The notion that pregnancy can, for some women, be a time of unhappiness and depression has only recently been recognized in media and by the general public. Researchers and clinicians have begun to study antenatal depression with regards to prevalence, associated factors, and treatment. Most of the research regarding antenatal depression has been quantitative in method. Qualitative inquiry would provide the rich description of womens lived experience and meaning of antenatal depression. A hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted with six women who scored 10, 11, or 12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, indicating mild to moderate symptoms of depression. Participants were interviewed individually regarding their experiences of depression during pregnancy. Data generated in the form of transcripts were analyzed and five themes emerged: disconnection vs. new connection and/or reconnection; loss of identity vs. new identity; fatigue and illness vs. vitality and wellness; anxiety and insecurity vs. confidence and security; and sadness and hopelessness vs. joy and expectation. The overarching shared meaning of these experiences was ambivalence. Findings provided rich, thick descriptions of the lived experience and meaning of antenatal depression. Future research and implications for counselling practice are discussed.

The notion that pregnancy can, for some women, be a time of unhappiness and depression has only recently been recognized in media and by the general public. Researchers and clinicians have begun to study antenatal depression with regards to prevalence, associated factors, and treatment. Most of the research regarding antenatal depression has been quantitative in method. Qualitative inquiry would provide the rich description of womens lived experience and meaning of antenatal depression. A hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted with six women who scored 10, 11, or 12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, indicating mild to moderate symptoms of depression. Participants were interviewed individually regarding their experiences of depression during pregnancy. Data generated in the form of transcripts were analyzed and five themes emerged: disconnection vs. new connection and/or reconnection; loss of identity vs. new identity; fatigue and illness vs. vitality and wellness; anxiety and insecurity vs. confidence and security; and sadness and hopelessness vs. joy and expectation. The overarching shared meaning of these experiences was ambivalence. Findings provided rich, thick descriptions of the lived experience and meaning of antenatal depression. Future research and implications for counselling practice are discussed.

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit den grammatischen und semantischen Kontexten enumerativer 'there-existentials' im Englischen. Mithilfe von Korpusbelegen werden die Auftretenskontexte näher bestimmt. Im Anschluss werden die Ergebnisse anhand Mira Ariels 'Accessibility Theory' gegengeprüft und interpretiert. / This paper seeks to analyze the grammtical and semantic contexts of enumerative 'there-existentials' in English. By using corpus data, the contextual environment of there-extistantials' will be defined more closely. Afterwards, the results will be checked and interpreted againts Mira Ariel's 'Accessibility Theory'.

<p>Studien utforskade de närståendes livsvärld när partnern drabbats av Alzheimers sjukdom. Deras livsvärld och existentiella villkor var i fokus. Studien utgick från ett existentiellt fenomenologiskt tolkande perspektiv. Den teoretiska grunden bestod av ett tänkande kring de närståendes livsvärld utifrån fyra existentialer: det levda rummet, den levda tiden, den levda kroppen och den levda relationen. Datainsamling skedde utifrån Max van Manens utforskande intervjuer med tio närstående, fem kvinnor och fem män i yrkesverksam ålder 40 till 64 år, de levde alla tillsammans med en partner som fått sin diagnos för ett år sedan eller längre. Data analyserades genom att lyssna igenom de digitala inspelningarna flera gånger, transkribering av desamma och genomläsning av de utskrivna texterna, nya genomlyssningar och genomläsningar. Analysen utvecklades genom en hermeneutisk, fenomenologisk reflektion beskriven av van Manen. Studiens resultat kategoriserades och dessa analyserades sedan i fyra delar utifrån de fyra existentialerna. Resultatet visade att upplevelsen av den levda tiden blev annorlunda mot tidigare då framtiden fick stå tillbaka för nuet, som var det som de närstående måste förhålla sig till för att vardagen skulle fungera. Det levda rummets aspekter förändrades utifrån skyddsaspekten och nya roller inom familjen. Den levda kroppen krävde egen återhämtning och längtade efter närhet. Den levda relationen förändrades, när upplevelsen av närhet och behovet av distans ändrades. De existentiella villkoren förändrades radikalt och nya strategier gav en ny livsstil i en förändrad och sammanflätad livsvärld.</p> / <p>The study explored the lifeworld of being a partner to a person with Alzheimer’s disease. Lived experience and existential conditions were focused. The study has an existential phenomenological hermeneutic perspective. The theoretical underpinnings consist of thinking of lifeworld by means of four life existentials: lived space, lived body, lived time and lived relations. Data collection was done by Max van Manens reflective dialog interview with ten respondents, five women and five men at age between 40 and 64, living with a partner who had had their diagnosis the last year or longer. Data analyses took place listening and re-listening the recorded interviews, transcribing, reading and re-reading the texts. The analysis evolved through hermeneutic, phenomenological reflection described by van Manen. The result of the study was categorized and the analysis was done in four parts following the four life existentials. The result showed that lived time is different than before since the future has to stand back in favour of here and now in order to be able to cope with everyday life. The lived space changed to secure the partner and everyday roles changed in the family. The lived body needed to rest and longed for closeness. The lived relation changed when the need of closeness and distance changed. The existential conditions changed radically and a new way of living was found in new strategies in a changed and interlaced lifeworld.</p>

