Stereotypes are cognitive heuristics used by all individuals. Researchers studying bigotry have demonstrated that individuals often expose underlying stereotypical racial biases when using less effortful processing (e.g. Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002; Miarmi & DeBono, 2007). It is well-established in the resource depletion literature that acting beyond natural impulses requires self-regulation. However, the capacity for self-regulation is limited; prior acts of self-regulation deplete regulatory resources, hence temporarily decreasing the ability to self-regulate. The objective of this study was to examine if resource depletion leads to greater expressions of bigotry. More specifically, self-regulation failure was studied from the emotion resource depletion perspective. Even if resources are depleted however, some individuals may be more motivated than others to suppress their biases. Egalitarianism, a value system that emphasizes equal treatment for all, may be an individual difference that influences this motivation. Thus, egalitarianism was examined as a potential moderator of the resource depletion effect. In the current study, 100 participants were randomly assigned to an emotion suppression or a control condition as they watched a race-relevant social injustice video. Then, participants were given the opportunity to express bigotry through responses to a survey assessing reactions to racial microaggressions. Research findings provide evidence for an emotion resource depletion effect in that individuals suppressing their emotions while watching the video expressed greater bigotry on the survey. Additionally, the results also demonstrated a negative relationship between egalitarianism and expressions of bigotry. Although the interaction effect was not found on the full sample, exploratory gender subgroup analyses suggest that gender is a potential moderator of the interaction between emotion suppression and egalitarianism on expressions of bigotry. Within the male sample, relative to participants scoring low on egalitarianism, high egalitarian participants in the emotional suppression condition showed a greater rate of emotional resource depletion due to the video and in turn showed greater levels of bigotry. In contrast, the evidence was only consistent with an egalitarianism main effect for female participants. Thus, findings from the study demonstrate that aside from cognitive-based depleting tasks, emotion resource depletion can also lead to self-regulation failure in terms of expressions of bigotry. Although the resource depletion effect was robust, there are several limitations in this study that need to be addressed in future research. This includes collecting a more genderbalanced sample so gender can be analyzed as part of a three-way interaction to determine the impact gender had on the model. Furthermore, there was a persisting model misspecification issue; in an ongoing replication study, a measure on agreeableness has been included to assess if this was part of the missing variable problem. Finally, the two self-regulation tasks in the current study were domain-specific in the sense that they were both racially-relevant. Next steps include testing the domain-general argument of the resource depletion effect; that is, if selfregulation failure from emotion suppression would still be observed if the two self-regulation tasks were not related through the context of race. / M.S. / Stereotypes are cognitive heuristics used by all individuals. Researchers studying bigotry have demonstrated that individuals often expose underlying stereotypical racial biases when they rely on more automatic thought-associations as they process situations. It is well-established in research that acting beyond these natural impulses requires self-regulation. For example, one study showed that self-regulation effort was required to suppress the automatic association between African-Americans and negative traits such as hostility and recklessness (Muraven, 2008). However, our capacity to effectively self-regulate is limited; prior acts of self-regulation deplete regulatory resources, hence temporarily decreasing the self-regulation ability. The objective of this study was to examine if resource depletion (i.e. practicing self-regulation and using those regulatory resources) leads to greater expressions of bigotry, and particularly to understand the role of emotions in this process. However, even if resources are depleted, some individuals may be more motivated than others to suppress their biases. Egalitarianism, a value system that emphasizes equal treatment for all, may be an individual difference that influences this motivation. Thus, egalitarianism was examined as a potential moderator of the resource depletion effect. 100 participants were randomly assigned to an emotion suppression or a control condition as they watched a race-relevant social injustice video, then they responded to a survey assessing reactions to racial microaggressions. Research findings demonstrate an emotion resource depletion effect; individuals suppressing their emotions while watching the video expressed greater bigotry on the survey. Additionally, a negative relationship was found between egalitarianism and expressions of bigotry. Interestingly, gender seemed to moderate the interaction between emotion suppression and egalitarianism on expressions of bigotry. For males, relative to low egalitarians, high egalitarians who suppressed their emotions expressed greater levels of bigotry; this indicates a greater rate of emotional resource depletion experienced from watching the video. In contrast, there was no difference in emotion resource depletion in females across egalitarian values. Thus, results demonstrate how emotion resource depletion can lead to expressions of bigotry. This carries implications to our social interactions, as both emotion regulation and interracial encounters are common components of our daily lives.

