La presente memoria se enmarca en el contexto de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio realizado en torno a las percepciones y representaciones que los/las promotores sociales del Programa Puente (definidos técnicamente como Apoyos Familiares) tienen en relación a las principales condicionantes que definen su práctica laboral.

[pt] Técnicas de visualização científica criam imagens na tentativa de revelar estruturas e fenômenos complexos. Técnicas ilustrativas têm sido incorporadas aos sistemas de visualizacão científica para melhorar a expressividade de tais imagens. A visualização de linhas caracteríticas é uma técnica importante para transmitir uma melhor informacão sobre a forma das superfícies. Neste trabalho, propomos combinar visualização volumétrica de malhas não estruturadas com isosuperfícies ilustradas. Isto é feito estendendo um algoritmo de traçado de raio em GPU para incorporar ilustração com linhas de variação extrema da iluminação(photic extremum lines), um tipo de linha característica que captura mudanças bruscas de luminância, revelando formas de um jeito perceptualmente correto. / [en] Scientic visualization techniques create images attempting to reveal complex structures and phenomena. Illustrative techniques have been incorporated to scientic visualization systems in order to improve the expressiveness of such images. The rendering of feature lines is an important technique for better depicting surface shapes and features. In this thesis, we propose to combine volume visualization of unstructured meshes with illustrative isosurfaces. This is accomplished by extending a GPU-based ray-casting algorithm to incorporate illustration with photic extremum lines, a type of feature lines able to capture sudden changes of luminance, conveying shapes in a perceptually correct way.

Orientador: Auro Aparecido Mendes / Banca: Sílvia Selingardi-Sampaio / Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira de Godoy / Banca: Pierre Alves Costa / Banca: Eli Fernando Tavano Toledo / Resumo: A compreensão das mudanças recentes na repartição geográfica das unidades produtivas demanda a abordagem multiescalar dos eventos que condicionam a dinâmica locacional das indústrias nas diferentes escalas geográficas. Na escala global, a internacionalização do capital e da produção, a reestruturação produtiva das empresas e a globalização acentuaram a disjunção espacial do processo produtivo e possibilitaram a conformação de circuitos espaciais de produção e de círculos de cooperação coordenados pelas multinacionais. Simultaneamente, a desconcentração industrial e a guerra fiscal dos lugares integraram novas áreas ao processo produtivo, modificando o padrão regional de distribuição das indústrias no Brasil. Tais processos aprofundaram a divisão territorial do trabalho da indústria na direção de algumas cidades pequenas brasileiras, tradicionalmente concebidas como últimos elos na transição urbano-rural e associadas às atividades agrícolas. Nesse sentido, a implantação de grandes indústrias nacionais e internacionais em Extrema, nas últimas décadas, revela a complexidade crescente das relações e do espaço industrial no Brasil. De modo geral, os grandes investimentos da indústria foram motivados pela localização estratégica da cidade, às margens da Rodovia Fernão Dias (BR 381), pelos baixos salários e pelos esforços de diversos agentes sociais - Governo de Minas Gerais, Prefeitura Municipal de Extrema, sindicato patronal etc. - na criação de condições propícias para o desenvol... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The understanding of the recent changes in the geographical distribution of productive units demands the multiscale approach of the events that condition the locational dynamics of the industries in the different geographic scales. At the global scale, the internationalization of capital and production, the productive restructuring of enterprises and globalization have accentuated the spatial disjunction of the productive process and enabled the formation of space production circuits and cooperation circles coordinated by multinationals. Simultaneously, the industrial de-concentration and fiscal war of the places integrated new areas to the productive process, modifying the regional pattern of distribution of the industries in Brazil. Such processes have deepened the territorial division of labor in the industry towards some small Brazilian towns, traditionally conceived as the last links in urban-rural transition and associated with agricultural activities. In this sense, the implantation of large national and international industries in Extrema in recent decades reveals the increasing complexity of relations and industrial space in Brazil. In general, the great investments of the industry were motivated by the strategic location of the small town, on the margins of Fernão Dias Highway (BR 381), the low salaries and the efforts of various social agents - Minas Gerais Government, Extrema City Hall, employers etc. - creating favorable conditions for industrial development in t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This paper includes a study of the mutual fund market investors during a selected time period. The reader is given a descriptive picture of how people in different age groups have  acted  in  conjunction  with  the  last  major  financial  crisis.  