Studien utforskade de närståendes livsvärld när partnern drabbats av Alzheimers sjukdom. Deras livsvärld och existentiella villkor var i fokus. Studien utgick från ett existentiellt fenomenologiskt tolkande perspektiv. Den teoretiska grunden bestod av ett tänkande kring de närståendes livsvärld utifrån fyra existentialer: det levda rummet, den levda tiden, den levda kroppen och den levda relationen. Datainsamling skedde utifrån Max van Manens utforskande intervjuer med tio närstående, fem kvinnor och fem män i yrkesverksam ålder 40 till 64 år, de levde alla tillsammans med en partner som fått sin diagnos för ett år sedan eller längre. Data analyserades genom att lyssna igenom de digitala inspelningarna flera gånger, transkribering av desamma och genomläsning av de utskrivna texterna, nya genomlyssningar och genomläsningar. Analysen utvecklades genom en hermeneutisk, fenomenologisk reflektion beskriven av van Manen. Studiens resultat kategoriserades och dessa analyserades sedan i fyra delar utifrån de fyra existentialerna. Resultatet visade att upplevelsen av den levda tiden blev annorlunda mot tidigare då framtiden fick stå tillbaka för nuet, som var det som de närstående måste förhålla sig till för att vardagen skulle fungera. Det levda rummets aspekter förändrades utifrån skyddsaspekten och nya roller inom familjen. Den levda kroppen krävde egen återhämtning och längtade efter närhet. Den levda relationen förändrades, när upplevelsen av närhet och behovet av distans ändrades. De existentiella villkoren förändrades radikalt och nya strategier gav en ny livsstil i en förändrad och sammanflätad livsvärld. / The study explored the lifeworld of being a partner to a person with Alzheimer’s disease. Lived experience and existential conditions were focused. The study has an existential phenomenological hermeneutic perspective. The theoretical underpinnings consist of thinking of lifeworld by means of four life existentials: lived space, lived body, lived time and lived relations. Data collection was done by Max van Manens reflective dialog interview with ten respondents, five women and five men at age between 40 and 64, living with a partner who had had their diagnosis the last year or longer. Data analyses took place listening and re-listening the recorded interviews, transcribing, reading and re-reading the texts. The analysis evolved through hermeneutic, phenomenological reflection described by van Manen. The result of the study was categorized and the analysis was done in four parts following the four life existentials. The result showed that lived time is different than before since the future has to stand back in favour of here and now in order to be able to cope with everyday life. The lived space changed to secure the partner and everyday roles changed in the family. The lived body needed to rest and longed for closeness. The lived relation changed when the need of closeness and distance changed. The existential conditions changed radically and a new way of living was found in new strategies in a changed and interlaced lifeworld.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / People often do not want to hear, talk or read about cancer. Cancer is arguably one of the most feared illnesses and maybe rightly so for it is usually associated with pain, fear,uncertainty, anxiety, long uncomfortable treatments and death. To receive a diagnosis of cancer must be absolutely devastating especially when you are in a developmental stage where you are already battling with issues such as self-esteem, body image, independence and career choices. The current study explored the lived experiences of adolescents who have or had cancer and how this experience impacted on their lives. Six adolescent cancer patients from the cancer unit in a public hospital were interviewed. The sample was purposively drawn and the majority of the interviews were conducted at the homes of the participants. Phenomenology was used both as a theoretical framework as well as a means of analysing data. Using the descriptive phenomenological method employed by Giorgi,four essential themes emerged from the data. The themes included (1) Unexpected change of everyday life means experiencing the unfamiliar (2) Experiencing a changed body, (3) Experiencing the support of significant others and (4) Anticipating a future. The themes were explained in terms of the four existentials of Van Manen which is lived space, lived body, lived other and lived time. The study revealed that although the initial diagnosis of cancer came as a shock to the participants and their families, they were able to deal with the inevitable changes that accompanied the diagnosis mainly as a result of the support they received from family and friends. Their initial fear of death were replaced with an ardent pursue of their dreams for the future.

