This dissertation examines Lennart Sjögren’s conception of life as revealed through his poetry and other written documents. Light is shed on his writings in three chapters, with an Introduction that opens the investigations, and a Conclusion that sums up the findings. His collection of poetry Ur männisovärlden (2008, From the world of the living) is commented upon in an epilogue. Chapter Two analyses the collection Havet (1974, The Sea), focussing on Sjögren’s view of nature and his imagery. A religious tone can be apparent throughout the poems. In earlier centuries, poems about migratory birds often gained in authenticity via their Christian context. In a secularised age, ecological insights add to the credibility of the poems. Chapter Three is an analysis and interpretation of Sjögren’s collection of poems Fågeljägarna (1997, The Bird Catchers), as well as of the intra- and intertexts that the reader meets in his writings and that, for various reasons, serve to make Sjögren’s poetic voice so distinctive. In a series of subsections the uniqueness of Fågeljägarna is defined by means of a comparison with ecology, secularisation (secularism), nihilism, religion and mythology. In addition, there is a discussion of the “poetry of place” and a final analysis of what unites and divides Sjögren and K. E. Løgstrup, regarding a poetic understanding of life. Independent of the ideological direction that is identi-fied, this cycle of poems is marked by an elegiac mood. The poem “Dagen före plöjarens kväll” (1984, “The Day before the Plough-man’s Evening”) from the eponymous collection of poems is an example of an ekphrasis (a transformation of images). Chapter Four makes a close reading of this poem, for which Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s picture “Landscape with the Fall of Icarus” is a model. Four interpretative hypotheses are advanced: a moral, ontological, theological and a folkloristic one. The interpretation of the poem points out that the dialogue is not merely the poet’s private affair – the reader is also invited to take an active part in the discussion, now with the picture and the ekphrasis as prerequisites. The chapter contains a further three analyses of ekphrasis dealing with other poems from the collection Dagen före plöjarens kväll.

Honors Project--Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-106).

This thesis analyses ekphrastic passages in the short stories of the Danish writer Karen Blixen. It points out the various definitions of ekphrasis while drawing on a wider conception of this phenomenon which is based on the current intermediality discourse. The texts are analysed on two levels: 1) Ekphrastic thematization, i.e., the transfer of content elements from visual arts to literature, especially regarding landscape painting, portrait and still life. 2) Ekphrastic realization, i.e., the practical use of painting techniques in literary texts, such as the choice of colours or the depiction of light. The results of the analyses indicate a diversity of forms of ekphrasis in Blixen's works, be it in terms of scope, form or integration into the text structure. The results also point out the importance of the so-called pictorial model concept in the author's poetics.

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta traduções comentadas de poemas de William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), um autor de destaque no cenário literário norte-americano, mas cuja obra ainda tem pouca circulação no Brasil. Levando em conta o interesse do poeta por artes visuais, optou-se por traduzir os poemas que Williams escreveu a partir de pinturas do mestre flamengo Pieter Brueghel (c. 1525-1569). O percurso proposto começa com um esboço da biografia de Williams, situando-o em relação a alguns de seus contemporâneos, como T. S. Eliot e Ezra Pound, para contextualizar o desenvolvimento de suas premissas artísticas. Em seguida, será abordada a trajetória de Pieter Brueghel — essa parte visa, principalmente, a descoberta de possíveis pontos de contato entre um pintor do período da Renascença e um escritor do início do século XX. No capítulo dedicado à fundamentação teórica, são elencados os critérios adotados no processo de leitura e tradução, tomando como base as ideias de Haroldo de Campos, Paulo Henriques Britto, Henri Meschonnic e Charles Hartman. Nas seções dedicadas a cada poema, discutem-se as especificidades do diálogo que se estabelece entre texto e imagem, além dos desafios e soluções encontrados ao longo do processo de tradução, especialmente no que diz respeito ao uso do enjambement. / [en] This master s thesis features annotated translations of poems by William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), a prominent author in the North American literary scene whose work is not widely available in Brazil. Prompted by Williams s interest in the visual arts, this thesis focuses on the translation of Williams s poems that were inspired by the paintings of Flemish master Pieter Brueghel (1525-1569). The research begins with a summary biography of Williams, describing his relationships with contemporaries such as T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound, in order to contextualize the development of his artistic vision. Next, Brueghel s life and work are discussed, in part to discover possible commonalities between a Renaissance painter and an early 20th-century writer and poet. A chapter discussing the thesis s theoretical foundation lists the criteria used to analyze and translate Williams s poems, based on the ideas of Haroldo de Campos, Paulo Henriques Britto, Henri Meschonnic and Charles Hartman. Sections devoted to each poem discuss the various connections between image and text, as well as the challenges and their corresponding solutions throughout the translation process, particularly regarding Williams s use of enjambment.

