A practical, aesthetic and philosophical examination of lookouts as found in Australian National Parks. Investigates the impact of landscape (as refering to both the actual phenomena and cultural product) on environmental values and human relationship with place. Explores the unique relationship between visitors and environments conserved for their 'wilderness' value. Discusses the management of lookouts and the mediation and potential manipulation of visual perception in the design of these facilities. Suggests lookouts subjegate immediate physical 'site' to celebrate a distant 'scene' granted greater environmental value on the basis of aesthetic principles of beauty, the sublime and the photogenic.

This is a multi-disciplinary applied ethics thesis in the field of applied environmental business ethics. As such, whilst it is primarily anchored in philosophical literature; theory and literature from the fields of environment, education, management, social science, and psychology, all play a significant part. As this is an applied ethics thesis, as opposed to a traditional philosophy thesis, it not only addresses the issue concerned, but also theoretically demonstrates how the proposed alternative approaches might be applied. Methodologically, the underpinning assumption for the thesis stems from the social constructionist belief that external influences can result in internal personal change. The overall thesis has been designed and structured taking a systems approach. As in nature itself, there is an overall aim or system, within which there are many interconnecting sub-systems or theories that can stand alone, but are also directly linked to each other so that my desired outcome can be achieved. In addition, the McCarthy/Kolb 4 Mat System of learning style preference has been embedded into the structure. Due to the multi-disciplinary and applied nature of the thesis, together with the aim and content of the study, a number of specific writing techniques have been employed. These techniques are intended to model some of the recommended strategies, and include inclusive language where possible, and a minimum amount of assumed knowledge, with narratives and stories sprinkled throughout each chapter, where relevant. Finally, a number of established theories have been used to support my proposal for a Heart-Centred Virtue Ethics. The foundation theory is virtue-based ethics, with a primary focus on the work of David Hume, and to a lesser extent Aristotle. This foundation theory is, in turn, supported by a number of dimensions of environmental philosophy including ecofeminism, ethics of care, and the transformational aspect of deep ecology. The relatively new management field of emotional intelligence also plays a major role. The context in which the thesis is set is sustainability from an organisational perspective, and the motivations for caring for nature, which are generally based on externally imposed, content-driven rules, from an anthropocentric perspective. However, I argue that the ideal motivation for caring for nature is based internally, on environmental virtue. Thus, people are taking care of the environment because in their heart they want to, not begrudgingly because externally imposed rules say that they have to. I suggest that movement through various levels of motivation to virtue might occur with an increase in ecological consciousness. In support of these claims, the main elements of environmental philosophy are discussed, and the relevant theories of virtue are presented, including environmental virtue. It is then argued that virtue per se is not enough – that for one to be environmentally virtuous, one needs to have some kind of relationship with nature. To that end, the tenets of ecofeminism, and ethics of care, both based on the notion of relationship, are introduced. However, the dilemma is then presented; “How do you persuade the predominantly male business community of the benefits of the so-called soft skills of virtue, ecofeminism, and ethics of care?” An answer comes in the form of the new management field of emotional intelligence that is gaining acceptance amongst leading-edge organisations worldwide. Having introduced the concept of emotional intelligence, I then demonstrate that the main characteristics and aims of emotional intelligence are virtually identical to those of ethics of care and virtue, and ecofeminism. Therefore, initially the aims of these philosophies can be achieved within the business community, under the guise of emotional intelligence. With all the relevant theories firmly in place, I then return to the notion of raising ecological consciousness, and argue that one way that ecological consciousness might be raised is with a process-oriented, action strategy, that I call Heart-Centred Virtue Ethics. I then theoretically explore the application of heart-centred virtue ethics which is primarily based on emotional intelligence implementation strategies, combined with some intellectual intelligence procedures, and a third ingredient, meta-intelligence.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Jonkershoek is a scenic valley situated on the south-eastern periphery of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape. The study area of around 62 square kilometres has a pleasant rural atmosphere that can be ascribed to a unique combination of cultural and natural elements. It is in the national interest that these characteristics be preserved for posterity. This study represents an investigation into the viability of the sustainable utilisation of the valley, for the benefit of current and future residents and visitors alike. Firstly, a study was made of different approaches in environmental ethics in an effort to find a frame of reference against which people make decision that impact on the environment. The regulatory and planning framework was assessed to establish whether it was sufficient to protect the environment and people. A population profile was compiled to form a picture of the socio-economic conditions in the valley. Finally, a survey was conducted by testing the