Inledning: Lungemboli (LE) är den tredje vanligaste dödsorsaken bland hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Den dominerande strategin för kliniskt diagnostikstöd vid misstanke om LE är Wells kriterier och det senaste årtiondet har datortomografisk pulmonell angiografi (CTPA) varit den bilddiagnostiska guldstandarden. Dubbel energi (DE) CTPA kan göra det möjligt att urskilja patologi och använda datauppsättningar för att konstruera jodkartor som kan nyttjas i diagnostiken. Syfte: Granska bildkvalitet, stråldos och diagnostisk noggrannhet vid DE CTPA jämfört med enkel energi (SE) CTPA vid diagnostisering av LE. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturöversikt och behandlar tolv vetenskapliga artiklar av kvantitativ retrospektiv- och prospektiv metod. Resultat: DE ger en hög bildkvalitet som är likvärdig eller bättre än SE. Det finns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan DE och SE gällande den diagnostiska noggrannheten men i kombination med jodkartor och monokromatiska bilder från DE kan det detekteras LE som inte syns med SE. DE kan ge både högre och lägre stråldos jämfört med SE. Slutsats: CTPA med DE ger en hög bildkvalitet som är jämförbar eller bättre än SE. Den diagnostiska noggrannheten ökar med jodkartor och monokromatiska bilder. Beroende på metod och modell av DT varierar stråldosen mellan DE och SE.

Moderna företag är under ständig förändring. Företagen behöver således förändra, bygga ut och modifiera de applikationer som stödjer verksamheten. Att göra ändringar i arkitekturer på stora IT-system är inte heltbekymmerfritt. Det är ofta väldigt dyrt och tidskrävande. Problemet är att det inte finns några enkla metoder för att kvantifiera komplexitet på IT-förslag i tidigt skede av en implementation. Många verksamheter har således behov avatt kvantifiera komplexiteten på IT-förslag i deras beslutsprocess för att avgöra vilka system som är dyra och tidskrävande att implementera. Ett av dem är Sveriges militära försvarsorganisation, Försvarsmakten. Syftet förstudien blir sålunda att presentera en metod för att kvantifiera komplexitet och optimera implementation för IT-förslag. Målet för studien är därmed att presentera en modell som gör det möjligt för verksamheter att identifiera komplexa förslag som kan medföra onödiga projektrisker. Denna studie använder sig utav en kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en induktiv forskningsansats. Studien evaluerar vilka olika sätt Försvarsmaktens mobilapplikation, FMTK kan implementeras på och vilken av implementationerna som är mest optimal beträffande komplexitet. Därefter presenteras resultatet för studien, Tre-stegsmetoden som inkorporerar den bästa implementationen. Slutligen drar studien slutsatsen, med hjälp av analyser och utvärderingar, att Tre-stegsmetoden är överlägsen andra metoder. / Modern enterprises are under constant change. Therefore, enterprises need to change, extend and modify the applications that support their businesses. Making changes in the architectures of large IT-systems however, are not straightforward. It is often very costly and time consuming. The problem is that there are no easy methods to quantify complexity and optimize an implementation in early phases of an application construction. Thus, many companies are in need of a method to quanitfy complexity of their IT-businessproposals in order to facilitate their decision-making process. One of them is the Swedish Armed Forces (sv. Försvarsmakten). The purpose of this study is therefore to present a simple method to quantify complexity and optimize implementation for IT-proposals. The purpose aligns with the goal, which is to present a model, which forms the basis for IT-proposals, for companies to consider in their process. This study uses a combination of a qualitative and quantitative research with an inductive research approach. Furthermore, this study evaluates in which ways Swedish Armed Forces application FMTK can be implemented and which implementations that are most optimal in terms of complexity. A method which incorporates the implementation is thereafter presented as a result of the study. Conclusively, the study shows with the help of analyses and evaluations that the presented method, namely the Three-stepmethod is superior to other methods.