<p dir="ltr">With a particular focus on her twelve years of partnership with Ulay, the life and work of performance artist Marina Abramović are taken as ekphrastic subjects in a research-based poetics reflecting the author’s understandings of art, love and belonging. In dynamic movements of literary form throughout the manuscript, <i>Nude Imperative</i> makes a restless inquiry into the meaning of embodiment as a person in language, desire, and diaspora, the nature of relation between this individual self and the intimate other, and the limits of these human connections; the limits of love.</p>

Cette recherche s’articule autour de la notion de « biofiction » dont l’importance est expliquée à partir des notions de « biographie », « hagiographie », « autobiographie », mais aussi de « récit mythique », d’« autofiction » et de « vulgarisation ». La biofiction, une fiction biographique, permet d'aborder des phénomènes littéraires contemporains dans lesquels l'exemplarité de certaines figures est centrale. Le corpus littéraire à l’étude se compose de bio\hagio fictions postmodernes sur la visionnaire du XIIe siècle Hildegarde de Bingen et le peintre baroque de la fin du XVIe et début du XVIIe siècle Le Caravage (Nobécourt, 2013; Tancredi, 2012; Fernandez, 2002; Haenel, 2019). Comment (et pourquoi) des auteurs abordent-il aujourd'hui selon une perspective transculturelle et transhistorique de telles figures? À partir de quatre romans qui (ré)adaptent la vie de ces deux figures, je montrerai de quelle façon l’exemplarité et la singularité de leur existence est cristallisée par le roman et peut franchir les carcans du « biographique » en leur permettant de passer de personnage de fiction à lieu de mémoire (Nora, 1993). Pour ce faire, il sera question de sonder les spécificités de l’écriture biographique et hagiographique et le cas du personnage de roman tel que considéré dans les théories de la narratologie (Dosse, 2011) : qu’est-ce qui forme le fictif, de quelle manière se met-t-il en opposition (et en adhésion) avec le biographique? L'analyse du corpus se concentrera aussi sur des éléments narratologiques qui sont souvent mis de l'avant dans la recherche-création en biofiction : des expérimentations narratives où s’enchaînent et s’alternent les narrations extra, intra, hétéro et méta diégétique, ainsi que les focalisations interne, externe et zéro. Il sera question de démontrer de quelle manière les jeux narratifs servent le récit biofictif et quelles stratégies et méthodologies les auteurs utilisent pour conférer à leurs romans crédibilité, singularité et légitimité biographique. Ce mémoire a pour but de disséquer, sous plusieurs angles, (littéraire, sociologique, narratologique, médiatique, culturel, historique) la biofiction comme forme (Viart, 2001) dans toute son hybridité, telle qu'elle a été pratiquée (dans les pays occidentaux) au cours des dernières années (2000 à 2020). / This research revolves around the notion of "biofiction", the importance of which is explained from the notions of "biography", "hagiography", "autobiography", but also "mythical narrative", "autofiction" and "popularization". Biofiction, a biographical fiction, makes it possible to approach contemporary literary phenomena in which the exemplarity of certain figures is central. The literary corpus under study consists of postmodern bio\hagio fictions about the 12th century visionary Hildegard of Bingen and the late 16th - early 17th century Baroque painter Caravaggio (Nobécourt, 2013; Tancredi, 2012; Fernandez, 2002; Haenel, 2019). How (and why) do authors today approach such figures from a transcultural and transhistorical perspective? Based on four novels that (re)adapt the lives of these two figures, I will show how the exemplarity and singularity of their existence is crystallized by the novel and can cross the shackles of the "biographical" by allowing them to pass from fictional character to place of memory (Nora, 1993). To do this, we will probe the specificities of biographical and hagiographical writing and the case of the novel character as considered in the theories of narratology (Dosse, 2011): what forms the fictional, in what way does it stand in opposition (and in adhesion) with the biographical? The analysis of the corpus will also focus on narratological elements that are often put forward in biofiction research-creation: narrative experiments where extra, intra, hetero and meta diegetic narratives, as well as internal, external and zero focus, are linked and alternated. It will demonstrate how narrative games serve the biofiction narrative, and what strategies and methodologies the authors use to give their novels credibility, singularity, and biographical legitimacy. This dissertation aims to dissect, from several angles (literary, sociological, narratological, media, cultural, historical) biofiction as a form (Viart, 2001) in all its hybridity, as it has been practiced (in Western countries) in recent years (2000 to 2020).

This master’s thesis investigates poetic text writing through a teaching project conducted on a secondary school class in Sweden. Inspired by ekphrastic poetry, the teaching project consisted of poetry and literature reading. The students visited a sculpture related to the literature, upon which they wrote poetic texts about the sculpture. The main purpose of the study is to describe how teaching in the Swedish subject can make use of Swedish language teaching by developing students’ poetic texts that touches on topics such as living conditions and identity. Drawing from thematic narrative analysis, most notably Bamberg’s positioning model, the analysis investigates the narratives constructed in the students’ poetic texts as well as identity aspects negotiated through the narratives. The students’ identities were further discovered through participant observation and semi-structured interviews to deepen the understanding of the meeting between art, identity and learning.The general perception drawn from the interviewees’ answers is that the Swedish subject rarely includes knowledge of nor writing of poetic texts. However, the study emphasises that poetry could have an integral part of the education in the Swedish subject in secondary education.The results show that the students’ poetic texts tend to relate to the sculpture and the physical environment, as well as the social context of the environment. Furthermore, the identities of the students were shown to have a high relevance in the writing process. The teaching project was based on principles of culturally sustaining pedagogy and aimed at contributing to the sociocultural support of the school. As the students’ language and cultural backgrounds proved to be significant in the writing process, it became evident that multilingualism was a natural part of the student’s everyday school life.

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