It  has  been  studied whether people in the different age categories have saved, purchased or sold during this time  period  based  on  theories  and  analytic  material  from  one  of  the  largest  fund operators in Sweden. The result enlightens people’s activity and risk appetite in relation to the fund market. The essay results in an explanation of the underlying cause of the behavior        of         the         people         in         the         different         age         categories. The paper assumes that the market is cyclical and that more crises will occur in the future. The most recent crisis developed during the years 2007-2008 and has therefore been  selected  to  represent  the  analyzed  period.  Among  other  things,  a  general hypothesis  was  applicable  to  recurring  tendency  of  nonprofessional  retail  client  in extreme market situations to buy fund shares at a high value and sell them at low value in the market. The starting point was to criticize this hypothesis, which clearly turned out   to   be   in   favor   for   one   of   the   mutual   funds   that   have   been   observed. The result shows that more people in the middle age save more than those in their young years as well as those in the retirement age. The conclusion of the study shows that when this crisis occurred there were no major withdrawals from any of the mutual funds. In fact the sales transaction was reduced in the period of time from the peak of the stock market in 2007 to the time market touched the ground in 2008. / I denna uppsats undersöks fondmarknadens investerare under en vald tidsperiod. Läsaren ges en beskrivande bild av hur personer i olika ålderskategorier har agerat i samband med den senaste stora finanskrisen. Det har studerats, med stöd av teorier och analysmaterial från en av Sveriges största fondaktörer, huruvida personer i de olika ålderskategorierna har sparat under denna period. Resultatet belyser personers aktivitet och riskbenägenhet i förhållande till fondmarknaden. Uppsatsen mynnar ut i en förklaring till vad som är och kan vara bakomliggande orsaker till beteendet hos personerna i de olika ålderskategorierna. Undersökningen utgår från att marknaden är cyklisk och att fler kriser kommer uppkomma i framtiden. Den senaste krisen ägde rum under år 2007-2008 och har därför valts ut för att representera den tidsperiod som avser att analyseras. Bland annat har en generell hypotes testats gällande att icke-professionella kunder har en återkommande tendens att i extrema marknadslägen köpa vid uppgång och sälja vid nedgång i de utvalda tillväxtmarknadsfonderna. Utgångspunkten var i detta hänseende att förkasta denna hypotes, vilket tydligt visade sig stämma i en av de fonder som studerats. Resultatet visar i korthet att fler personer i medelåldern investerar mer än de i ungdomens år och pensionsåldern. Slutsatsen av undersökningen visar på att när detta krisläge uppstod skedde inga större uttag ur någon av fonderna. De facto minskar säljtransaktionerna överlag från toppnoteringen på börsen under år 2007 till bottennoteringen år 2008.

Este trabajo de tesis se realiza con el objetivo de crear un sistema colaborativo que permita mejorar la planificación operativa de la iglesia bautista fundamental “GRACIA”, y sea capaz de administrar las eventos , como un asistente personal. Desde hace tiempo, la organización tiene problemas respecto a la planificación de sus eventos , debido a que su planificación de eventos se realiza de manera manual, ocasionando que a veces los materiales se desperdicien, o que haya demasiados participantes a un evento que en otro, produciendo un descoordinación entre los miembros. Para ello, se consiguieron datos directamente de la realidad aplicando una serie de técnicas de levantamiento de datos, como la entrevista realizada a algunos de los miembros de la iglesia y la observación directa, también, se obtuvo datos secundarios por medio de consultas a otras investigaciones, textos y expertos del área. De esta forma se planteó analizar y explicar los problemas y efectos que se produce por una incorrecta o inadecuada planificación. Por ello se plantea realizar un sistema colaborativo usando la metodología Extreme Programming (XP), y de esta forma poder disminuir el riesgo de desorganización, minimizar el error a la hora de asignar materiales y eventos, recortar el tiempo de planificación, facilitar la distribución de materiales o contenidos de manera rápida y recordar los eventos a realizarse, a través de una investigación cuasi experimental.

