Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-190).

The technology used in the development of web-applications is evolving at such rate that it has become more and more important to keep web-applications modern. If an application is based on a technical platform that is not renewed, the platform may over time develop into an obstacle in further development of the application. There may be compatibility issues and some of the code may be unnecessary due to abstraction, and therefore more time consuming to work with. Sometimes the reason may be that an application has been built to run, and is running on an application server that is no longer being maintained. The system can be large and modernization can cost a lot. In the study conducted and written about in the report, the task is to look at what possibilities there are to cost-effectively perform such a modernization. In the study two general modernization methods are identified, which define two different approaches that are studied. The different modernization approaches are tested in modernization of a web-based Java application to see advantages and disadvantages. The study results in two solutions, one more costly but that can have some benefits and another more cost-effective but that can be more short-sighted. / Utvecklingen går i rasande fart när det handlar om teknik och verktyg inom webb. Underhålls och förnyas inte den tekniska plattform en applikation bygger på, så kan den med tiden bli ett hinder i en framtida utveckling av produkten. Det kan vara kompatibilitetsproblem, eller att äldre tekniker används som är tidsödande och som idag har abstraherats bort. Orsaken kan vara att en applikation är utvecklad att köras på en viss applikationsserver som inte längre utvecklas, vilket kan ha hindrat applikationen från att följa med i utvecklingen. Om systemet då är stort kan en modernisering kosta mycket. I rapporten beskrivs en undersökning som har till uppgift att titta närmare på vad det finns för möjlighet att kostnadseffektivt utföra en sådan modernisering. Undersökningen i rapporten identifierar två generella moderniseringsmetoder som definierar två olika moderinseringsapproacher. Dessa används i två moderniseringsförsök på en webbaserad Java-applikation med mål att se fördelar och nackdelar. Undersökningen resulterar i två lösningar där en är mer kostsam men fullständigare, och en är snabbare men som i vissa fall kan vara kortsiktig.

COBOL is an old programming language that, despite its age, is still used in many different areas, such as financial and insurance administration. The Swedish Companies Registration Office, also known as Bolagsverket is no exception. This agency administers information regarding Swedish companies and associations. Although the COBOL programs work, they have many disadvantages. The system is both expensive, inflexible and there are very few new developers available. Bolagsverket would therefore gladly replace COBOL with a more flexible and affordable alternative. This thesis will study and present some solutions and also provide actual examples of how they can be used. Two different products have been studied; Oracle SALT and Micro Focus Visual COBOL. SALT offers a web service interface, which enables the users to access services related to the COBOL programs remotely via the Internet or other networks. Visual COBOL, on the other hand, compiles the code into low-level code and deploys it onto new platforms. Both products can make the use of the code in a more flexible manner. Visual COBOL has, however, more substantial and long-term functionality that Bolagsverket is very interested in pursuing, even though it costs five times as much as SALT. One other main reason is that the second product can drastically reduce the gap between the COBOL programs and the surrounding systems. It is even possible to save money since some components can be reduced or even completely removed. The final conclusion is that neither of the programs offers any pure replacement with regards to COBOL, but they have made the language much more adapted to twenty-first century computer systems. They are therefore considered as a good option instead of rewriting the entire COBOL code into a new language. / COBOL är ett gammalt programmeringsspråk som trots sin ålder fortfarande används inom många olika områden, såsom administration inom finans- och försäkringsbranschen. Bolagsverket i Sverige är inget undantag. Den här myndigheten hanterar information rörande de företag och föreningar som finns i Sverige. Även om COBOL-programmen fungerar som det ska finns det många nackdelar. Det är dyrt, inte särskilt medgörligt och dessutom finns det få nya utvecklare att tillgå. Bolagsverket skulle därför gärna vilja byta ut programmen mot något mer flexibelt och prisvärt alternativ. Det här examensarbetet kommer presentera några aktuella lösningar. Kodexempel kommer också att skapas för att visa hur detta kan användas i praktiken. Två olika produkter kommer att behandlas i rapporten; Oracle SALT och Micro Focus Visual COBOL. SALT erbjuder ett gränssnitt för webtjänster. Det möjliggör att användarna kan komma åt tjänster knutna till COBOL programmen, fast på distans, via exempelvis Internet eller något annat nätverk. Visual COBOL har i sin tur en helt annan lösning, nämligen kompilering av COBOL till ett lågnivåspråk som går att använda på flera nya plattformar. Både produkterna erbjuder stora möjligheter i att göra COBOL mer flexibelt. Visual COBOL har däremot mer omfattande och långsiktiga funktioner som Bolagsverket kan tänkas gå vidare med, trots att det kostar fem gånger så mycket som SALT. En annan fördel med Visual COBOL är att flera delar av arkitekturen kan komma att användas mindre, eller till och med avvecklas helt, och kan således även sänka kostnaderna. Slutsatserna som kan dras är att ingen av produkterna byter ut COBOL helt, däremot kan de göra det gamla programmeringsspråket mer anpassat för 2000-talets moderna datorsystem. De betraktas därmed som fullt dugliga alternativ istället för en total omskrivning av COBOL-koden till ett annat språk.