Idrott och hälsa är ett omdiskuterat ämne som eleverna tycker olika om. Det är ett obligatoriskt ämne som gör att alla måste delta, men man kan också välja att ha specialidrott inom en specifik idrott. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera om när gymnasieelever känner sig som mest framgångsrika på idrottslektionerna utifrån ett Task och Ego perspektiv, som är ett perspektiv inom Achievement Goal Theory. Fokuset ligger på att jämföra mellan specialidrottselever och elever som går idrott och hälsa, pojkar och flickor, och slutligen mellan de i åldern 16–17 och 18–19. Undersökningsgruppen var på 58 elever jämnt fördelat i de olika kategorierna. För att få fram resultatet användes en kvantitativ metod där det genomfördes en enkät. Det framkom att specialidrottselever kände sig mer framgångsrika utifrån ett Ego perspektiv än vad de vanliga idrotteleverna gjorde. Men från ett Task perspektiv blev det tvärtom. Mellan pojkar och flickor var resultaten jämna och det skilde sig inte mycket alls. Mellan de yngre och äldre visade det sig att de yngre kände sig tydligt mer framgångsrika både från ett Task perspektiv och Ego perspektiv.

Šis tarpdisciplininis magistro darbas yra konceptuali galios ir realybės (tam tikra prasme ir autentiškumo) studija. Viena nuo kitos sunkiai atsiejamos pastarosios sąvokos yra analizuojamos per tris plačius teorinius pjūvius – hiperrealybę, orientalizmą bei šiuos procesus katalizuojančią ir iš dalies logistinę funkciją atliekančią antrąją modernybę. Galios ir realybės santykis darbe analizuojamas ne tiek per fizinį silpnesniojo pavergimą, kiek mėginimus modifikuoti tikrovę bei vaizdinių pagalba kurti hiperrealybę, subordinuotą galios subjekto interesams. Atvejo studijai pasirinkta galios implikuota Jungtinių Arabų Emyratų (JAE) hiperrealybė bei sąlygas jos atsiradimui paklojusi antroji modernybė. Atlikta empirinė ir teorinė analizė atskleidžia, jog įspūdingi Emyratų kultūros objektai, iliustruojami leksinėmis hiperbolėmis ir kvapą gniaužiančiais vaizdais, tėra simuliakras, neatspindintis tikrovės ar vietos kultūros, bet siekiantis pačią tikrovę pakeisti. Be to, JAE yra naujos rūšies simuliakras, kurio esminiu požymiu galima laikyti vertybiškai svetimos kultūros perėmimą bei pavertimą „sava“, siekiant simbolinio pripažinimo. Šio Emyratų, kaip globalaus pasaulio galios centro, pripažinimo, kuris yra ir šalies modernizacijos katalizatorius, ir nedemokratinio valdančiojo režimo legitimacijos įrankis, siekiama drastiškai aukojant autentiškumą bei kuriant „faraoniškus“ kultūros projektus, kurie šiame darbe laikomi kultūros utopija. Be to, autentiškumo ignoravimas ir Oriento (JAE)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This interdisciplinary Master thesis is a conceptual investigation of power and reality (in a sense of authenticity as well). The following concepts which are hardly distinguishable from each other are analyzed via three theoretical layers – hyperreality, orientalism and the late modernity which works both as a catalyst for these processes and as a logistical tool. The relation between power and reality is revealed not through physical subjugation of the weaker but rather through the attempts to modify reality and with the help of images to create hyperreality that is subordinated to self-interests of the mighty. As the case study the power implicated hyperreality of United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the second modernity that conditioned it has been chosen. Empirical and theoretical analysis reveals that spectacular Emirati cultural objects, illustrated by lexical hyperboles and breath-taking images merely is a simulacra that does not reflect reality or local culture but seeks to alter that reality. Furthermore UAE is a new kind of simulacra characterized by accepting and transforming into “their own” the foreign culture that is alien to the one found within local cultural context in order to obtain symbolic recognition. The symbolic recognition of Emirati as one of the hubs of global power is both the catalyst of Emirati modernization and the instrument of legitimacy of the ruling elite. This recognition is pursued by ‘pharaonic’ cultural objects (cultural utopia) and... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yvone de Rezende Ruston.pdf: 516477 bytes, checksum: 8cba57c8f8d715b9a446428d620083fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-29 / The objective of this work is to offer an analogy between Teresa de Avila s book Interior Castle and the Analytic Psychology s individuation process. The symbolic method of Analytic Psychology presents itself as a resource that allows the recovery of the language and symbolism of religious experience, permitting the understanding of the individuation process, and the assimilation of personal stories in those aspects that challenge rational understanding. During research, we selected some symbolic images from Interior Castle that are analog to the individuation process. The symbolism of Interior Castle reveals itself on a journey in search of the main dwelling, the Center, and in relation to the secondary dwellings. During the journey, the symbolism of the serpents and demons represents existence conflicts. The symbolic triad: worm-cocoon-butterfly offers an analogy to understand the psychic transformation. The image