Este trabajo de investigación se inició con la intención de diseñar una carta de pedidos que sirva para colaborar en la mejora de las ventas del restaurante “La Farola” con ayuda del modelo que proporciona la Ingeniería del Menú como un instrumento que calcula en técnicas de marketing, cuáles son las preferencias y exigencias que el consumidor tiene con la finalidad de rediseñar los platos del restaurante y ayudar en el proceso de ventas. Esta idea fue propuesta basándose en la incertidumbre de donde, como y que debería ir en la carta de pedidos para hacerla rentable ya que esta es la herramienta principal para maximizar las ventas y ganancias, por ende, la mayoría una gran parte del éxito de la empresa depende de la popularidad y rentabilidad de los platos ofrecidos en la carta del restaurante. Con la implementación de la solución, desarrollada con la metodología XP, donde se uso la investigación cuasi-experimental de variables en su antes y después, se pudo saber el estado actual de los platos y mejorar estos; finalmente, se comprobó que, utilizando el modelo de la ingeniería del menú, la mejora en las ventas aumento en un 35% en el restaurante “La Farola”.

The main purpose of the study is to investigate teachers' treatment of students who express extreme beliefs. The study also intends to compare educators' treatment of students with right- and left-wing extreme views based on profession, level of education and possible professional experience. The study has been designed based on a qualitative method in the form of a vignette study. The survey consisted of eight interviews with teachers with different backgrounds from different institutions of higher learning. The collected data was analyzed with a thematic analysis where three themes emerged, teachers' reactions and stance towards the students' extreme views, the value base of the education and differences in the response. The results have been analyzed using previous research and Foucault's power of knowledge and the theory of Biesta's three dimensions of education. The results show that left-wing extremist views are more accepted than right-wing extremists in an academic environment, and that teachers lack clear action planning and guidelines in how they should respond to students who express extreme views. It also emerged that laws and practices serve as a handbook for the students during their education but also as social workers to carry out the work in a legally secure manner. All the teachers feel that the social work program did not have special values that speak about how social work students should relate to attitudes and opinions.

Till följd av ett förändrat klimat stiger havsnivåerna och extrema väderhändelser blir allt vanligare, vilket i sin tur kommer innebära en ökad översvämningsrisk. Anpassningsarbetet sker huvudsakligen på lokal nivå, då nationell styrning saknas och kommunerna själv planerar sin mark i översiktsplaner och har kommunalt självstyre. Avsaknad av nationella strategier och finansiering gör att kommunens egen kapacitet anses vara avgörande för klimatanpassningen på lokal nivå. Kommunens förmåga att klimatanpassa anses utgöras av den egna anpassningskapaciteten som är bestående och avgörs av lokala tillgängliga faktorer i form av; kunskap och medvetenhet, politiskt engagemang, socialt och humant kapital, samt ekonomiska resurser. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Malmö kommuns anpassningsarbete kring översvämningar som orsakas av en höjning av havsnivån och extremväder ser ut för framtiden. Studien bygger på en fallstudie över Malmö kommuns klimatanpssningsarbete i översvämningsfrågan. Det har gjorts en kartläggning över riskerna med dessa effekter av ett förändrat klimat och hur kommunen skall arbeta mot dessa risker. Samt vilka svårigheter och behov som finns för anpassningsarbetet. Begreppen anpassningskapacitet och resiliens har använts för att analysera och föra en diskussion kring Malmös klimatanpssningsarbete. Studien visar att anpassning lokalt har svårigheter och utmaningar som rör kommunen inom sitt klimatarbete. Att klimatanpassa är till stor del en prioriteringsfråga, en ekonomisk fråga och en ansvarsfråga inom kommunen med avvägningar som måste göras mellan lokala målsättningar samt med nationella intressen. Malmö kommun ser svårigheter med att kunna anpassa till ett förändrat klimat då finansiering saknas och att det sker interna intressekonflikter mellan kommunens förvaltningar. Osäkra prognoser som sträcker sig över lång tid samt kunskapsluckor har gjort att skyfall och nederbörd är prioriterat i Malmös klimatarbete idag. Studien visar ett antal förbättringsförslag som kommunen samt nationella myndigheter kan arbeta med som kan utveckla anpassningsarbetet. Roller, ansvar och finansiering måste