Den digitala tidsåldern förändrar samhället. Ny teknik ger möjligheter att framställa och organisera kunskap på nya sätt. Tekniken som finns i skolan i dag, kan även utnyttjas till att optimera lästräningen till elever med lässvårigheter. Denna avhandling undersöker hur ett digitalt läromedel för läsinlärning för barn med lässvårigheter kan designas och implementeras, och visar att detta är möjligt att genomföra. Ett digitalt läromedel av bra kvalitet måste utgå ifrån en vetenskapligt vedertagen läsinlärningsmetod. Denna avhandling utgår ifrån Gunnel Wendicks modell, som redan används av många specialpedagoger. Modellen används dock i sin ursprungsform, med papperslistor med ord, utan datorer, surfplattor eller liknande. Vi analyserar Wendick-modellen, och tillämpar den på ett kreativt sätt för att designa en digital motsvarighet till det ursprungliga arbetssättet. Vårt mål är att skapa ett digitalt läromedel som implementerar Wendick-modellen, och på så sätt göra det möjligt att modellen används på olika smarta enheter. Med detta hoppas vi kunna underlätta arbetet både för specialpedagoger och barn med lässvårigheter, samt göra rutinerna mer tilltalande och kreativa. I vår studie undersöker vi olika tekniska möjligheter för att implementera Wendick-modellen. Vi väljer att skapa en prototyp av en webbapplikation, med passande funktionalitet för både administratörer, specialpedagoger och elever. Prototypens funktionalitet kan delas upp i två delar, den administrativa delen och övningsdelen. Den administrativa delen omfattar användargränssnitt och funktionalitet för hantering av elever och andra relevanta uppgifter. Övningsdelen omfattar övningsvyer och deras funktionalitet. Övningarnas funktionalitet är tänkt för att träna den auditiva kanalen, den fonologiska avkodningen - med målet att läsa rätt, samt den ortografiska avkodningen - med målet att eleven ska automatisera sin avkodning, d.v.s. att uppfatta orden som en bild. I utvecklandet av det digitala läromedlet används beprövade principer inom mjukvaruteknik och beprövade implementationstekniker. Man sammanställer högnivåkrav, modellerar domänen och definierar passande användningsfall. För att implementera applikationen används Java EE plattform, Web speech API, Primefaces specifikationer, och annat. Vår prototyp är en bra början som inspirerar till vidare utveckling, med förhoppning om att en fullständig webapplikation ska skapas, som ska förändra arbetssättet i våra skolor. / The digital age is changing society. New technology provides opportunities to produce and organize knowledge in new ways. The technology available in schools today can also be used to optimize literacy training for students with reading difficulties. This thesis examines how a digital teaching material for literacy training for children with reading difficulties can be designed and implemented, and shows that this is possible to achieve. A digital learning material of good quality should be based on a scientifically accepted method of literacy training. This thesis uses Gunnel Wendick’s training model which is already used by many special education teachers. The training model is used with word lists, without computers, tablets or the like. We analyze Wendick’s training model and employ it, in a creative way, to design a digital equivalent to the original model. Our goal is to create a digital learning material that implements Wendick’s training model, and thus make it possible to use in various smart devices. With this we hope to facilitate the work of both the special education teachers and children with reading difficulties and to make the procedures more appealing and creative. In our study, we examine various technical possibilities to implement Wendick’s training model. We choose to create a prototype of a web application, with suitable functionality for both administrators, special education teachers and students. The prototype’s functionality can be divided into two parts, the administrative part and the exercise part. The administrative part covers the user interface and functionality for handling students and other relevant data. The exercise part includes training views and their functionality. The functionality of the exercises is intended to train the auditory channel, the phonological awarenesswith the goal of reading accurately, and the orthographic decoding - with the goal that students should automate their decoding, that is, to perceive the words as an image. In the development of the digital teaching material, we used proven principles in software technologies and proven implementation techniques. It compiles high-level requirements, the domain model and defines the appropriate use cases. To implement the application, we used the Java EE platform, Web Speech API, Prime Faces specifications, and more. Our prototype is a good start to inspire further development, with the hope that a full web application will be created, that will transform the practices in our schools.

