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In light of its past eugenic use, and its often irreversible nature, non-therapeutic sterilization, the result of which is to deprive an individual of his/her capacity to procreate, has always enjoyed a particular status and its use and legal status engendered debate, discussion and controversy. / The purpose of this dissertation is to determine under which conditions non-therapeutic sterilization can lawfully be performed under Canadian law. / Whereas the legality of non-therapeutic sterilization when voluntarily consented to by a competent individual is today established in all Canadian provinces, it appears that Quebec is the only province to allow non-therapeutic sterilization to be performed on an individual lacking through age and/or disability the necessary capacity to consent, common law provinces denying any beneficial aspects to the procedure. The law on involuntary non-therapeutic sterilization however lacks clarity, certainty and consistency, a legislative reform is therefore advocated.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation was developed with the Research Line Fronteira, Política e Sociedade at the Graduate Program in History at the Federal University of Santa Maria. And it is linked to the research project "História Intelectual, Historicidade e Processos de Identificação Cultural" as well as to the CNPQ Research Group "História Intelectual nos Séculos XIX e XX: Filosofia, Cultura, Política". The work counted with the funding of CAPES - Social Demand. During the analysis, reflections were made about the eugenize process of Brazilian society, its scientific influences and its delimitations to build a national eugenic community, and in the process, the discourse about "being woman" and its peripherals constituent. During the problematizations was taken into consideration the fact that the constitution of "being ideal" did not interfere only in physical / biological patterns, but also in moral and social behavior patterns, determining thereby the boundaries of belonging to the national community imagined. In this sense, was addressed the construction project of eugenic nation and the individual's role in society, ie who composes and who should be out of Brazil's social structure in the "I nation" organism to eugenicists intellectuals of the first half of XX century. From the analysis of some theses and publications related to eugenics in the period, using the methodology proposed by the Intellectual History, it was realized that, eugenicists sought to control, especially the biological constitution of the individual through interference for reproduction. This reflected directly on marriages being avoided marriages between the "degenerates" as well as in educational programs, often guided by eugenic purposes. Thus, the eugenic guidelines were placed as preventive actions related to health and well-being of society. We can then assert that the definitions of "being" between woman / man / individual in the construction process of the Brazilian national identification are correlated so that identification processes complement each other. / Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida junto à Linha de Pesquisa Fronteira, Política e Sociedade do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. E encontra-se vinculada ao Projeto de Pesquisa ―História Intelectual, Historicidade e Processos de Identificação Cultural‖, bem como ao Grupo de Pesquisa CNPQ ―História Intelectual nos Séculos XIX e XX: Filosofia, Cultura, Política‖. A elaboração do trabalho contou com financiamento CAPES – Demanda Social. No decorrer da análise, foram realizadas reflexões acerca do processo de eugenização da sociedade brasileira, suas influências científicas e suas delimitações para a construção de uma comunidade eugênica nacional, e, neste processo, o discurso sobre o ―ser mulher‖ e seus constitutivos periféricos. No decorrer das problematizações foi levado em consideração o fato de que a constituição do ser ideal não interferia apenas em padrões físico/biológicos, mas também, em padrões morais e comportamentos sociais, determinando-se assim, as fronteiras de pertencimento à comunidade nacional imaginada. Neste sentido, foi abordado o projeto de construção da nação eugênica e o papel do indivíduo na coletividade, ou seja, quem compõe e quem deve estar fora da estrutura social do Brasil no organismo do ―eu nacional‖ para os intelectuais eugenistas da primeira metade do século XX. A partir da análise de algumas teses e publicações relacionadas à eugenia no período, por meio da metodologia proposta pela História Intelectual, percebeu-se que, os eugenistas visavam o controle, sobretudo da constituição biológica do indivíduo através da ingerência à reprodução. Isso refletia diretamente sobre os casamentos, sendo evitados os matrimônios entre os ―degenerados‖, assim como nos programas educacionais, muitas vezes pautados pelos propósitos eugênicos. Dessa forma, as diretrizes eugênicas eram colocadas como ações preventivas ligadas à saúde e ao bem-estar da sociedade. Pode-se então, afirmar que as definições de ―ser‖ entre mulher/homem/indivíduo no processo de construção da identificação da nação brasileira se correlacionam de modo que, os processos de identificação se complementam.