klargöras. Vägledning och stöd från myndigheter måste vara tydligare och stötta den lokala anpassningen i form av förbättring av den nuvarande lagstiftningen och att klyftan mellan nationell och lokal nivå minskar. Kommunen ser behovet av samsyn och att lokala aktörer involveras för att förbättra anpassningen. Kompetenshöjning och samlande av kommunens egen kunskap samt information till samhällets övriga aktörer anses vara ett sätt att få ett mer effektivt klimatanpassningsarbete och därmed höja den egna anpassningskapaciteten. / As a result of climate change rising sea levels and extreme weather events are becoming more common, which in turn will mean an increased flood risk. Customization work takes place mainly at local level, in which national governance is lacking and municipalities have planned their land in master plans and local self-government. Lack of national strategies and financing will allow the municipality's own capacity is considered to be crucial for climate change adaptation at the local level. The municipality's ability to adjust the climate is considered to be their own adaptive capacity that is enduring and is determined by local factors available in the form of; knowledge and awareness, political participation, social and human capital, and financial resources. The purpose of the study is to investigate the Malmö municipality adaptation efforts around the flooding caused by sea level rise and extreme weather looks to the future. The study is based on a case study of Malmö municipality klimatanpssningsarbete in flood issue. It has made a survey of the risks associated with these effects of a changing climate and how the municipality should work against these risks. As well as the difficulties and needs for adaptation work. The concepts of adaptive capacity and resilience has been used to analyze and exchange views on Malmö's klimatanpssningsarbete. The study shows that adaptation locally difficulties and challenges related to the municipality in its climate. Climate adaptation is largely a priority issue, an economic issue and a liability in the municipality with the trade-offs that must be made between local objectives and national interests. Malmö sees difficulties to adapt to a changing climate when funding is available and that there is internal conflict of interest between municipal administrations. Uncertain forecasts that extend over a long period of time and knowledge gaps have been made to downpour and the rain are given priority in Malmö's climate work today. The study shows a number of suggested improvements as the municipality and the national authorities can work with who can develop adaptation measures. Roles, responsibilities and funding must be clarified. Guidance and support from the authorities must be clearer and support local adaptation in the form of improvement of the current legislation, and that the gap between the national and local level decreases. The municipality sees the need for consensus and local stakeholders involved in order to improve the alignment. Capacity building and unifying of the municipality's own knowledge and information to society's other players are considered to be a way to get a more effective climate adaptation work and thus increase their adaptive capacity.

Les codes correcteurs d’erreurs Non-Binaires Low Density Parity Check (NB-LDPC) sont connus pour avoir de meilleure performance que les codes LDPC binaires. Toutefois, la complexité de décodage des codes non-binaires est bien supérieure à celle des codes binaires. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer de nouveaux algorithmes et de nouvelles architectures matérielles de code NB-LDPC pour le décodage des NBLDPC. La première contribution de cette thèse consiste à réduire la complexité du nœud de parité en triant en amont ses messages d’entrées. Ce tri initial permet de rendre certains états très improbables et le matériel requis pour les traiter peut tout simplement être supprimé. Cette suppression se traduit directement par une réduction de la complexité du décodeur NB-LDPC, et ce, sans affecter significativement les performances de décodage. Un modèle d’architecture, appelée "architecture hybride" qui combine deux algorithmes de l’état de l’art ("l’Extended Min Sum" et le "Syndrome Based") a été proposé afin d’exploiter au maximum le pré-tri. La thèse propose aussi de nouvelles méthodes pour traiter les nœuds de variable dans le contexte d’une architecture pré-tri. Différents exemples d’implémentations sont donnés pour des codes NB-LDPC sur GF(64) et GF(256). En particulier, une architecture très efficace de décodeur pour un code de rendement 5/6 sur GF(64) est présentée. Cette architecture se caractérise par une architecture de check node nœud de parité entièrement parallèle. Enfin, une