The European migration crisis of 2015-2016 exposed a number of issues with the EU’s internal system for migration management, the Common European Asylum System. As a result the EU looked beyond its own borders to deal with what they had framed as a crisis. Amongst its responses were a number of external migration management agreements with third countries. Most notable and controversial was the EU-Turkey Statement. It was heavily criticised for things that were not new in external migration management agreements. Therefore, this thesis looks into how external migration management agreements changed with the migration crisis. Understanding the crisis as a framed situation in which the EU acted differently than normal, I will look at an external migration management agreement made during non-crisis—the Mobility Partnership with Moldova—and compare it to the EU-Turkey Statement made in said crisis. The similarities between these agreements show that the crisis accelerated a number of processes that had been going on in external migration management in the EU for years: informalisation and increasing focus on security. The differences show that in crisis the EU makes agreements hastily and as a result can loose its leverage over its negotiation partner.

This thesis explores agency in urban refugee spaces and the factors and skills seen to facilitate refugee journeys towards self-reliance in protracted situations. An ethnographic case study was carried out in Kampala, Uganda, where observations and conversations were held with refugee leaders, business owners, and with practitioners at refugee-led organizations. The reasoning is based on Hannah Arendt's notion on what it means to have agency and on wider connections to agency in relation to spaces, storytelling, resilience, and a sense of community. Hermeneutics was applied to the planning and execution of the research, while a narrative approach was adopted to exhibit the findings. The stories presented lay a foundation for proposing a new agency-led approach of how to critically reflect and rethink refugee support in ways that are cost-effective, ethical, and durable over time. This proposed agency-led approach was made by learning from the field and comprises four parts: (i) organizational resilience; (ii) meaningful ownership; (iii) meaningful representation; and (iv) meaningful participation. The new approach is presented to practitioners, potential donors, and those interested in learning how, but also why, we must rethink refugees as actors.

I denna uppsats undersöks språkets roll som ett verktyg och hur det används i integrationsprocesser. Detta baseras på en ideell förening Hej Blekinge och genom projektet språkvän hur de arbetar med att integrera nyanlända människor i samhället. Genom att använda Pierre Bourdieus kapitalformer kan ett nytt perspektiv belysa hur integration påverkas av vissa faktorer och hur det sker i praktiken. Tillsammans me tidigare forskning inom integration som är relevant för uppsatsen, språkets betydelse och ideella projektet hjälper uppsatsen att undersöka och skapa förståelse för integrationsprocesser i samhället. Med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer kan uppsatsen vidare undersöka vilken hjälp de nyanlända får genom att ta del av projektet språkvän. De centrala begreppen som används i uppsatsen är integration, nyanländ och inkludering.  En mängd aktörer i det svenska samhället arbetar med integration och en viktig aspekt som denna uppsats belyser är integrationsprocesser som denna uppsats fokuserar på är det ideella projektet språkvän och vilka strategier och utmaningar de möter när det gäller hur de arbetar med integration från språkväns volontärerna och projektledarens perspektiv. Genom att använda nya glasögon på ett problem genom kapitalformerna av Pierre Bourdieu kan betydelsen för integration förstås från en bredare vidd. / This essay examines the role of language as a tool and how it is used in integration processes. This is based on a non-profit association Hej Blekinge and through the language friend project how they work to integrate newly arrived people into society. By using Pierre Bourdieu`s forms of capital, a new perspective can shed light on how integration is a affected by certain factors and how it happens in practice. Together with previous research in integration that is relevant to the essay, the importance of language and non-profit projects, the essay helps to investigate and create an understanding of integration processes in society. With the help of qualitative interviews, the essay can further investigate what help the new arrivals get by taking part in the language friend project. The central concepts used in the essay are integration, newcomers and inclusion.  A variety of actors in Swedish society work with integration and an important aspect that this essay highlights are integration processes that are based on the project language friend in Blekinge. A demarcation that this essay highlights is integration processes that this essay focuses in is non-profit project language friend and what strategies and challenges they face in terms of how they work with integration from the perspective of the language friend volunteers and the project manager. By applying new glasses to a problem through the forms of capital bu Pierre Bourdieu, the meaning of integration can be understood from a wider perspective.