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-22T17:37:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PyetraCutrimDamasceno.pdf: 1114991 bytes, checksum: 11870d808d031aa4a00edfdc5d1bd055 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PyetraCutrimDamasceno.pdf: 1114991 bytes, checksum: 11870d808d031aa4a00edfdc5d1bd055 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / This present paper to understand psychiatric theories of the main theorical postulates hat developed on madness as well as understand the main principles of social medicine and eugenic political in the reconfiguration of urban spaces and the remodeling of the population's habits. We discuss the main restriction of actions of the spaces of the subjects considered crazy and how laws aimed at an organization of health care services, from the creation of alloys whose aim was to prevent the population of degeneration. The main problem revolves around the understanding of how these precepts arrived in São Luís and were used in the theory and practice of psychiatric Djalma Marques. The writings of Djalma Caldas Marques, in the "comments" of the journal "Pacotilha" are used as a place of diffusion of medical knowledge about mental illness and major medical discourse delivered in Brazil between the years 1920-1940. / O presente trabalho busca compreender as teorias psiquiátricas dos principais teóricos que desenvolveram postulados sobre a loucura, assim como entender os preceitos da medicina social e da política eugênica na reconfiguração dos espaços urbanos e no remodelamento dos hábitos da população. Discorremos sobre as principais ações de cerceamento dos espaços dos sujeitos considerados loucos e como as leis visavam a uma organização dos serviços de assistência à saúde, a partir da criação de Ligas cujo objetivo era prevenir a população da degeneração. A principal problemática gira em torno do entendimento de como esses preceitos chegaram em São Luís e foram utilizados na teoria e na prática psiquiátrica de Djalma Marques. Os escritos de Djalma Caldas Marques, na coluna “comentários” do periódico “Pacotilha” são utilizados como lócus de difusão de um saber médico acerca da alienação mental e dos principais discursos médicos proferidos no Brasil entre os anos de 1920-1940.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Frediano Teodoro.pdf: 2187368 bytes, checksum: 975366d3781c6a80d572caa971ad12a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The amazing technological advances in prenatal exams have reintroduced discussions on the right to abortion. The possibility of observing the development of the fetus since its early stages and being able to detect possible abnormalities in advance creates a new legal scenario involving the possibility of ending pregnancy before its term that is, abortion when doctors verify the existence of malformation that can make life outside the womb impossible. Since the early 1990 s, hundreds of court decisions have authorized the early ending of pregnancy in view of a serious fetal abnormality, mainly in the cases of anencephaly. The defenders of this new type of abortion, the so-called eugenic abortion, allege that the elimination of the fetus should be authorized as it does not stand any chances of surviving. Some define it as a stillborn child, thus creating an analogy between anencephaly and brain death. Moreover, they say that submitting a woman to withstand pregnancy of an anencephalic child can be compared to submitting her to cruel or degrading treatment, as, at the end of the nine-month term the child will die, which means the mother will suffer unbearable distress. The purpose of this work is to alert the defenders of eugenic abortion that the abnormal fetus is a living being and eliminating it on the grounds that it shows physical characteristics that do not meet the parents expectations is a crime aggravated by motivation based on prejudice and, further, it is the first step towards the implementation of a eugenic, racist policy, leading to the purification of the human race, which has been repelled by the Brazilian Constitution. / Com o espantoso avanço tecnológico dos exames pré-natais, reacende a discussão em torno do direito ao aborto. A possibilidade de se observar o desenvolvimento do feto, desde os seus primeiros momentos, e diagnosticar antecipadamente eventuais anomalias, cria uma situação jurídica nova sobre a possibilidade de interrupção da gravidez leia-se aborto quando constatadas deformidades que tornem o feto incompatível com a vida extra-uterina. Desde o início da década de 1990, centenas de decisões judiciais autorizaram a interrupção da gravidez em razão de grave anomalia fetal, principalmente nos casos de anencefalia. Os defensores dessa nova modalidade de aborto, o aborto eugênico, alegam que a eliminação do feto deve ser autorizada, pois ele não tem a mínima chance de sobreviver. Alguns chegam a defini-lo como natimorto, criando uma analogia entre a anencefalia e a morte cerebral. Além disso, afirmam que submeter a mulher a uma gravidez de um filho anencéfalo seria o mesmo que submetê-la a um tratamento cruel ou degradante, pois, ao final dos nove meses, seu filho irá perecer, o que significaria um enorme tormento para ela. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de alertar os defensores do aborto eugênico que o feto anômalo é um ser vivo e eliminá-lo, pelo fato de apresentar características físicas aquém das desejadas pelos seus pais, além de ser um crime agravado pela motivação de cunho preconceituoso, é o primeiro passo para a implantação de uma política eugênica, racista, de purificação da raça humana, rechaçada pela Constituição Federal brasileira.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-08T14:00:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Audrei Rodrigo Pizolati_.pdf: 2737318 bytes, checksum: d1de552055105af16eee0e0a18514067 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T14:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Audrei Rodrigo Pizolati_.pdf: 2737318 bytes, checksum: d1de552055105af16eee0e0a18514067 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa objetivou problematizar a articulação entre o discurso eugênico e a produtividade da ação preemptiva da educação, a fim de evitar o surgimento de anormalidades que venham a prejudicar o corpo social. Percebe-se que a questão educacional se desdobrou em torno da degenerescência, marcou, de certa maneira, os indivíduos em que os comprometimentos físicos e/ou intelectuais não permitiram mostrar os resultados da educação recebida. Para melhor compreendermos estas nuances, investiguei diferentes artigos, dissertações e teses sobre o tema, somado a isso, analisei também como esses discursos eugênicos circularam durante a I Conferência Nacional de Educação, realizada na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, no ano de 1927. Esse evento foi idealizado pela Associação Brasileira de Educação (fundada em 1924), e, dois anos depois, ocorreu o I Congresso Brasileiro de Eugenia. De certo modo, tais debates sobre a educação fomentaram a necessidade de se organizar algo desse porte para a sistematização da eugenia no Brasil, o que demonstra a imbricação entre ambos os temas (eugenia e educação) nesse contexto sociopolítico. Além da questão eugênica que apareceu de modo transversal em muitas teses, conceitos relativos aos cuidados com o corpo, matrimônio, maternidade, combate aos vícios, moral, educação sexual e criação da prole à luz da eugenia e da biologia também foram recorrentes no material. Isso demonstra claramente a imbricação entre o que os eugenistas propuseram à época para o aprimoramento do indivíduo e do corpo social e o que os educadores preconizaram naquele contexto para este mesmo fim. / The present research aimed to problematize the articulation between the eugenic discourse and the productivity of the preemptive action of education, in order to avoid the appearance of abnormalities that may harm the social body. It can be seen that the educational question has unfolded around the degeneracy, marked in a certain way the individuals in which the physical and / or intellectual commitments did not allow to show the results of the education received. In order to better understand these nuances, I investigated different articles, dissertations and theses on the subject. In addition, I also analyzed how these eugenic discourses circulated during the First National Conference of Education held in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, in 1927. This event was conceived by the Brazilian Association of Education (founded in 1924) two years later, the I Brazilian Congress of Eugenics (1929) took place. To a certain extent, such debates on education have instigated the need to organize something of this magnitude for the systematization of eugenics in Brazil, which demonstrates the overlap between both themes (eugenics and education) in this sociopolitical context. In addition to the eugenic question that appeared transversally in many theses, concepts related to body care, marriage, maternity, addictions, morals, sex education and offspring in the light of eugenics and biology also recurrent in the material. This clearly demonstrates the imbrication between what the eugenics proposed at the time for the improvement of the individual and the social body and what the educators advocated in that context for this very purpose.