The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experience of an only-child adolescent’s lived experience of parental divorce. Gestalt field and phenomenological theory in conjunction with current literature provided an overview of the theoretical underpinnings pertaining to the study. A qualitative research approach with a case study of an only-child adolescent dealing with parental divorce was conducted in an ethical manner by means of two face to face, one-on-one, in depth interviews. Two main themes were identified. The first being experienced feelings associated with grief and bereavement, which revealed feelings of anger in the notion that the participant’s childhood was lost as a result of the divorce and being caught between the parental conflicts. The participant seemed to take it upon herself to take care of those significant to her in fear that she would lose them and that the loss would continue to be repeated. It was further revealed that when the only-child adolescent felt a loss of her own identity she in turn felt out of control. The second theme identified was; experience pressure due to being an only-child. Pressure in being an only-child was very significant surrounding the participant. The participant shared a great deal of feelings pertaining to feeling lonely and longing for a sibling. As parents in divorce situations seem to be focussed on their divorce often the child suffers from stress and the unrealistic expectations parents often have surrounding their children. In this study the only-child could not seem to cope with the pressure and in times of despair made use of coping mechanisms, mainly that of cutting to compensate for the emotional pain experienced. The researcher is of the opinion that the study delivered new found awareness into the only-child adolescent’s lived experience of parental divorce and is in hope that the new found results are utilised as a platform for further studies about this vulnerable population. / MSW (Play Therapy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experience of an only-child adolescent’s lived experience of parental divorce. Gestalt field and phenomenological theory in conjunction with current literature provided an overview of the theoretical underpinnings pertaining to the study. A qualitative research approach with a case study of an only-child adolescent dealing with parental divorce was conducted in an ethical manner by means of two face to face, one-on-one, in depth interviews. Two main themes were identified. The first being experienced feelings associated with grief and bereavement, which revealed feelings of anger in the notion that the participant’s childhood was lost as a result of the divorce and being caught between the parental conflicts. The participant seemed to take it upon herself to take care of those significant to her in fear that she would lose them and that the loss would continue to be repeated. It was further revealed that when the only-child adolescent felt a loss of her own identity she in turn felt out of control. The second theme identified was; experience pressure due to being an only-child. Pressure in being an only-child was very significant surrounding the participant. The participant shared a great deal of feelings pertaining to feeling lonely and longing for a sibling. As parents in divorce situations seem to be focussed on their divorce often the child suffers from stress and the unrealistic expectations parents often have surrounding their children. In this study the only-child could not seem to cope with the pressure and in times of despair made use of coping mechanisms, mainly that of cutting to compensate for the emotional pain experienced. The researcher is of the opinion that the study delivered new found awareness into the only-child adolescent’s lived experience of parental divorce and is in hope that the new found results are utilised as a platform for further studies about this vulnerable population. / MSW (Play Therapy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Interplay between all the different subsystems of the financial markets is currently considered as an important internal force in the market. In a financially liberalized economy exchange rate stability is a basis for a wellbeing stock market. If these interactions between all the different subsystems of the financial markets are not detected, this means that there is information inefficiency in the markets.</p><p><strong>Problem:</strong> Can we find any correlation between changes in currency, interest rate and bonds with the stock market index? If so, how do these changes affect the Stockholm Stock Exchange?</p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to examine if there is any linkage between the interest rate, currency and bonds with the stock market. The researchers wanted to find out how these variables affect the stock market index OMX S30 which consists of the 30 largest companies on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This research has been based on a quantitative approach. Three variables were selected to determine their possible linkage with the stock market index. We have collected the quantitative data from the CMC Markets and Swedish central bank in order to obtain the necessary statistical information. We have then examined the information in SPSS and Excel.</p><p><strong>Empirical and analytical:</strong> The result shows that the government bonds which are one of the independent variables are significant explanatory variable for OMX S30. Interest rate contributes significantly to the model and is a significant explanatory variable for stock market. However, the currency has a weak contribution to the model which means that the currency is not a significant explanatory variable for OMX S30.</p>

Introduction: Interplay between all the different subsystems of the financial markets is currently considered as an important internal force in the market. In a financially liberalized economy exchange rate stability is a basis for a wellbeing stock market. If these interactions between all the different subsystems of the financial markets are not detected, this means that there is information inefficiency in the markets. Problem: Can we find any correlation between changes in currency, interest rate and bonds with the stock market index? If so, how do these changes affect the Stockholm Stock Exchange? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine if there is any linkage between the interest rate, currency and bonds with the stock market. The researchers wanted to find out how these variables affect the stock market index OMX S30 which consists of the 30 largest companies on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Method: This research has been based on a quantitative approach. Three variables were selected to determine their possible linkage with the stock market index. We have collected the quantitative data from the CMC Markets and Swedish central bank in order to obtain the necessary statistical information. We have then examined the information in SPSS and Excel. Empirical and analytical: The result shows that the government bonds which are one of the independent variables are significant explanatory variable for OMX S30. Interest rate contributes significantly to the model and is a significant explanatory variable for stock market. However, the currency has a weak contribution to the model which means that the currency is not a significant explanatory variable for OMX S30.