of the spiritual marriage symbolizes the joining of the individual and God, and reflects the integration of the conscious and unconscious mind, a psychic dynamic proper to human development. The union with Christ as a symbol of Self is a powerful analogy to the impasses of life and can nurture the human psych with symbolism able to promote the individuation process / Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo estabelecer uma analogia entre a obra Castelo Interior de Teresa de Ávila e o processo de individuação da Psicologia Analítica. O método simbólico da Psicologia Analítica se apresenta como um recurso que permite o resgate da linguagem e do simbolismo da experiência religiosa, propiciando a compreensão do processo de individuação e da apropriação das histórias pessoais naqueles aspectos que desafiam a compreensão racional. Durante a pesquisa foram selecionadas imagens simbólicas do Castelo Interior que possibilitaram uma analogia com o processo de individuação. O simbolismo do Castelo Interior se revela numa jornada, em busca da morada principal, o Centro, e o faz numa relação com as moradas periféricas. Durante a jornada, o simbolismo das serpentes e demônios representa os conflitos da existência. A tríade simbólica do verme-casulo-borboleta oferece uma analogia para a compreensão da transformação psíquica. A imagem do matrimônio espiritual simboliza a união do indivíduo com Deus, e reflete a integração do consciente e inconsciente, dinâmica psíquica própria do desenvolvimento. A união com Cristo como símbolo do Self revela uma fonte poderosa de analogias frente aos impasses da vida e pode nutrir o psiquismo humano com um simbolismo capaz de promover o processo de individuação

This thesis investigates ego-involvement, a measure focused around the customer satisfaction and service quality assessement concept. It questions whether or not it has the potential to be a better predictor of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction than the measures of service quality that dominate leisure service assessment at present.

Juvenile delinquency is a widely known problem and some adolescents are constantly engaging in delinquency. The present study examined two types of broader risky personality factors, termed “Inflated Ego” and “Low Impulse Control”, and how the two factors were related to delinquency and antisocial behaviors for adolescent boys and girls. The data was drawn from a large community sample of youths in 8th and 9th grade. The results showed that for both boys and girls, the two factors were similarly related to an antisocial lifestyle and delinquency. However, a low impulse control was the critical risk factor for persistence in delinquency. In conclusion, there is not only one single personality factor behind adolescents’ delinquency, but low impulse control seems to be the most essential predictor. / Ungdomskriminalitet är ett utbrett problem och vissa ungdomar är konstant inblandade i kriminella aktiviteter. Denna studie undersökte två typer av bredare personlighetsfaktorer förknippade med risker, benämnda ”Uppblåst Ego” och ”Låg Impulskontroll”, samt hur dessa var relaterade till kriminalitet och antisociala beteenden för pojkar och flickor. De data som använts kommer från ett stort sampel av ungdomar i åttonde och nionde klass i Örebro. Resultaten visade att de två faktorerna var relaterade på liknande sätt för både pojkar och flickor till en antisocial livsstil och brottslighet. Dock visade sig låg impulskontroll vara den övervägande riskfaktorn för en fortsatt kriminell bana. Sammanfattningsvis finns det inte bara en enda förklarande personlighetsfaktor bakom ungdomars brottslighet.

This thesis investigates ego-involvement, a measure focused around the customer satisfaction and service quality assessement concept. It questions whether or not it has the potential to be a better predictor of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction than the measures of service quality that dominate leisure service assessment at present.

The diploma thesis aims on introducing the "Chronicle of the Kopp family", a personal writing found in the inheritance of Pilsen teacher Vaclav Kopp (1876-1951). The thesis also intends to integrate this work into contexts of the ego-documents research; introductory article therefore touches the matters of personal sources as a subject of a research interest. The main text of the thesis is further divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the story of Vaclav Kopp's life and also focuses on the history of his family. The following chapter deals with the analysis of the source and it particularly wants to emphasize the overall change of its character. The third chapter is a pivotal part of the thesis. It discusses topics contained in the "Chronicle" with intent to look into the everyday life of the author and into his intellectual world. In the last chapter, the work of Vaclav Kopp is compared with the memoirs of another Pilsen citizen - Luisa Pernerová-Zykmundová and with other personal sources from Pilsen of the same time period. Conclusion then summarizes the findings and it points out the importance of the investigated work and offers the possibility of its further use. A list of sources and bibliography is appended, as well as a large number of pictorial attachments.