Bakgrund: Studiens syfte var att undersöka psykoterapiprocesser innan och under känslomässig upplevelse (EE) i en en-sessionsbehandling av Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET), samt att beskriva hur vi kan förstå dessa. Ämnet valdes att studeras då det är eftersträvansvärt att undersöka hur processvariabler förhåller sig i interaktionella sekvenser. Dessutom har psykoterapiprocesser inte tidigare studerats i en EAET-behandling. Att förstå psykoterapiprocesser som föregår EE i en EAET-behandling kan generera hypoteser samt öka intresset för utforskandet av möjliga processer och mekanismer involverade i EE inom psykoterapi. Metod: Denna kvalitativa studies data samlades in från tio inspelade intervjuer som härstammade från KOSMOS-projektet, vilket var en vetenskaplig studie som studerade känslofokuserade digitala interventioner för patienter med medicinskt oförklarade kroppsliga symtom (MOS) med hög primärvårdskonsumtion. Samtliga deltagare genomförde Life-stress intervjun, vilket är en en-sessionsbehandling som fokuserar på att patienten berättar om, utforskar och uttrycker emotioner. För att urskilja EE i data användes kodningsinstrumentet Narrative-Emotion Process Coding System 2.0 (NEPCS 2.0), vilket spårar sekvenser där patienter upplever känslor, integrerar nya känslomässiga upplevelser och fångar reflekterande processer. Urskilda sekvenser transkriberades och analyserades med kvalitativ tematisk analys. Resultat: Resultatdel ett presenterade tio teman med tillhörande subteman i ett kodningsschema. Teman var Känslor, Frågor och reflektion, Tolkning, Förklaring, Upprepning, Bekräftelse, Visualisering, Motstridighet, Sammanfattning och Testa nytt beteende. Teman var olika återkommande och var olika gynnsamma utifrån studiens frågeställning. Resultatdel två presenterade samband mellan teman. Vi identifierade bland annat att subteman ofta följde efter varandra samt att teman stundtals var svåra att särskilja. Diskussion: I diskussionen förde vi ett resonemang gällande de urskilda psykoterapiprocesserna och dess eventuella koppling till EE, samt kring identifierade mönster inom och mellan de olika teman. Vissa teman identifierades vara eller likna vedertagna terapeutiska interventioner. Trots att inga kausala samband kunde dras från resultatet genererades hypoteser för framtida processforskning kring det potentiella sambandet mellan funna psykoterapiprocesser och EE. Med hänvisning till det nuvarande forskningsläget antas det viktigt att fortsatt undersöka detta. / Background: This study aimed to investigate psychotherapy processes before and during emotional experiencing (EE) in a single-session treatment with Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET), and to describe how we can understand these processes. The topic was chosen because it is desirable to examine how process variables relate in interactional sequences. Additionally, no previous studies have investigated psychotherapy processes in an EAET treatment. Understanding psychotherapy processes preceding EE in an EAET treatment can generate hypotheses and increase interest for future research exploring possible processes and mechanisms involved in EE within psychotherapy. Method: This qualitative study included data from ten recorded interviews which originated from the KOSMOS project, which studied emotion-focused digital interventions for patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) with high primary care consumption. All participants underwent the Life-stress interview, which is a single-session treatment focusing on the patient narrating, exploring, and expressing emotions. To identify EE in the data, the Narrative-Emotion Process Coding System 2.0 (NEPCS 2.0) was used. It tracks sequences where participants experience emotions, integrate new emotional experiences, and capture reflective processes. The identified sequences were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: The first part of the results presents ten themes with corresponding subthemes in a coding scheme. The themes were Emotions, Questions and reflection, Interpretation, Explanation, Repetition, Confirmation, Visualization, Contradiction, Summary, and Testing new behavior. The themes varied in occurrence and were considered differently favorable based on the study's research questions. The second part of the results presents connections between themes. Among other findings, we identified that subthemes often followed each other and that themes were sometimes difficult to distinguish from one another. Discussion: In the discussion, we reasoned about the distinguished psychotherapy processes and its possible connection to EE. We also discussed identified patterns within and between the different themes. Some themes were identified as being or resembling established therapeutic interventions. Although no causal relationships could be drawn from the results, we generated hypotheses for future process research about the potential relation between psychotherapy processes and EE. With reference to the current state of research, it is assumed important to continue investigating this.