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Women in the Province of Manitoba are discharged daily from provincial jails back to their communities after an interruption in their lives of anywhere from days to years. Many of these women cycle in and out of jail on a regular basis. This hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the daily lifeworlds of re-imprisoned women during their return to the community. Twelve women (nine Aboriginal, three Caucasian) were interviewed. Analysis of the study themes using van Manen’s existentials: temporality, spatiality, relationality, and corporeality revealed the complex multi-systemic issues that affect women’s lived experiences. The essence of the women’s accounts provides some insight into how the role of intergenerational, personal trauma and accumulated trauma impacted their lived experiences and continues to do so when they re-enter the community. The opportunities and options that women had to make positive life changes were obscured by insidious barriers and challenges impairing their ability to avoid re-imprisonment. / May 2016

This diploma thesis examines English have-presentative sentences and their Czech translational counterparts. Have-presentative sentences have a similar function to there- existentials, i.e. they introduce a new element on the scene. From the FSP point of view, the subject is context-dependent in these sentences and serves thus as a rheme, e.g. We have a long trip ahead of us (Ebeling 2000: 1) or The tree has a nest in it (Ebeling 2000: 228). The possessive meaning of have is weakened in these sentences and could be thus described as existential, which is possible to attest by the means of alternative there-construction (There's a long trip ahead of us.; There's a nest in the tree.). The theoretical part summarizes the treatment of have in various grammar books, its semantics and diverse functions. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP) as defined by Firbas (1992) and explore different presentative constructions with emphasis on have- and there-presentatives. Finally, it describes the Czech verb mít - its semantics and function, and explores FSP with regard to Czech. The aim of the analysis was to gather 200 examples of have-presentatives extracted from the Czech-English parallel corpus InterCorp v10, examine its Czech translational counterparts and...

This research main goal is to analyze the variable behavior of the Portuguese verbs ter and haver existentials in the written language of secondary school children in the city of Maceió. For this purpose, we take as basis the theoretical fundamentals of the Linguistic Variation Theory (LABOV, 1983), that attempts to investigate, explain and describe the degree of variation of the variable linguistic elements, establishing the relationship between linguistic and social factors and language use. The data for this study were collected in a State School of the capital of the state of Alagoas in Brazil. It comprises of 160 textual productions stratified according to informers' schooling. As we were dealing with mathematical methods, the software package VARBRUL was used for quantitative analysis of the data. Thence linguistic analysis was carried out based on linguistic and social variables, namely, textual theme, textual type, verb tense, animacity of the NS object, nature of the NS object, informers' schooling and gender. Based on the results obtained, we found out that not only is there the variation of ter/haver existentials in the analyzed corpus and that the verb ter is much more extensively used verb haver , but also that such variation is conditioned by schooling and verb tense. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A presente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo analisar o comportamento variável dos verbos ter e haver existenciais na língua escrita de alunos dos ensinos fundamental e médio da cidade de Maceió. Para tanto, tomamos como base os pressupostos teóricos da Teoria da Variação Lingüística (LABOV, 1983), que procura investigar, explicar e descrever o grau de variação de elementos lingüísticos variáveis, estabelecendo a relação entre fatores lingüísticos e sociais e o uso da língua. O corpus utilizado foi coletado numa escola estadual da rede pública de ensino do estado de Alagoas, localizada na cidade de Maceió e é constituído de 160 produções textuais, estratificadas de acordo com a escolaridade e o sexo dos informantes. Por trabalhar com modelos matemáticos, utilizamos o pacote de programas VARBRUL, responsável pela análise quantitativa dos dados e a partir daí, fizemos a análise lingüística com base em variáveis lingüísticas e sociais, a saber, tema textual, tipo textual, tempo verbal, animacidade do SN objeto, natureza do SN objeto, escolaridade e sexo. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, constatamos não só que há variação ter e haver existenciais no corpus analisado e que o uso de ter é bem maior do que o de haver, como também que tal variação é condicionada pelos fatores escolaridade e tempo verbal.