Esse estudo teve por objeto a construção da identidade psicossocial dos adolescentes que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e/ou a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana adquirida (aids). Esse objeto de investigação constitui um fenômeno de representação social, uma vez que é elaborado e compartilhado entre os adolescentes soropositivos ao HIV a partir das interações que se processam entre estes e os outros indivíduos ao conviverem em sociedade. Nesse sentido, os objetivos que nortearam a condução dessa pesquisa foram: analisar a construção da identidade psicossocial de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids e as representações sociais que o grupo tece sobre si próprio, analisar como essas representações interferem na construção da identidade psicossocial, identificar as especificidades identitárias do adolescente associadas à condição de soropositividade ao HIV e discutir as demandas que a identidade psicossocial do adolescente que vive com HIV/aids propicia para o cuidado de enfermagem e saúde. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, referenciada à luz da perspectiva processual da Teoria das Representações Sociais, bem como pela Teoria da Identidade Social e a Teoria Ego-ecológica. A pesquisa foi autorizada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa por meio do CAAE número 13650213.9.0000.5259. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um hospital de referência para o tratamento de HIV/aids, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes do estudo foram 42 adolescentes soropositivos ao HIV, com idades compreendidas entre 15 e 22 anos, atendidos no ambulatório da referida instituição de saúde. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um instrumento de contextualização dos sujeitos e um roteiro composto por uma pergunta aberta e uma adaptação do Inventário Multifásico de Identidade Social. A apresentação e discussão dos dados fundamentaram-se nas proposições metodológicas da Teoria Ego-ecológica e da análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicaram que a construção da identidade dos adolescentes soropositivos é mediada por representações sociais elaboradas sobre si e sobre os outros indivíduos, a partir de um processo dialógico psico-contextual, caracterizando-se por traços positivos e negativos que se refletem, tanto em sua saúde quanto na forma de ser e se posicionar no mundo. Esse processo transcorre em meio a um contexto de vivências de adversidades, através do qual o estigma social exerce influência negativa sobre as representações que os adolescentes constroem sobre si, quando se comparam aos outros grupos sociais com os quais interagem em suas relações cotidianas. Conclui-se que tanto a identidade socialmente construída, quanto os impactos ocasionados pela soropositividade precisam ser valorizados pelas autoridades governamentais e pelos profissionais que realizam atendimento nos diversos cenários de atenção à saúde. Essa valorização se faz necessária à medida que configura uma possibilidade de estabelecer percursos que possam dar o necessário amparo e resolutividade às demandas de saúde identificadas entre os adolescentes soropositivos ao HIV, bem como para seus respectivos familiares ou cuidadores. / The objective of this study was the psychosocial identity construction of adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). This investigation objective is a phenomenon of social representation, since it is produced and shared among HIV-positive adolescents from interactions processed between them and other individuals interacting in the society. In this sense, the objectives guiding this research were: to analyze the psychosocial identity construction of adolescents living with HIV/aids and the social representations that the group has about themselves, to analyse how these representations that adolescents living with HIV/aids develop about themselves, to analyze how the representations interfere with the construction of psychosocial identity, to identify the specific identity of the adolescent related to HIV condition, to discuss the psychosocial identity demands that adolescents living with HIV/aids provides for nursing and health care. This is qualitative research, referenced based on the procedural perspective of the Theory of Social Representations, and the Theory of Social Identity and Ego-ecological Theory. The research was authorized by the Ethics Committee in Research through CAAE number 13650213.9.0000.5259. The study was developed in a referral hospital for the treatment of HIV/aids, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Study participants were 42 adolescents positive to HIV, 15 to 22 years old, assisted at the clinic of the health institution. The data were collected from an instrument contextualization of the subjects and a script consisting of an open question and an adaptation of the Multiphase Inventory of Social Identity. The data presentation and discussion were based according to the methodological propositions of Ego- ecological Theory and to the thematic content analysis. The results showed that the identity construction of adolescents with HIV is mediated by social representations made about themselves and about other individuals, from a dialogic psycho-contextual process, characterized by positive and negative features that reflect both in their health and in the way of being and to position in the world. This process occurred in experiences of adversity context, which the social stigma, generally attributed to people living HIV/aids, has a dark influence about the representations that adolescents build about themselves, when comparing to other social groups they interact in their everyday relationships. It is concluded that both the socially constructed identity as the impacts caused by HIV must be valued by governmental authorities and by professionals who perform services in several health care areas. This valorization is necessary as it shows a possibility of establishing routes that can give the necessary protection and efficaciousness to health demands identified in HIV adolescents, as well as to their family members or caregivers.