Denna studie – Integrationens mosaik – är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som undersöker boendesegregationen i Limhamn Sjöstad i Malmö, med fokus på stadens strategier för att skapa blandat boende. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka boendesegregation och hur blandat boende kan påverka samhällsintegrationen. Genom att tillämpa utvalda teorier som - grannskapseffekterna, social distance och white flight – strävar studien efter att belysa orsakerna till boendesegregation. Genom att analysera uttalanden från invånare i Limhamn Sjöstad kan vi se hur olika fenomen och attityder bidrar till och upprätthåller bostadssegregationen. Uttryck för otrygghet, social distans och kulturellt motstånd visar på de komplexa dynamikerna som präglar bostadsmarknaden och samhällsstrukturen. Resultaten visar att blandat boende kan ha många positiva effekter på längre sikt, inklusive minskad segregation, ökad social sammanhållning och skapande av jämlika ekonomiska förutsättningar. Komplikationer som socioekonomiska skillnader och kulturella normer förekommer, vilket kan leda till fortsatt segregation trots närvaron av blandat boende. En viktig slutsats är att Malmö stad behöver implementera åtgärder som främjar inkludering och samexistens över hela staden, inklusive investeringar i bostadsinfrastruktur och tillgång till utbildning och arbetsmöjligheter. Studien pekar på behovet av fortsatt forskning kring hur media påverkar uppfattningar om integrationsstrategier och dess inverkan på det politiska klimatet. / This study - The Mosaic of Integration - is a qualitative analysis examining residential segregation in Limhamn Sjöstad in Malmö, with a focus on the city's strategies for creating mixed housing. The purpose is to investigate residential segregation and how mixed housing can affect societal integration. By applying theories as - neighborhood effects, social distance and white flight - the study aims to illuminate the causes of residential segregation. By analyzing statements from residents in Limhamn Sjöstad, can we observe how different phenomena and attitudes contribute to housing segregation. Expressions of insecurity, social distance, and cultural resistance demonstrate the complex dynamics that characterize the housing market and social structure. The results indicate that mixed housing can have positive long-term effects, including reduced segregation, increased social cohesion, and the creation of equal economic opportunities. Complications such as socioeconomic differences and cultural norms occur, which can lead to continued segregation despite the presence of mixed housing. An important conclusion is that the Malmö needs to implement measures that promote inclusion and coexistence, including investments in housing infrastructure. The study highlights the need for research on how media influences perceptions of integration strategies and its impact on the political climate.

Denna kandidatuppsats studerar mångfaldsdiskursen i nationella läroplansdokument (Lgr22) och i relation till skollagstiftning. Detta genom kritisk diskursanalys (CDA), med grund i Norman Faircloughs diskursförståelse samt Jacques Derridas dekonstruktion genom Giovanna Borradoris modell. Även inslag av kritisk lingvistik förekommer när ordsamförekomster studeras. Det teoretiska ramverket omfattar diskursteori samt eurocentrism och kritisk syn på mångfald, vilket betonar arbetets IMER-positionering. Resultatet kodas utifrån identifierande begrepp och presenteras i teman: mångfald, kultur och "vårt samhälles gemensamma värderingar". Analysen påvisar att mångfaldsdiskursen i Lgr22 beskriver en ”kulturell mångfald” samt framkommer kopplingar till eurocentrism genom läroplansskrivelser som betonar ”det västerländska” nästan synonymt med ”det svenska”. Därefter skildras identifierade samband av kultur, diskurs och eurocentrism i en egen modell. I relation till skollagstiftning framkommer både lik- samt olikheter i innehåll, vilket även analyseras vidare. / This bachelor's thesis studies the diversity discourse in Swedish national curriculum documents (Lgr22) and in relation to school legislation. This through critical discourse analysis (CDA), based on Norman Fairclough's understanding of discourse and Jacques Derrida's deconstruction through Giovanna Borradori's model. Elements of critical linguistics are also present when word collocations are studied. The theoretical framework includes discourse theory as well as Eurocentrism and critical view of diversity, which emphasizes the IMER positioning of the work. The results are coded based on identifying terms and presented in themes: diversity, culture and "the common values of our society". The analysis shows that the diversity discourse in Lgr22 describe a "cultural diversity" and connections to Eurocentrism emerge through curriculum writings that emphasize "the West" almost synonymously with "the Swedish". Further on, identified conjunctions of culture, discourse and Eurocentrism are portrayed in an own model. In relation to school legislation, there are both similarities and differences in content, which are analyzed further.

Immigration is a debatable topic, and Sweden offers a unique context due to its long-established liberal immigration policies and recent political shifts, making it an ideal case study for understanding broader European trends. The current study explores changes in public attitudes toward immigrants in Sweden from 2012 to 2020 using data from the final five waves (from 2012 to 2020) of the European Social Survey (ESS). Employing multi-group analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), this research aims to identify how attitudes have shifted over the study period and to analyze significant demographic (age, gender, domicile) and socioeconomic (income, education) influences on immigration attitudes. The results reveal a shift from generally positive to more negative perceptions, particularly between 2018 and 2020. Older age groups and individuals from rural areas exhibited more negative attitudes, while females generally displayed more positive attitudes than males. Moreover, females with higher education and higher income levels also demonstrate more favorable attitudes. These findings are crucial for policymakers, as they highlight the need for strategies that address demographic influences and suggest specific areas where interventions can help reduce negative views and improve social cohesion.