needs and expectation of residents against several development and conservation issues. Practitioners from the planning field were also involved in this survey. Resource conservation and development seems to be the most appropriate ethical approach for sustainable development. However, sustainable utilisation will only be possible if a balance is found between economic efficiency, environmental integrity and human well-being. It has been established that sufficient measures are in place to protect people and the environment and that integrated development planning was instrumental in this regard. The biggest shortcoming was on economic level and this is reflected in the socio-economic gap between landowners and previously disadvantaged communities. The sustainable utilisation of the Jonkershoek valley is attainable, on condition that the identified shortcomings are addressed through the utilisation of existing and potential development and conservation opportunities. In this assignment a number of suggestions are made that could promote this process. The sustainable utilisation of the Jonkershoek valley is an attainable ideal that requires the dedication of the entire community. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Jonkershoek is 'n skilderagtige vallei suidoos van Stellenbosch in die Wes-Kaap. Die studiegebied, wat ongeveer 62 vierkante kilometer beslaan, het 'n aangenarne landelike atmosfeer wat toegeskryf kan word aan 'n buitengewone kombinasie van kulturele en natuurlike elemente. Dit is in nasionale belang dat hierdie kenmerke vir die nageslag bewaar word. In hierdie studie word ondersoek ingestel na die lewensvatbaarheid van die volhoubare benutting van die Jonkershoekvallei, tot voordeel van huidige en toekomstige inwoners en besoekers. Daar is eerstens gekyk na verskillende benaderinge in orngewingsetiek, in 'n soeke na 'n verwysingsraamwerk waarteen die mens besluite neem wat die omgewing raak. 'n Bevolkingsprofiel van die inwoners is saamgestel om 'n beeld te form van sosio-ekonorniese toestande in die vallei. Verder is gekyk of die wetlike en beplanningsraamwerk voldoende is om die omgewing te beskerm. 'n Opname is gemaak deur die verwagtinge en behoeftes van inwoners te toets aan die hand van verskeie ontwikkelings- en bewaringsvraagstukke. Praktisyns uit die beplanningsveld is ook betrek by die opname. Hulpbron bewaring en ontwikkeling blyk die mees toepaslike etiese vertrekpunt te wees vir volhoubare ontwikkeling. Volhoubare benutting is egter slegs moonlik indien 'n balans gevind kan word tussen ekonomiese doeltreffendheid, omgewings-integriteit en menslike welstand. Daar is bevind dat voldoende maatreels in plek is om die mens en die omgewing te beskerm en dat geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning instrumenteel is in hiedie opsig. Die grootste tekortkoming Ie op ekonomiese vlak en word veral gemanifesteer in 'n sosio-ekonomiese gaping tussen grondeienaars en voorheen benadeelde gemeenskappe. Die volhoubare benutting van die Ionkershoekvallei is wei haalbaar, op voorwaarde dat die ge"identifiseerde tekortkomige aangespreek word deur van bestaande en potensiele ontwikkelings- en bewaringsgeleenhede gebruik te maak. In hierdie werkstuk word 'n aantal voorstelle gemaak wat hierdie proses kan bevorder. Die volhoubare benutting van die Jonkershoekvallei is dus 'n haalbare ideaal maar vereis dat dit aktief nagesteef word deur die hele gerneenskap.

Diante das discussões polêmicas acerca das alterações propostas para o Código Florestal Brasileiro (CFB) e das consequências danosas que elas podem trazer para o futuro da humanidade e do planeta, pensou-se em observar se a Ética Ambiental estaria sendo levada em conta diante dessas propostas de alteração, já que ela surgiu da necessidade de se discutir uma ética com relação ao meio ambiente, partindo da preocupação e da sensibilidade ecológica como reação a uma mentalidade predatória da natureza. O Código Florestal Brasileiro é um dos mais rigorosos do planeta. Surgido como iniciativa à proteção ambiental, agora é alvo de muitas polêmicas ocasionadas pela Proposta ao Substitutivo de Lei N 1876/99, de autoria do deputado Aldo Rebelo. Diante da crise ambiental ocasionada pela difusão da globalização e do crescimento populacional, bem como crescimento consumista, faz-se necessário uma análise dessas propostas dentro da visão da recente Ética Ambiental, que tem como objeto de estudo a relação sustentável entre o homem e o meio ambiente. As questões enfrentadas neste trabalho necessitaram de um enfoque ético reflexivo e do uso de referenciais, que dessem suporte à base teórica necessária para a pesquisa, possibilitando a formação do pensamento crítico e de uma possível conscientização da necessidade da preservação e uso consciente dos recursos naturais. / Given the controversial discussions about the proposed changes to the Brazilian Forest Code (CFB) and the harmful consequences that they can bring to the future of humanity and the planet, it was thought to observe the environmental ethics would be taken into account before these proposals change, since it arose from the need to discuss ethics with regard to the environment, based on the concern and the ecological sensitivity in response to a mentality predatory nature. The Brazilian Forest Code is one of the strictest in the world. Emerged as an initiative for environmental protection, is now the target of many controversies occasioned by the Proposed Substitute Bill No. 1876/99, by Deputy Aldo Rebelo. Given the environmental crisis caused by the spread of globalization and population growth as well as growing consumerism, it is necessary to examine these proposals within view of the recent Environmental Ethics, which has as its object of study the sustainable relationship between man and the environment . The issues addressed in this work required a reflective ethical approach and the use of benchmarks, which would support the theoretical basis needed for research, enabling the formation of critical thinking and a possible awareness of the need for preservation and wise use of natural resources.