problématique récurrente dans les architectures NB-LDPC, qui est la recherche des P minimums parmi une liste de taille Ns, est abordée. La thèse propose une architecture originale appelée first-then-second minimum pour une implantation efficace de cette tâche. / The Non-Binary Low Density Parity Check (NB-LDPC) codes constitutes an interesting category of error correction codes, and are well known to outperform their binary counterparts. However, their non-binary nature makes their decoding process of higher complexity. This PhD thesis aims at proposing new decoding algorithms for NB-LDPC codes that will be shaping the resultant hardware architectures expected to be of low complexity and high throughput rate. The first contribution of this thesis is to reduce the complexity of the Check Node (CN) by minimizing the number of messages being processed. This is done thanks to a pre-sorting process that sorts the messages intending to enter the CN based on their reliability values, where the less likely messages will be omitted and consequently their dedicated hardware part will be simply removed. This reliability-based sorting enabling the processing of only the highly reliable messages induces a high reduction of the hardware complexity of the NB-LDPC decoder. Clearly, this hardware reduction must come at no significant performance degradation. A new Hybrid architectural CN model (H-CN) combining two state-of-the-art algorithms - Forward-Backward CN (FB-CN) and Syndrome Based CN (SB-CN) - has been proposed. This hybrid model permits to effectively exploit the advantages of pre-sorting. This thesis proposes also new methods to perform the Variable Node (VN) processing in the context of pre-sorting-based architecture. Different examples of implementation of NB-LDPC codes defined over GF(64) and GF(256) are presented. For decoder to run faster, it must become parallel. From this perspective, we have proposed a new efficient parallel decoder architecture for a 5/6 rate NB-LDPC code defined over GF(64). This architecture is characterized by its fully parallel CN architecture receiving all the input messages in only one clock cycle. The proposed new methodology of parallel implementation of NB-LDPC decoders constitutes a new vein in the hardware conception of ultra-high throughput rate decoders. Finally, since the NB-LDPC decoders requires the implementation of a sorting function to extract P minimum values among a list of size Ns, a chapter is dedicated to this problematic where an original architecture called First-Then-Second-Extrema-Selection (FTSES) has been proposed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T13:58:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 26 / Nenhuma / O surgimento de novas metodologias ágeis para apoiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas, como a Extreme Programming (XP), vem causando impacto nas empresas de desenvolvimento de software, especialmente por sua flexibilidade nas mudanças de requisitos no decorrer do projeto. Assim, um melhor entendimento e representação estrutural dos requisitos tornam-se fundamental. Logo, esta pesquisa aplica o conceito das técnicas de refatoração de código dentro da Engenharia de Requisitos, que é focado na metodologia XP, por meios das User Stories. O trabalho aplica um conjunto de padrões e regras que permite aos requisitos expressos em cartões CRC serem refatorados através de pré e pós-condições, sendo que esses requisitos são descritos por mapas conceituais (MC) em formato OWL. Por sua vez, os MCs são convertidos em diagramas de classes da UML por meio da UML-MC que formaliza esta transformação. Dessa forma, o ambiente UStory-Refactory automatiza parcialmente o processo de refatoração e permite que os requisitos refatorados / The emergence of new agile methodologies to support systems development, as the Extreme Programming (XP), has been causing impact on software development companies, specially for its flexibility in the requirements changes during the project. Thus, a better understanding and structural representation of the requirements become basic. Then, this research applies the concept of the code refactoring techniques, inside of the Requirements Engineering, which is focused at XP methodology, through the User Stories. The work applies a set of standards and rules that allows the requirements expressed in CRC cards to be refactored through pre and post-conditions, and the requirements are described for conceptual maps (CMaps) in OWL format. In their turn, the CMaps are converted into UML classes diagrams by the UML-MC that formalizes this transformation. This way, the UStory-Refactory environment partially automatizes the refactoring process and allows the refactored requirements to be exported in OWL format, promoting