This thesis examines the reactions to the Hamas attack on 7 October 2023 on the political left. The focus is on understanding how the German left’s responses differ from those of the global left and the extent to which these differences are influenced by the concept of "German guilt." The study employs content analysis of social media statements, guided by theoretical insights from Karl Jaspers' notion of metaphysical guilt and Moishe Postone's critique of violence against civilians. The findings reveal a distinct divergence in responses: while the German left uniformly condemned the violence, the global left displayed a wider range of reactions, including significant support framed as “resistance”. This thesis suggests that beneath the apparent national or ethnic differences, there lies a more fundamental divide grounded in Postone’s critique of the left’s approach to violence against civilians as a legitimate means to achieve progressive goals.

I dagens samhälle berör integrationspolitiken en av de viktigaste samhällsfrågorna för invånarna i Sverige men när det kommer till begreppet integration så finns det en tvetydighet kring begreppet och förhållningssättet. Vidare finns det också en diskursiv påverkan kring begreppet gjord av politiker. Syftet med uppsatsen utgår från att se hur diskursen kring integration hålls av vår nuvarande regering samt Sverigedemokraterna, om den håller sig till den teoretiska definitionen och vilken påverkan diskursen har över samhället. Den kommer att försöka besvara frågeställningarna ”Vilken diskurs kring integration förs av dagens regering och Sverigedemokraterna?” och ”Hur förhåller sig deras diskurser till teoretiska begreppsdefinitioner och teoretiska perspektiv?” samt ”Vad för påverkan kan den politiska diskursen kring integration ha när det kommer till samhället?”. Utifrån en diskursanalys inspirerad utifrån Foucaults förståelse av den har jag analyserat diskursen kring integration som visas på partiernas hemsidor samt i Tidöavtalet som de gemensamt skrivit. I användandet av teorier och teoretiska begrepp som berör integration kunde jag finna att den diskurs som analyseras egentligen inte förespråkar integration utan förespråkar assimilation samtidigt som den leder till en segregation i samhället mellan majoritetssamhället och minoritetssamhället. Min forskning visar alltså att dagens politiker använder ordet integration i deras politik men förespråkar en politik som inte är för integration. / Today, integration politics touches one of the most important social issues for the inhabitants of Sweden, but when it comes to the concept of integration, there is an ambiguity surrounding it and the way to approach it. Furthermore, there is also a discursive influence around integration made by politicians. The aim of the essay is based on seeing how the discourse around integration is held by our current government and the Swedish Democrats, whether it adheres to the theoretical definition and what impact the discourse has on society. It will try to answer the questions "Which discourse around integration is being held by today's government and the Swedish Democrats?" and "How do their discourses relate to theoretical conceptual definitions and theoretical perspectives?" and "What impact can this political discourse around integration have when it comes to society?". Based on a discourse analysis inspired by Foucault's understanding of it, I have analyzed the discourse around integration that appears on the parties' websites and in the Tidö-agreement that they jointly wrote. In the use of theories and theoretical concepts that concern integration, I could find that the discourse being analyzed does not really advocate integration but advocates assimilation. It also leads to a segregation in society between the majority society and the minority. My research thus shows that today's politicians use the word integration in their politics but advocate a policy that is not for integration.

This thesis explores how the tactics of intimidation, harrassment and criminalization impact the activists providing humanitarian assistance to migrants at the border between Poland and Belarus. Through an investigation of the relations of power between the authorities, the activists and the migrants, this study aims to understand the complex context of the border in which the activists provide the assistance. With the aim of exploring how the activists operate under the threat of criminalization, it makes a contribution to the emerging body of research on the phenomenon of criminalization of grass-roots humanitarian efforts, which has been on the rise in Europe and around the world. The findings reveal that as a result of the state imposed measures, such as heavy militarization and policing of the broder, as well as restrictions on freedom of movement and public access to information, the humanitarian aid is provided in an atmosphere of fear. Nevertheless, the desired effect of deterrence is not achieved, as the activists perceive providing aid as their duty.

Over 40% of the more than 100 million people displaced worldwide are children (UNHCR, 2023). Multicultural literature is used in classrooms to provide representation to and build empathy for children with diverse backgrounds. Books featuring refugee characters and experiences are increasing. The complexity of identities represented in these books is dominated by common tropes of trauma, helplessness, and a perilous journey. Identity complexities remain neglected in multicultural research. The emerging theory of RefugeeCrit forefronts authentic understanding of refugee experiences and complex identities (Strekalova-Hughes, 2019).This study undertakes a critical content analysis of three refugee-themed children’s books. By applying two critical visual methodologies—in constant conversation with RefugeeCrit—I analyzed how trauma, helplessness, agency, the journey, and anti-essentialized complex identities were represented. These tropes were embedded in the books explicitly and through implied interpretation, but glimpses of complex identities were also shown in original interactions between word and image. The results show the potential of RefugeeCrit to extract problematic representations and the continued importance of critical evaluations of representations in refugee-themed literature.