Os recursos hídricos constituem um dos elementos mais acentuados na discussão das questões ambientais colocando-se como um dos principais desafios a serem encarados pela humanidade no século XXI. Esta pesquisa verifica o atual momento de seca vivido no Nordeste remetendo a uma conscientização do uso devido dos recursos hídricos propondo a existência de uma gestão dos recursos hídricos ser de fundamental importância na preservação dos mesmos. Apresenta como objetivo geral analisar a gestão dos recursos hídricos no município de Jaicós no Estado do Piauí visando avaliar os procedimentos que estão sendo tomados para a conservação, distribuição e organização destes recursos disponíveis, fornecidos pelo poder público através de preceitos éticos. Expõem sobre a gestão dos recursos hídricos no município de Jaicós no Estado do Piauí discorrendo sobre os efeitos que a má gestão dos poderes públicos acomete no município quanto à questão da gestão. Justifica-se a necessidade de estudos que avaliem a disponibilidade e a demanda hídrica dentro de uma perspectiva de sustentabilidade na utilização deste recurso, valendo-se do estímulo decorrente da criação de um novo arcabouço legal que dá suporte à gestão dos recursos hídricos pautados nos preceitos éticos. Menciona ao concluir a pesquisa que o que mais falta às nossas cidades, inclusive Jaicós, não é água, mas sim determinado padrão cultural que ajunte ética e melhore a eficiência do desempenho político dos governos, da sociedade organizada e das ações públicas e privadas, responsáveis que são por agenciar o desenvolvimento econômico em geral e a proteção da água doce, em particular. / Water resources constitute one of the most accentuated elements in the discussion of environmental issues being placed as one of the main challenges to be faced by humanity in the 21st century. This research looks at the current moment of drought that is being experienced in the Northeast remitting to an awareness raising about the proper use of water resources and to a proposal that the existence of a management of the water resources is of fundamental importance to the preservation of these. It presents as a general goal the analysis of the management of water resources in the municipality of Jaicós in the state of Piauí aiming to evaluate the procedures which are being implemented for the conservation, distribution and organization of the available resources, furnished by the public power through ethical precepts. It presents the management of the water resources in the municipality of Jaicós in the state of Piauí discoursing about the effects which a bad management of the public powers have on the municipality related to the issue of management. The need for studies which evaluate the water availability and demands within a perspective of sustainability in the use of this resource is justified making use of the stimulus resulting from the creation of a new legal framework which supports the management of water resources based on ethical principles. The research mentions at the end that what is lacking in most of our cities, including in Jaicós, is not water but a certain cultural pattern which adds in ethics and improves the efficiency of the political work of the governments, of organized society and of public and private actions, since they are responsible for managing the economic development in general and the protection of potable water in particular.

