with the greatest influence on the performance of the company. To do this, a literature review was carried out with an integrative approach on the benefits that corporate social responsibility brings to establishments in the hotel sector. The results reveal that incorporating corporate social responsibility activities in 3, 4 and 5-star hotels has a positive impact on economic performance, in the relationship with customers and with employees. These actions help hotels to operate more efficiently and reduce costs, as well as allowing both customers and employees to be more loyal to the organization. / Trabajo de investigación

This qualification work consist of 123 pages, 30 pictures, 13 tables, 61 references and 2 appendixes. Object – Additive manufacturing in metallurgy. Subject – Organizational, technical and economic relations arising in the manufacturing processes of products based on additive technologies. The main purpose is developing of recommendations for involving the additive technologies taken into account business processes’ changes and production activities’ reflections of economic models. Research objectives: 1 Studying the influence of additive technologies on economic development in Russia and abroad. Identifying the main application branches of manufacturing. 2 Determination the current trends in additive technologies’ progress. Characterization the main processes and specifications. 3 Creating strategic elements for implementing the additive technologies, making aspects of business processes and functional economic models. Scientific novelty lies in the forming the upgraded supply chain at the areas of internal and external environment, and working-out universal business model of companies’ activities in the case of involving the additive technologies. Investment projects were calculating for comparison between the SLM and EBM technologies. Indicators of investment attractiveness of these technologies are presented. A method has been developed that allows to assess the ability of companies to introduce additive technologies, which has an advisory nature. / Выпускная квалификационная работа магистранта содержит 123 с, 30 рис., 13 табл., 61 библиографический источник, 2 приложения. Объект исследования – аддитивные технологии в металлургии. Предмет исследования – организационно-технические и экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе изготовления изделий на основе аддитивных технологий. Целью диссертационной работы является разработка рекомендаций по внедрению аддитивных технологий в металлургическое производство с учетом изменений в бизнес-процессах и экономических моделях, отражающих производственную деятельность предприятий. Цель обусловила ряд следующих задач: 1 Изучить влияние аддитивных технологий на экономическое развитие в России и за рубежом, обозначить основные перспективы их применения в различных отраслях экономики. 2 Определить современные тенденции развития аддитивных технологий в металлургии, охарактеризовать основные технологические процессы и их параметры. 3 Разработать элементы стратегии внедрения аддитивных технологий с учетом изменения в бизнес-процессах и экономических моделях функционирования организаций. Дано описание процессов аддитивного производства. За основу были взяты наиболее изученные технологии – процессы SLM и EBM, применительно к производству изделий из сплава Ti-6Al-4V и его отечественного аналога, сплава ВТ6. Приведены аспекты влияния аддитивных технологий на изменения в цепочках поставок и бизнес-моделях функционирования организации. Произведены расчеты инвестиционных проектов представленных технологий аддитивного производства. Представлен механизм оценки возможности организации к внедрению аддитивных технологий, имеющий рекомендательный характер.

Today, sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 75% of the world population without access to electricity which corresponds to over 500 million people. One strategy to reduce this number and provide access to electricity for more people, is to install mini-grids. The installment of those is currently in progress in Kenya, and this study put focus on the socio-economic benefits families’ experiences when connecting to a mini-grid. By using a literature review to get a socio-technical perspective, and a case study to investigate the situation in the rural communities of Kenya, several findings were discovered. Some benefits identified are that people felt more included in the society by getting access to information (with radio or TV), a possibility to raise the household income (by starting a business using electricity), and a more favorable study environment at home (thanks to electric lights). This, (among other findings), were visualized using personas, to represent the inhabitants in the counties of interest. Lastly, a discussion about sustainable development is included to explain what it means on a bigger scale if households are electrified. / Idag lever 75 % av världens befolkning utan tillgång till elektricitet is subsahariska Afrika, vilket motsvarar över 500 miljoner människor. En strategi för att ge fler tillgång till elektricitet är att installera så kallade mini-grids. Flera projekt där sådana installeras finns i Kenya och denna studie har som mål att undersöka de socio-ekonomiska effekter som uppkommer när familjer ute på landsbygden börjar använda dessa småskaliga energidistribueringsstationer. En litteraturstudie gjordes för att få ett socio-tekniskt perspektiv på dessa system och efter det gjordes en fallstudie för att få en uppfattning om hur situationen med elektrifiering på landsbygden ser ut just nu. Resultatet blev att vissa av de familjer som valde att ansluta sig till ett fristående elnät kände sig mer inkluderade i samhället, eftersom de nu kan få information genom radio eller TV. Dessutom har de bättre möjligheter att höja sin inkomst genom att starta ett mikro-företag tack vare elektriciteten. En ytterligare upptäckt var att de som behöver studera hemifrån får lättare att göra just det tack vare elektrisk belysning inomhus. Dessa fördelar (bland andra) visualiserades med hjälp av personas, vilket är en grupp fiktiva karaktärer som representerar invånarna i de kommuner som var inkluderade i studien. Slutligen diskuterades relationen mellan de socio-ekonomiska fördelarna och en hållbar utveckling för att sätta fingret på hur samhällen kan bli mer hållbara, om tillgång till pålitlig eldistribution finns för invånarna.

The Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) is home to the largest tuna fishery stock in the world. However, Pacific Island members of the Western and Central Pacific Tuna Commission (WCPTC) argue that their share of the economic rent from the tuna catches taken out of the Pacific region is very small, being on average only about 6% of the total net benefit, when compared to the share earned by Distant Water Fishing Nations (DWFNs). Kiribati is one of the Pacific Island Countries (PICs), which relies heavily on its fishery for its economic development and sustainability. Kiribati earns 40% - 50 % of its government revenue from fisheries access fees paid by DWFNs for tuna caught in the the Kiribati EEZ. The Government of Kiribati (GoK) believes that Kiribati could get greater benefit if they develop their own domestic tuna fishery. This study uses Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and SWOT Analysis to investigate whether domestication of the tuna fishery is the right move for Kiribati or not. The CBA reported in this thesis adapted a model developed by Campbell (2004) to investigate and evaluate fisheries policy in Papua New Guinea (PNG). However the model in this thesis is reflective of the situation and case of Kiribati. In analyzing the different options identified in this study, the CBA indicated negative (-) NPV(s) for the medium-sized vessel option and positive (+) NPV(s) for the large-sized vessel option. The SWOT analysis however, complemented the CBA by further investigating the tuna domestication options in the economic, social and business and business environment of Kiribati. The SWOT analysis indicated that the existing situation and business conditions in Kiribati appears to favor the small to medium sized vessel options which are less risky than the large purse seine vessel option.

The thesis concentrates on the International Standard ISO 10014 - Quality management -Guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits. In the thesis management principles and the simply methodology called PDCA are described. The thesis is focused on the priniple of process approach and nutually beneficial supplier relationship. These methods according to the Standard are applicated: Drum-Buffer-Rope within process approach and the graphical method of supplier rating, the zone control charts and the comprehensive supplier performance evaluation. The benefits from the effective application of these methods and tools are described.

Through a comparative case study of the European identity in Spain and Italy, the thesis aims to gain a better understanding of the formation of a European identity and the factors that explain variations in the degree of European identity between individual member states. As the degree of European identity differs between member states which in other respects are relatively similar, Spain and Italy are studied as two cases with different outcomes to investigate what might explain their different degrees of European identity. The empirical comparison is based on four hypotheses derived from previous research examining the relationships between the following independent variables and European identity; cognitive mobilization, Euroscepticism, political trust and economic benefits. The systematic comparison of explanatory factors between Spain and Italy finds that the existence of Euroscepticism, economic benefits and higher education leads to a higher degree of European identity. Explanatory factors from previous research are partly confirmed and partly non-confirmed and the thesis illustrates that established relationships that explain differences at the aggregated EU level do not explain differences between individual countries to the same extent. The study finds that differences at the Member State level partly explain variations in European identity, but concludes that further studies at the individual level are needed to understand the formation of the individual European identity. / Genom en jämförande fallstudie av den europeiska identiteten i Spanien och Italien ämnar uppsatsen få en bättre förståelse för formandet av en europeisk identitet och vilka faktorer som förklarar variationer i grad av europeisk identitet mellan enskilda medlemsländer.. Baserat på tidigare forsknings konstaterande om att det finns skillnader i europeisk identitet mellan relativt lika EU-medlemsländer, studeras Spanien och Italien som två fall med olika utfall för att undersöka vad som kan förklara skillnaden mellan dem. Den empiriska jämförelsen utgår ifrån fyra hypoteser härledda från tidigare forskning som undersöker sambandet mellan följande oberoende variabler och europeisk identitet; kognitiv mobilisering, euroskepticism, politisk tillit och ekonomiska fördelar. Resultaten från den systematiska jämförelsen av förklaringsfaktorer mellan Spanien och Italien finner stöd för att förekomsten av euroskepticism, ekonomiska fördelar samt högre utbildning leder till en högre grad av europeisk identitet. Uppsatsen delvis bekräftar och delvis bekräftar inte förklaringsfaktorer från tidigare forskning och illustrerar att etablerade samband som förklarar skillnader på den aggregerade EU-nivån inte i samma utsträckning förklarar skillnader mellan enskilda länder. Undersökningen konstaterar att skillnader på medlemsstatsnivå till viss del förklarar variationer i europeisk identitet, men att fortsatta studier på individnivå krävs för att förstå formandet av enskilda individers europeiska identitet.