La transmission prénatale du VIH de la mère à l’enfant est à l’origine de la majorité des infections à VIH/sida chez les nourrissons. En dépit du risque quasi omniprésent de faire naître des enfants infectés et de l’accès encore très limité aux thérapies antirétrovirales, le nombre des femmes séropositives menant leur grossesse à terme est en augmentation constante en Afrique subsaharienne. Motivée par ce constat empirique, l’étude aborde une gamme des questions juridiques et de bioéthique, pour certaines encore inédites, tiraillées entre désir légitime d’enfant (droit à l’enfant) et devoir de la société de mettre les futurs enfants à l’abri d’un handicap congénital prévisible reconnu comme incurable (droit de l’enfant). Fondamentalement, elle interroge le législateur sur la manière de saisir le risque biologique de transmission maternelle du VIH, sans rompre avec l’équilibre éthique nécessaire entre les droits et libertés fondamentaux de la femme ou mère séropositive et l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant à naître. À partir de l’exemple du droit congolais et suivant la démarche d’information comparative, l’étude s’attache à démontrer systématiquement que face à la forte probabilité de naître avec le VIH, la protection que les droits africains actuels apportent à l’enfant est insuffisante et, à certains égards, incohérente. Pour y remédier, elle préconise un nouveau paradigme de normativité fondé sur la philosophie de la recherche d’une conciliation éthique, qui n’apparaisse pas manifestement disproportionnée, entre l’autonomie de soi de la femme ou mère séropositive sur son corps et la responsabilité de ses choix en matière de santé de la reproduction. Ainsi, grâce à ses nombreuses propositions innovantes de refonte du droit, cette étude est-elle parvenue à contribuer, significativement, à la recherche d’outils théoriques nécessaires à l’émergence de nouveaux droits africains en ordre de bataille pour des générations futures sans sida. / Prenatal HIV transmission from mother to child is responsible for the majority of HIV / AIDS infections in infants. Despite the almost ubiquitous risk of infected children and still very limited access to antiretroviral therapy, the number of HIV-positive women who complete their pregnancies is increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa. Motivated by this empirical observation, the study tackles a range of legal and bioethical questions, some of which are still unpublished, torn between legitimate desire for children (right to the child) and society's obligation to protect future children against a predictable congenital disability recognized as incurable (right of the child). Fundamentally, it questions the legislator on how to capture the biological risk of maternal HIV transmission without breaking the necessary ethical balance between the fundamental rights and freedoms of the HIV-positive woman or mother and the best interests of the unborn child. Using the example of Congolese law and following the comparative information approach, the study seeks to systematically demonstrate that, in the face of the high probability of being born with HIV, the protection that the current African rights bring to the child is insufficient and, in some respects, incoherent. To remedy this, she advocates a new paradigm of normativity based on the philosophy of seeking an ethical reconciliation which does not appear to be manifestly disproportionate between the autonomy of the woman or mother who is HIV-positive on her body and the responsibility of its choices in reproductive health. Thus, thanks to its many innovative proposals for the revision of the law, has this study managed to contribute significantly to the search for theoretical tools necessary for the emergence of new African rights in order of battle for future generations without AIDS.

Diploma thesis "Nazi ideology in relation to mentally ill people" focuses on starting points and ideas of this ideology, which in its consequences led to social exclusion and subsequent systematic extermination of people with a certain handicap. Although the thesis is limited in time from 1933 - 1945, it also follows development line of selected scientific disciplines, which were significantly reflected in the Nazi ideology. Primarily it concerns historical science, medical disciplines, genetics, racial hygiene, eugenic origins and other related disciplines. The thesis also takes into account the economic situation of that time with its many social problems which arose as a result of the new geopolitical arrangement after the World War I and the changes in the social world of that period and it also captures the process of changes in the social status of mentally ill people in the course of history. Last but not least, it describes the practical consequences of these changes, which were "forced sterilization" and "euthanasia" of both children and adults. The Nazi ideology is viewed in this regard from three perspectives: legal, theoretical with a broader historical context and on the practical level in the form of the consequences of the two previous perspectives. Key words: nazi ideology, mental...