This study originates out of my experience as an environmental educator working within business and industry in Zimbabwe and South Africa. It is motivated by my observation that, despite much environmental rhetoric and training, environmental education in industry rarely leads to significant advances towards environmental protection. I assume that the problem of the mismatch between rhetoric and action involves both semiotic and non-semiotic components and therefore, after a thorough exploration of my methodological options, I adopt a qualitative transdisciplinary textual analysis of relevant documents using Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis and Bhaskar’s Dialectical Critical Realism, with some insights taken from Bhaskar’s more recent concept of Meta-Reality. My main conclusions from the study indicate that causally efficacious philosophical mistakes, relating to theories of structure/agency and theories of epistemology, are an important aspect of the problem being considered. Specifically, I demonstrate that these mistakes function to buttress ideology and its attendant contradictions which in turn function to provide the preconditions that maintain inequalities and poor environmental practice in business and industry. Prior and current events, such as climate change and the trend towards globalisation, the ‘free market economy’ and psychological characteristics of the author, relevant to the problem, are also important. In line with Bhaskar’s emancipatory aim for explanatory critique, I end with tentative recommendations for a re-imagined environmental education for business and industry which require (un)action. Consistent with my methodological choices, my recommendations have a (qualified) universal application, despite my focus on texts from South Africa and Zimbabwe. My recommendations are summarised below: • there should be consistency between theory and practice such that performance contradictions are avoided; • we should not act from a fear of survival based on past, no longer relevant experiences (e.g. from childhood) as this is unlikely to be an adequate base for present actions; • we should avoid voluntarism by acting with the resources at our disposal, based on a true understanding of our strengths and weaknesses and our own specificities; • we should avoid assuming the stance of the ‘victim’ by refusing to blame other agents or circumstances, without distorting or underestimating the causal efficacy of those agents or circumstances (related to avoiding voluntarism, whilst nevertheless not resorting to determinism either); • we should direct our action towards the abolition of inequalities and master-slave relationships (related to the avoidance of performance contradictions); • we should act from the position of epistemological humility, rather than from the position of epistemological privilege; • we should consider action as ‘shedding’ based on an understanding of the Transformational Model of Social Activity (TMSA); and • we should consider learning to be ‘shedding’ based on the necessity of (un)knowledge, or ignorance, as a requirement of arriving at relatively new knowledge. This study is also a contribution to contemporary methodological discussions relevant to Critical Discourse Analysis in that it extends these discussions to include psychoanalytical (as well as the more familiar phenomenological and ideological) depth explanations of lived illusion. Furthermore, this study is an experimental attempt to apply the concept of ‘meta-reflexivity’ in Critical Discourse Analysis.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-10T17:26:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia.pdf: 1384598 bytes, checksum: dfaa0cb0b7c5301a23838811a22bbfd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-22T19:28:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia.pdf: 1384598 bytes, checksum: dfaa0cb0b7c5301a23838811a22bbfd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia.pdf: 1384598 bytes, checksum: dfaa0cb0b7c5301a23838811a22bbfd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Neste trabalho é mostrado como a gestão dos resíduos sólidos gerados em Serviços de Saúde reflete a cultura adotada pela direção da Organização. Se permeada de ética ambiental, a cultura organizacional contribui para extrapolar a obediência à Legislação. O Serviço de Saúde cuja cultura organizacional esteja permeada de ética ambiental pode ser identificado por meio de critérios de comparação a um Modelo referencial teórico levantado na Revisão da Literatura. O propósito desta dissertação é elaborar um Instrumento que permita ao Serviço de Saúde efetuar esta comparação por meio de uma auto-avaliação do desempenho ambiental do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos gerados durante as suas diversas atividades. O método empregado nesta pesquisa utilizou estratégia qualitativa em duas fases: pesquisa documental e estudo de caso. Na pesquisa documental, do tipo exploratório, com caráter descritivoexplicativo, dados secundários foram levantados na revisão da literatura buscando relacionar o arcabouço conceitual, legal e normativo sobre Resíduo Sólido de Saúde, a partir de três eixos: meio ambiente, Serviços de Saúde e resíduos sólidos em geral. Os dados obtidos permitiram o estabelecimento de critérios e parâmetros para a avaliação do desempenho ambiental do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos gerados em Serviços de Saúde, enquanto que dados primários foram obtidos com base em entrevistas, visitas técnicas e consultas específicas a especialistas realizadas com profissionais da área de Direito Ambiental e Arquitetura hospitalar. Foi aplicada entrevista ao Hospital Alfa que subsidiou a composição do Instrumento. Foram efetuadas visitas técnicas que serviram como fonte primária de observação direta quanto ao manejo, edificação e, principalmente, quanto ao comprometimento da cultura organizacional com a ética ambiental. A partir dos dados levantados na etapa anterior, foram selecionados os critérios de avaliação. Estes critérios foram sistematizados em um Instrumento composto de uma matriz (MADA-GRSS), distribuída em critérios e requisitos de atendimento utilizando