My diploma thesis focuses on comparison of Czech and Belgian textbooks of social science. The theoretical part includes description and comparison of Czech and Belgian educational system and concept of social science. The theoretical part includes also description of word "textbook". The practical part consists of analysis of Czech and Belgian textbooks according to the criterions. Attitudes and opinions of Czech and Belgian teachers are written there. It includes the observation of social science classes, too.

Today’s primary school pupils encounter English in a wide variety of ways through the use of various forms of media. This thesis aims to research how the very youngest pupils in the Swedish primary school encounter the English language in their time outside of school and whether or not it has any impact on how they relate to the subject in school. Teachers’ views on their pupils’ habits will also be compared, as well as whether they see encounters outside the classroom as having any visible effects on the pupils. Through the use of interviews with both seven- to eight-year-old pupils and teachers, it was possible to find common forms of extramural English (EE) among the pupils, but little evidence it contributed to their views on English at school. Teachers were largely aware of their pupils’ interests and were positive towards using EE content in class, but did not feel it was possible to do so. / <p>Engelska</p>

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-04T15:37:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cristina Maria Baesso Canônico Lopes - 2014.pdf: 4423521 bytes, checksum: a3f3f6acefc36b2fd0efd7224c3853f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-05T10:13:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cristina Maria Baesso Canônico Lopes - 2014.pdf: 4423521 bytes, checksum: a3f3f6acefc36b2fd0efd7224c3853f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T10:13:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cristina Maria Baesso Canônico Lopes - 2014.pdf: 4423521 bytes, checksum: a3f3f6acefc36b2fd0efd7224c3853f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The establishment of the Environmental Education (EE) is the result of a historical rocess, which is directly related to environmental problems, since EA has emerged as one of the most important tools for achieving sustainability and survival of the planet. In this context, EA has become a component of public policies with the government the obligation to promote it. The aim of this study was to report the perceptions that residents of Rio Pomba have on environmental public policy developed by the municipality and EE. The methodological procedures used anchored in the qualitative research. Information was obtained through interviews and questionnaires and was analyzed by describing and analyzing the content. Participated in this survey 162 people in total sento7 public representatives, 33 teachers and 122 residents of Rio Pomba. The results show that the research subjects, including public representatives, recognize and are aware of the environmental impacts that occur at Rio Pomba with emphasis on those related to water, garbage and sewer. On the other hand, there is a lack of understanding by the residents and faculty, public policies that the municipality develops. However, this relates to the lack of communication and performance of the municipal government and the lack of promotion from EA and public awareness for environmental conservation. Was identified as the city of Rio Pomba needs to develop a program of EE, which provides an overview of the environment, to awaken in people a the feeling of belonging to the same and to promote awareness and citizenship in the search and recovery by environmental conservation and the EE. / O estabelecimento da Educação Ambiental (EA) é resultado de um processo histórico, que se relaciona diretamente com a problemática ambiental, visto que a EA emerge como um dos instrumentos mais importantes para viabilizar a sustentabilidade e sobrevivência do planeta. Nesse contexto, a EA se tornou um componente das políticas públicas, tendo o poder público a obrigação de promovê-la. O objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar as percepções que os moradores de Rio Pomba têm sobre políticas públicas ambientais elaboradas pelo município e sobre EA. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados ancoraram-se na pesquisa qualitativa. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas e questionários e foram analisadas por meio da descrição e da análise de conteúdo. Participaram dessa pesquisa 162 pessoas no total, sendo 07 representantes públicos, 33 professoras e 122 moradores de Rio Pomba. Os resultados mostram que os sujeitos da pesquisa, incluindo os representantes públicos, reconhecem e têm consciência dos impactos ambientais que ocorrem em Rio Pomba, com destaque para os relacionados à água, lixo e esgoto. Por outro lado, existe um desconhecimento, por parte dos moradores e professoras, das políticas públicas que o município desenvolve. No entanto, isso se relaciona com a falta de comunicação e atuação do poder público municipal e com a falta da promoção da EA e da conscientização pública para a conservação do meio ambiente. Foi identificado que o município de Rio Pomba precisa desenvolver um programa de EA, que proporcione uma visão global do meio ambiente, que desperte nas pessoas um sentimento de pertencimento ao mesmo e que promova a conscientização e o exercício da cidadania na busca e na cobrança pela conservação ambiental e pela EA.

In Sweden today, the English language is a part of our everyday lives. This means that from very young ages, children encounter the language in many different ways, media being one of the most common. This thesis aims to research if and how teachers in F-3 include this type of English in their teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL). In particular, the focus is to gain knowledge of how music/songs are being used in the classroom, and if the teachers incorporate the music that the pupils listen to in their spare time when working with music/songs. Their attitudes towards doing this is what this thesis is interested in. An empirical study was carried out with the use of interviews as data collecting method. A total of six lower primary school teachers (grades 1-3) spread out geographically in Sweden were interviewed. The results show that teachers report that they are aware of the many places where pupils encounter English, but only one of the teachers incorporate this in teaching EFL. However, the others do seem positive towards working with this and they mention many benefits in doing so. When it comes to music and songs, all teachers work with this in the subject, but once again five out of six do not include the songs that the pupils listen to, except when they in some cases pick something up in the moment. Again, even though some difficulties are mentioned, they seem positive towards this and they believe there is a possibility in including this in their teaching of EFL. However, as seen in the conclusion, time seems to be a big issue for doing so. / <p>Engelska</p>

With increasing merging of the Internet in our daily lives, online shopping becomes a new consumption model. The study subject was female customers who did shopping online. By means of performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence in terms of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as well as involvement degree, the study explored if those variations had influenced female customers¡¦ intentions and behaviors on online shopping. We issued 240 questionnaires by purposive sampling and analyzed by quantitative statistics. The result shows that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence originating from UTAUT significantly influenced female customers¡¦ intentions. Moreover, their intentions also significantly influenced their behavior online.