The regulations that form the basis of the construction sector not only hamper productivity, but also quality, innovation and customer focus. They counteract change by being too regulated and the result is similar in that everyone must relate to the same industry standard and the same framework in the form of rules.  Apartments have had a steady rise in prices over recent decades, statistics suggest that the price of apartments in recent years was higher than ever before. The majority of Sweden's residents living in apartment buildings today live in rental apartments, which is because of the simple reason that purchasing an apartment is expensive and a large sum of money is required to be able to afford a down payment. Many of the homes that are built today are produced on market terms with limited options. This results in newly produced homes being targeted at those with a good income and low-income earners being given lower priority. Apartments with a lower standard are produced in Russia, among other places, where the customer completes the apartment according to taste.  This degree project has been carried out in collaboration with Bonava AB with the aim of investigating how much can be waived from completing in a newly produced flat before the approved final decision. Furthermore, it has been investigated how the time required and the final cost of the project are affected, as well as the customer's benefits through the introduction of the Naked Flat concept. Eleven respondents were interviewed in the study and calculations were performed on a cost estimate and schedule.  With the introduction of Naked Flat, the construction cost was reduced by 7,76 percent and the project time was reduced by 38 days. The lower price is justified by the fact that the apartment is delivered in a simpler design where the customers can complete it themselves according to their own wishes and needs. Naked Flat gives the customer more options about design and the chance to put their own personal touch through color and material choices. Furthermore, the reduced project time means that the customer gets access to the apartment earlier. The completion of the apartments can be regulated in such a way that it relates to sustainable housing through agreements and partners as well as the potentially reduced use of materials.

The subject of this bachelor thesis is the study of the artefact type called simple shaft-hole axe (Swedish: enkel skafthålsyxa) that have been found in the northern region of Sweden, Norrland. In contrast to finds in southern and middle Sweden, axes of this type in Norrland have not been extensively studied. Therefor the aim of this paper is to tabulate their number and distribution and see if the axes have any spatial relation to ancient monuments (Swedish: fornlämningar) dated to the same period and to see if the axes have any spatial relationship to any specific type of geography/terrain. This study also analyzes how they compare to the axes found in the rest of Sweden and thus what they may be able to tell us about prehistoric society in Norrland. This paper can be viewed as an extension of Per Lekberg’s dissertation Yxors liv, människors landskap: en studie av kulturlandskap och samhälle i Mellansveriges senneolitikum which is the most modern and extensive analysis of axes found in southern and middle Sweden and has provided a blueprint for the research done in this paper.

Modern populärkultur verkar under de senaste åren ha framfört en trend i att gestalta sina antagonister som flerdimensionella. Men är komplexitet det enda sättet att göra en antagonist intressant på? I denna fallstudie undersöks antagonisterna i BioShock och Heathers: The Musical, för att förstå den tematiska funktionen av en komplex och en enkel antagonist. Det sker med ett scenurval som identifierar berättelsernas tematik och förtydligar antagonisternas karaktärsdrag. Scenerna förtydligar om antagonisterna är runda eller platta, hur de bedöms inom moral och makt samt framför vad de har för funktion i berättelsernas tematiska mål. Resultatet visar att den enkla antagonisten förespråkar en ytlig ideologi som den sprider och ger komplexitet till andra karaktärer, medan den komplexa antagonisten ger tillfälle till reflektion inom moralen av sin egen ideologi. Slutsatsen av studien blir att de två antagonisttyperna fyller användbara funktioner beroende på hur djupgående en berättelse är villig att utforska ett problem eller ideologi.

<p>The Swedish Transport Administration has, and manages, a database containing information of the status of road condition on all paved and governmental operated Swedish roads. The purpose of the database is to support the Pavement Management System (PMS). The PMS is used to identify sections of roads where there is a need for treatment, how to allocate resources and to get a general picture of the state of the road network condition. All major treatments should be reported which has not always been done.</p><p>The road condition is measured using a number of indicators on e.g. the roads unevenness. Rut depth is an indicator of the roads transverse unevenness. When a treatment has been done the condition drastically changes, which is also reflected by these indicators.</p><p>The purpose of this master thesis is to; by using existing indicators make predictions to find points in time when a road has been treated.</p><p>We have created a SAS-program based on simple linear regression to analyze rut depth changes over time. The function of the program is to find levels changes in the rut depth trend. A drastic negative change means that a treatment has been made.</p><p>The proportion of roads with an alleged date for the latest treatment earlier than the programs latest detected date was 37 percent. It turned out that there are differences in the proportions of possible treatments found by the software and actually reported roads between different regions. The regions North and Central have the highest proportion of differences. There are also differences between the road groups with various amount of traffic. The differences between the regions do not depend entirely on the fact that the proportion of heavily trafficked roads is greater for some regions.</p>