graduação de escala de atitude tipo Lickert. Os critérios selecionados foram: (1) liderança e responsabilidade; (2) conformidade legal; (3) adequação das instalações; (4) aquisição de bens e serviços; (5) capacitação, educação e conscientização; (6) emergências e contingências; (7) manejo: organização; (8) manejo: aspectos técnico-operacionais; (9) manejo: recursos humanos. Acompanha a matriz uma lista de verificação. O Estudo de Caso, correspondente à segunda fase da pesquisa qualitativa, foi utilizado para refinamento da Matriz. Nesta fase foi selecionada uma Unidade Amostral por amostragem intencional não probabilística típica, na qual foi testado o Instrumento. Obteve-se como resultado a confirmação da pertinência dos critérios considerados e a identificação de requisitos não contemplados, porém necessários para a comprovação dos critérios. Este instrumento pode funcionar como um espelho, retratando a situação das instituições quanto ao GRSS, identificando pontos de melhoria individuais e, aplicado em escala, retrataria o perfil das instituições no País. / Salvador

The thesis focuses on the draft project for the middle school age children. The theoretical part characterizes the children of the middle school age. Further, it describes moral thinking and the perception of values from the perspective of history. The next chapters are dedicated to the education towards values and environmental ethics. The practical part includes the didactical draft project. The draft contains activities, which help to develop ecological thinking together with the associated value system of an individual. The main idea of the whole project is the identification of the individual with nature as with himself. There are also used non-directive methods of moral education that help the individuals to realize the responsibility for their behavior on the Earth.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T12:08:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1390392 bytes, checksum: e82bdaec15ec8a00d47fb92affc72bac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T12:08:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1390392 bytes, checksum: e82bdaec15ec8a00d47fb92affc72bac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to investigate the conflicting elements of capitalism and to advocate for a prospective development model, with the BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa as the leading group in this process, through the dialectical method. In the present case, the dialectical cycle was constructed on the basis of the Kantian triple classification of human actions, according to the following opposition: thesis – capitalism is capable of promoting actions contrary to duty, so that this idea strengthens theories of economic decay; Antithesis - denies the previous thesis and states that capitalism is apt to promote actions from duty and in accordance with duty, so that it reinforces the theories of humanitarian or solidarity capitalism; Synthesis – rethinks the thesis and the antithesis by suggesting that capitalism is apt to promote actions from duty but not in accordance with duty, outlining a new thesis in which capitalist practices can conform to social and environmental ethics if they are defensively oriented toward satisfaction and maintenance of the own Mode of Production. For this, the present work uses as reference what is and what is not virtue for Immanuel Kant, to present a new ethical paradigm of the right to development that is in line with the current economic system and Bernard Mandeville‟s Fable of the Bees allegory. In the international context of governance, the extraordinary projections of growth, convergent interests, geopolitical strength and confluence of strategic factors, as well as heterogeneity, granted the member countries of the acronym BRICS the aptitude to implement this new program of sustainable development, including the escalation of power relations. However, the asymmetries that thrive among such nations of such peculiar nuances need to be remedied in order not to obscure a shared project and driven by the desire to improve the international panorama, under the focus of multilateralism. / A partir da utilização do método dialético, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar os elementos conflitantes do capitalismo e propugnar por um modelo de desenvolvimento prospectivo, tendo os países do BRICS – Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul como grupo dianteiro nesse processo. No presente caso, o ciclo dialético foi construído com base na classificação tríplice kantiana das ações humanas, nos moldes da seguinte contraposição: tese – o capitalismo é apto a promover ações contrárias ao dever, de modo que essa ideia robustece as teorias de decrescimento econômico; antítese – nega a tese anterior e afirma que o capitalismo é apto a promover ações conforme o dever e por dever, de modo que reforça as teorias de capitalismo humanitário ou solidário; síntese – repensa a tese e a antítese, ao sugerir que o capitalismo é apto a promover ações conforme o dever e não por dever, delineando uma nova tese em que as práticas capitalistas podem se conformar à ética socioambiental se voltadas defensivamente à satisfação e manutenção do próprio modo de produção. Para tanto, o presente trabalho utiliza-se como referência o que é e o que não é virtude para Immanuel Kant, para apresentar um novo paradigma ético do direito ao desenvolvimento que se coaduna com o sistema econômico vigente e que tem como alegoria a Fábula das Abelhas de Bernard Mandeville. No contexto internacional de governança, as projeções extraordinárias de crescimento, interesses convergentes, pujança geopolítica e confluência de fatores estratégicos, além da heterogeneidade, conferiram aos países integrantes do acrônimo BRICS aptidão para implementar esse novo programa de desenvolvimento sustentável, abalizado inclusive no escalonamento das relações de poder. No entanto, as assimetrias que vicejam entre tais nações de matizes tão peculiares precisam ser sanadas, a fim de não obscurecer um projeto compartilhado e tangido pela vontade de aprimorar o panorama internacional, sob o enfoque do multilateralismo.