Esse estudo teve por objeto a construção da identidade psicossocial dos adolescentes que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e/ou a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana adquirida (aids). Esse objeto de investigação constitui um fenômeno de representação social, uma vez que é elaborado e compartilhado entre os adolescentes soropositivos ao HIV a partir das interações que se processam entre estes e os outros indivíduos ao conviverem em sociedade. Nesse sentido, os objetivos que nortearam a condução dessa pesquisa foram: analisar a construção da identidade psicossocial de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids e as representações sociais que o grupo tece sobre si próprio, analisar como essas representações interferem na construção da identidade psicossocial, identificar as especificidades identitárias do adolescente associadas à condição de soropositividade ao HIV e discutir as demandas que a identidade psicossocial do adolescente que vive com HIV/aids propicia para o cuidado de enfermagem e saúde. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, referenciada à luz da perspectiva processual da Teoria das Representações Sociais, bem como pela Teoria da Identidade Social e a Teoria Ego-ecológica. A pesquisa foi autorizada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa por meio do CAAE número 13650213.9.0000.5259. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um hospital de referência para o tratamento de HIV/aids, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes do estudo foram 42 adolescentes soropositivos ao HIV, com idades compreendidas entre 15 e 22 anos, atendidos no ambulatório da referida instituição de saúde. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um instrumento de contextualização dos sujeitos e um roteiro composto por uma pergunta aberta e uma adaptação do Inventário Multifásico de Identidade Social. A apresentação e discussão dos dados fundamentaram-se nas proposições metodológicas da Teoria Ego-ecológica e da análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicaram que a construção da identidade dos adolescentes soropositivos é mediada por representações sociais elaboradas sobre si e sobre os outros indivíduos, a partir de um processo dialógico psico-contextual, caracterizando-se por traços positivos e negativos que se refletem, tanto em sua saúde quanto na forma de ser e se posicionar no mundo. Esse processo transcorre em meio a um contexto de vivências de adversidades, através do qual o estigma social exerce influência negativa sobre as representações que os adolescentes constroem sobre si, quando se comparam aos outros grupos sociais com os quais interagem em suas relações cotidianas. Conclui-se que tanto a identidade socialmente construída, quanto os impactos ocasionados pela soropositividade precisam ser valorizados pelas autoridades governamentais e pelos profissionais que realizam atendimento nos diversos cenários de atenção à saúde. Essa valorização se faz necessária à medida que configura uma possibilidade de estabelecer percursos que possam dar o necessário amparo e resolutividade às demandas de saúde identificadas entre os adolescentes soropositivos ao HIV, bem como para seus respectivos familiares ou cuidadores. / The objective of this study was the psychosocial identity construction of adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). This investigation objective is a phenomenon of social representation, since it is produced and shared among HIV-positive adolescents from interactions processed between them and other individuals interacting in the society. In this sense, the objectives guiding this research were: to analyze the psychosocial identity construction of adolescents living with HIV/aids and the social representations that the group has about themselves, to analyse how these representations that adolescents living with HIV/aids develop about themselves, to analyze how the representations interfere with the construction of psychosocial identity, to identify the specific identity of the adolescent related to HIV condition, to discuss the psychosocial identity demands that adolescents living with HIV/aids provides for nursing and health care. This is qualitative research, referenced based on the procedural perspective of the Theory of Social Representations, and the Theory of Social Identity and Ego-ecological Theory. The research was authorized by the Ethics Committee in Research through CAAE number 13650213.9.0000.5259. The study was developed in a referral hospital for the treatment of HIV/aids, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Study participants were 42 adolescents positive to HIV, 15 to 22 years old, assisted at the clinic of the health institution. The data were collected from an instrument contextualization of the subjects and a script consisting of an open question and an adaptation of the Multiphase Inventory of Social Identity. The data presentation and discussion were based according to the methodological propositions of Ego- ecological Theory and to the thematic content analysis. The results showed that the identity construction of adolescents with HIV is mediated by social representations made about themselves and about other individuals, from a dialogic psycho-contextual process, characterized by positive and negative features that reflect both in their health and in the way of being and to position in the world. This process occurred in experiences of adversity context, which the social stigma, generally attributed to people living HIV/aids, has a dark influence about the representations that adolescents build about themselves, when comparing to other social groups they interact in their everyday relationships. It is concluded that both the socially constructed identity as the impacts caused by HIV must be valued by governmental authorities and by professionals who perform services in several health care areas. This valorization is necessary as it shows a possibility of establishing routes that can give the necessary protection and efficaciousness to health demands identified in HIV adolescents, as well as to their family members or caregivers.